new 11/94

1995 PACS, ALPHABETIC INDEX, P - R

P

p-n junctions, 73.40
(p,n) reactions, 25.40.K
(p,pi) reactions, 25.40.Q
Pacific Ocean, 93.30.P
Packaging (integrated electronics), 85.40.B
Pair production, 23.20.R
Paleomagnetism, 91.25.N
Paleozoic period, 91.70.F
Parallaxes (stellar), 97.10.V
Paramagnetic resonance, 76.30
Paramagnetism, 75.20
Parametric microwave circuits, 84.30.E
Parametric oscillations (nonlinear optics), 42.65.K
Parity
-nuclear properties, 21.10.H
-symmetry (fields and particles), 11.30.E
Partial differential equations, 02.30.J
Particle-in-cell method (plasma simulation), 52.65.R
Particle orbits
-plasma, 52.20.D
-plasma simulation, 52.65.C
Particle-theory models (Early Universe), 98.80.C
Passivation, surface (integrated electronics), 85.40.L
Pastes, 83.70.H
Path-integral methods (atomic physics), 31.15.K
Pattern formation (chemical kinetics), 82.40.C
Pattern recognition
-optics, 42.30.S
Pattern selection (fluid dynamics), 47.54
Pattern transfer techniques
-integrated electronics, 85.40.H
-integrated optics, 42.82.C
Peierls instability
-electronic conduction, 72.15.N
-metal-insulator transitions, 71.30
Pendulum, 07.10.Y
Penetration depth (superconductivity), 74.25.H
Penning discharges, 52.80.S
Perception
-speech, 43.71
-visual, 42.66.S
Percolation (phase transitions), 64.60.A
Periodic flows, 83.50.B
Permittivity, 77.22.C
Perovskites (superconductivity), 74.72, 74.76.B
Personal notes, 01.60
Perturbation theory
-atomic physics, 31.15.M
-electronic structure of solids, 71.10
-gauge field theories, 11.15.B
-quantum chromodynamics, 12.38.B, C
PET, 87.59.V
Petrology
-geophysical aspects, 91.65
-Moon, 96.20.D
Phase, of electromagnetic field, 42.50.D
Phase coherence, atomic ensemble
-matter waves optics, 03.75.D
-quantum optics, 42.50.G
Phase conjugation, 42.65.H
Phase diagrams (see also Phase transitions)
-metals and alloys, 81.30.B
-nonmetallic systems, 81.30.D
-superconductors, 74.25.D
Phase equilibria (see 64)
Phase identification (thin films), 68.55.N
Phase retrieval (optics), 42.30.R
Phase separation (heterogeneous liquids), 83.70.H
Phase transitions, 05.70.F, 64.60, 64.70
-chemical thermodynamics, 82.60.F
-clusters, 36.40.E
-crystallographic aspects, 61.50.K
-displacive, 63.75
-ferroelectric, 77.80.B
-magnetic, 75.30.K
-solid-solid, 81.30
-at solid surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.R
Phonons, 63.20
-photon-phonon interactions (polaritons), 71.36
-scattering by, 72.10.D
Phosphorescence
-atoms, 32.50
-condensed matter, 78.55
-molecules, 33.50.D
Phosphorylation, 87.22.F
Photoacoustic effect
-liquids, 62.60
-solids, 62.65
Photoacoustic spectroscopy, 07.64, 82.80.K
Photocathodes, 85.60.J
Photochemistry, 82.50
-biomolecules, 87.15.M, R
Photoconductivity
-bulk matter, 72.40
-thin films, 73.50.P
Photodetachment
-atomic negative ions, 32.80.G
-molecules, 33.80.E
Photodetectors
-in astronomy, 95.55.A
-optical devices, 42.79.P
-optoelectronics, 85.60.G
Photodielectric effects
-bulk matter, 72.40
-thin films, 73.50.P
Photodiodes, 85.60.D
Photodissociation
-biomolecules, 87.15.M
-molecules, 33.80.G
-photochemical reactions, 82.50.F
Photoelectric devices, 85.60
Photoelectron spectroscopy
-biophysics, 87.64.L
-chemical analysis, 82.80.P
-condensed matter, 79.60
-molecules, 33.60
Photoemission, 79.60
Photofission, 25.85.J
Photogrammetry, 91.10.L
Photography, 07.68
-astronomical applications, 95.75.D
Photoionization
-atoms, 32.80.F
-inner-shell ionization, 32.80.H
-multiphoton ionization, 32.80.R
-biomolecules, 87.15.M
-molecules, 33.80.E
-multiphoton ionization, 33.80.R
-photochemical reactions, 82.50.F
Photoluminescence, 78.55
Photolysis, 82.50.F
Photometers, 07.60.D
-in astronomy, 95.55.Q, 95.75.D
Photomultipliers, 85.60.G
-nuclear physics, 29.40
Photon-atom interactions, 32.80
-coherent control of, 32.80.Q
Photon echo, 42.50.M
Photon-molecule interactions, 33.80
Photons
-inclusive production, 13.85.Q
-interactions with hadrons, 13.60
-nonclassical states, 42.50.D
-properties, 14.70.B
-solar, 96.40.F
-statistics, 42.50.A
-photon-magnon interactions, 71.36
Photonuclear reactions, 25.20
Photoproduction
-baryons, 13.60.R
-mesons, 13.60.L
-nuclear, 25.20.L
Photorefractive effect
-nonlinear optics, 42.65.H
-optical materials, 42.70.N
Photoresistors, 85.20.E
Photosphere
-solar, 96.60.M
-stellar, 97.10.E
Photosynthesis, 87.22.F
Phototubes, 85.10.P
Photovoltaic effect
-bulk matter, 72.40
-thin films, 73.50.P
Physical chemistry (see 82)
Physics literature and publications, 01.30
Physiological acoustics, 43.64
Physiological optics, 42.66
Picosecond techniques, 06.60.J
Piezoelectric devices, 85.50.L
Piezoelectric materials, 77.84
Piezoelectricity, 77.65
Piezooptical effects, 78.20.H
Piezoresistance
-semiconductors and insulators, 72.20.F
-thin films, 73.50.D
Pinch effect and pinch devices, 52.55.E
Pinning (superconductivity), 74.60.G
Pions
-astronomical observations, 95.85.R
-detectors (astronomy), 95.55.V
-pion-baryon reactions, 13.75.G
-pion-induced nuclear reactions, 25.80
Planetary nebulae, 98.38.L, 98.58.L
Planets
-extrasolar, 97.82
-formation, 96.35.C
-interaction with solar wind, 96.50.E
-probes, 95.55.P
-properties, 96.35
-Solar System, 96.30
Plasma
-astrophysical, 95.30.Q
-diagnostics, 52.70
-elementary processes, 52.20
-ionosphere, 94.20.W
-macroinstabilities, 52.35.P
-magnetohydrodynamics, 52.30
-magnetosphere, 94.30.F, G
-microinstabilities, 52.35.Q
-neutrals in, 52.25.Y
-production and heating, 52.50
-properties, 52.25
-quark-gluon, 12.38.M
-relativistic, 52.60
-sheaths, 52.40.H
-solid-state
-bulk matter, 72.30
-thin films, 73.50.M
Plasma applications
-film deposition, 52.75.R, 81.15.G
-materials processing, 52.75.R, 81.60
Plasma-assisted CVD, 52.75.R, 81.15.G
Plasma confinement
-magnetic, 52.55
-nonmagnetic, 52.58
-electrostatic, 52.28.Q
-high-frequency, 52.58.Q
-inertial, 52.58.E, H, N
Plasma devices, 52.75
Plasma diodes, 52.75.F
Plasma etching, 52.75.R
Plasma-filled waveguides, 52.40.F
Plasma focus devices, 52.55.E
Plasma reactions, 82.40.R
Plasma simulation, 52.65
Plasma sources, 52.50.D
Plasma spraying, 81.15.R
Plasma switches, 52.75.K
Plasma torches, 52.75.H
Plasma waves, 52.35
Plasmapause, 94.20.P
Plasmasphere, 94.20.M
Plasma-wall interactions, 52.40.H
Plasmons
-bulk matter, 71.45.G
-clusters, 36.40.G
-surfaces and interfaces, 73.20.M
Plasticity
-materials treatment effects on, 81.40.L
-mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.F
-rheology, 83.50
Plastics, 83.80
-preparation, 81.20.S
-structure, 61.41
-surface treatments, 81.60.J
Plate tectonics, 91.45.D
Plates, structural mechanics of, 46.30
Pluto, 96.30.S
Pneumodynamics, 87.45.H
Poincare invariance, 11.30.C
Point contact devices, 85.30.H
Point contacts, superconducting, 74.80.F
Point defects
-absorption spectra, 78.50
-in crystals, 61.72.J
Poiseuille flow, 83.50
Poisson equation, 41.20.C
Poisson ratio
-mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.D
-treatment of materials, 81.40.J
Polar regions, 93.30.S
Polar wobble, 91.10.N
Polarimeters, 07.60.F
-in astronomy, 95.55.Q, 95.75.H
Polaritons, 71.36
Polarizability
-atoms, 32.10.D
-molecules, 33.15.K
Polarization
-atmospheric optics, 42.68.M
-dielectric, 77.22.E
-DNMR, 76.70.F
-in nuclear reactions, 24.70
-optical fibers, 42.81.G
-particle interactions, 13.88
-starlight, 97.10.L
-wave optics, 42.25.J
Polarized beams (accelerators), 29.27.H
Polarized ion sources, 29.25.L
Polarized targets, 29.25.P
Polarizers, optical, 42.79.C
Polarons, 71.38
Pollution
-atmospheric, 92.60.S
-effects on instruments, 07.89
-instruments for measurement of, 07.88
-marine, 92.20.N
-radioactive (medical physics), 87.50.N, P
Polyatomic molecules, electron correlation in, 31.25.Q
Polymerization, 82.35
Polymers
-blends, 83.80.E
-block copolymers, 83.70.H
-chemical reactions, 82.35
-dielectric properties, 77.84.J
-dynamics, 83.10.N
-elastomeric, 83.80.D
-electronic structure
-condensed matter, 71.20.H
-molecules, 36.20.K
-melts and solutions, 61.25.H
-optical materials, 42.70.J
-photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.F
-preparation, 81.20.S
-reinforced, 81.20.T
-structure
-condensed phase, 61.41
-molecular, 36.20
-surface treatments, 81.60.J
-thermoplastic, 83.80.B
-thermosetting, 83.80.C
-thin films
-electrical properties, 73.61.P
-optical properties, 78.66.Q
Polymorphic transformations, 64.70.K
-crystallographic aspects, 61.50.K
-materials science aspects, 81.30.H
Polynomials, 02.10.N
Porous media
-flow through, 47.55.M
-granular materials, 81.35
-heat transfer in, 44.30
Position-sensitive detectors, 29.40.G
Positron annihilation, 78.70.B
Positron emission tomography (PET), 87.59.V
Positron microscopes, 07.78
Positron scattering, 25.30.H
Positronium, 36.10.D
-chemical reactions, 82.55
Positrons
-properties, 14.60.C
-radiation damage by, 61.80.F
-states, 71.60
Post-Newtonian approximation (general relativity), 04.25.N
Potential energy surfaces
-chemical kinetics, 82.20.K
-molecular collisions, 34.20.M
Potential flows, 47.15.H
Potential theory (mathematics), 02.30.E
Potentials
-atom-molecule, 34.20.G
-interatomic, 34.20.C
-intermolecular, 34.20.G
Potts model, 75.10.H
Powder technique (structure determination)
-neutron diffraction, 61.12.G
-x-ray diffraction, 61.10.L
Powders
-materials preparation, 81.20.E
-spray coating, 81.15.R
-superconducting, 74.80.B
Power electronics, 84.30.J
Power lines, biological effects of, 87.50.J
Power reactors, 28.50.H
Precambrian period, 91.70.H
Precipitation
-hydrology, 92.40.E
-meteorology, 92.60.J
-particle (ionospheric), 94.20.Q
-phase properties of systems, 64.75
-in solidification, 81.30.M
Predissociation, 33.80.G
Pressure effects
-mechanical properties of solids, 62.50
-structural properties of materials, 81.40.V
-superconductors, 74.62.F
Prisms, 42.79.B
Probability theory, 02.50.C
Probes, lunar and planetary, 95.55.P
Projection systems, 42.79
Projective geometries, 02.40.D
Prominences, solar, 96.60.S
Propellants, 83.70
Proportional counters, 29.40.C
Propulsion
-plasma, 52.75.D
-reactors, 28.50.K
Protogalaxies, 98.65.D
Proton dosimetry, 87.53.P, Q
Proton scattering (nuclear reactions)
-elastic, 25.40.C
-inelastic, 25.40.E
Protons, properties of, 14.20.D
Protostars, 97.21
Proximity effects, 74.50
Pseudoalloys, preparation of, 81.20.G
Pseudopotential methods (band-structure calculations), 71.10
Psychological acoustics, 43.66
Pulsars, 97.60.G
Pulsatile flows, 83.50.B
Pulse circuits, 84.30.S
Pulse compression (optical), 42.65.R
Pulse generators, 84.30.N
Pumps, vacuum, 07.30.C
Pyroelectric effects, 77.70
Pyrolysis, 82.30.L
Pyrometry, 07.20.K
PZT ceramics, 77.84.D

Q

Quadrupole magnets, 41.85.L
Quadrupole resonance, 76.60.G
Quantization
-canonical, 04.60.D
-covariant and sum-over-history, 04.60
Quantized fields, 03.70
Quantized spin models, 75.10.J
Quantum acoustics, 43.35
Quantum beats, 42.50.M
Quantum biology, 87.10
Quantum chromodynamics, 12.38, 24.85
Quantum cosmology, 98.80.H
Quantum crystals, 67.80
Quantum dots, 73.20.D
Quantum electrodynamics, 12.20
Quantum ensemble theory, 05.30.C
Quantum fluctuations, 42.50.L
Quantum fluids (see 67)
Quantum gravity, 04.60
Quantum Hall effect, 73.40.H
Quantum interference devices, 85.25.D
Quantum jumps, 42.50.L
Quantum localization
-metals and alloys, 72.15.R
-surfaces and interfaces, 73.20.F
Quantum mechanics, 03.65
Quantum noise, 42.50.L
Quantum optics, 42.50
Quantum statistical mechanics, 05.30
Quantum wells, 73.20.D
Quantum wires, 73.20.D
Quark-gluon plasma, 12.38.M
Quark models, 12.39
Quarkonia
-decays
-hadronic, 13.25.G
-leptonic and semileptonic, 13.20.G
-properties
-mass < 2.5 GeV, 14.40.C
-mass > 2.5 GeV, 14.40.G
Quarks, 14.65, 24.85
-masses and mixing, 12.15.F
Quasars, 98.54.A
Quasicrystals, 61.44
Quasiparticle methods (atomic physics), 31.15.L
Quenching (fluorescence)
-atoms, 32.50
-condensed matter, 78.55
-molecules, 33.50.H
Queuing theory, 02.50.H

R

Radiation chemistry, 82.50
Radiation effects
-biological, 87.50
-on instruments, 07.89
-on optical elements, devices and systems, 42.88
-in solids, 61.80
Radiation fields, 04.40.N
Radiation protection, 87.50.N, P
Radiation therapy
-equipment, 87.56
-ionizing radiations, 87.53
-non-ionizing radiations, 87.54
Radiative capture of nucleons, 25.40.L
Radiative corrections
-atoms and molecules, 31.30.J
-electroweak interactions, 12.15.L
-hadrons, 13.40.K
Radiative flows, 47.70
Radiative recombination, 78.60
Radiative transfer
-astrophysics, 95.30.J
-in atmosphere, 42.68.A
-heat transfer, 44.40
-stellar, 97.10.E
Radio-frequency spectra
-atoms, 32.30.B
-molecules, 33.20.B
Radio galaxies, 98.54.G
Radio telescopes, 95.55.J
Radioactive sources, 29.25.R
Radioactive wastes, 28.41.K
Radioactivity (see 23)
Radiochemical activation analysis, 82.80.J
Radiochemistry, 82.55
Radioimmunotherapy, 87.53.N
Radioisotopes (nuclear medicine), 87.59.Q
Radiolysis, 82.50.G
Radiometers, 07.60.D
Radiosurgery, 87.53.L
Radiowave radiation
-astronomical observations, 95.85.B
-biological effects of, 87.50.J
-interactions with condensed matter, 78.70.G
-in plasma, 52.25.S
-plasma diagnostics, 52.70.G
-plasma heating, 52.50.G
-sources, galactic and extragalactic, 98.70.D
-wave propagation, 41.20.J, 84.40.C
Radiowave receivers and detectors, 07.57.K
Radiowave sources, 07.57.H
Radiowave spectrometers, 07.57.P
Raman lasers, 42.55.Y
Raman spectra
-condensed matter, 78.30
-macro- and polymer molecules, 36.20.N
-molecules, 33.20.F
Raman spectroscopy
-biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.J
-CARS, 42.65.D
-chemical analysis, 82.80.C
Random-phase approximations
-electronic structure, 71.10
-nuclear-structure models, 21.60.J
Random processes, 05.40
Range finders, optical, 42.79.Q
Rarefied gas dynamics, 47.45
Rate constants (chemical kinetics), 82.20.P
Ray tracing
-optical, 42.15.D
Rayleigh scattering
-condensed matter, 78.35
-molecules, 33.20.F
-nonlinear optics, 42.65.E
-plasma, 52.35.N
Rayleigh-Taylor instability, 52.35.P
Reactive flows, 47.70
Reactor materials
-fission reactors, 28.41.Q
-fusion reactors, 28.52.F
Reactor safety, 28.41.T
Reactors
-chemical, 82.40.B
-nuclear (see 28)
Recombination
-radiative, 78.60
-semiconductors, 72.20.J
-thin films, 73.50.G
Recording media
-holographic, 42.40.H
-magnetic, 85.70.K, L
Recrystallization
-materials treatment effects on microstructure, 81.40.E
-in solid phase crystal growth, 81.10.J
Red shift, 98.62.P
Reflectivity, 78.20.C
Reflectometers, 07.60.H
Reflectors, optical, 42.79.F
Refraction, 42.25.G
Refractivity, 78.20.C
Refractometers, 07.60.H
Refractories
-preparation, 81.20.L
-surface treatments, 81.60.D
Regge theory
-S-matrix theory, 11.55.J
-strong interactions, 12.40.N
Reinforced materials
-composites, 81.20.J
-polymers, 81.20.T
Relativistic astrophysics, 95.30.S
Relativistic corrections, 31.30.J
Relativistic electron beams, 41.75.H
Relativistic fluid dynamics, 47.75
Relativistic heavy-ion reactions, 25.75
Relativistic models (nuclear reactions), 24.10.J
Relativistic plasma, 52.60
Relativistic scattering theory, 11.80
Relativistic stars, 04.40.D
Relativistic wave equations, 03.65.P
Relativity
-general
-approximation methods, equations of motion, 04.25
-classical, 04.20
-special, 03.30
Relaxation processes
-chemical kinetics, 82.20.R
-dielectrics, 77.22.G
-electron spin resonance, 76.30
-electronic conduction in metals and alloys, 72.15.L
-helium-4, 67.40.F
-muon spin rotation, 76.75
-nuclear magnetic resonance, 33.25, 76.60
-quantum optics, 42.50.H
Relays, 85.20.S
Remote sensing, 07.07.D
-in astronomy, 95.75.R
-atmospheric optics, 42.68.W
-optical devices, 42.79.Q
Renner-Teller effects, 33.20.W
Renormalization
-field theory, 11.10.G, 11.10.H
-phase transitions, 64.60.A
Reptation, 83.20.F
Resistors, 85.20.E
Resists, 85.40.H
Resonance reactions, nucleon-induced, 25.40.N
Resonance tunneling, 73.40.G
Resonances
-baryon, 14.20.G
-heavy-ion induced, 25.70.E
-nuclear reactions, 24.30
Resonators
-lasers, 42.60.D
-optical, 42.79.Y
Reynolds number, 83.10
-high, 47.27.J
-low, 47.15.G
RHEED, 61.14.H
Rheology (see 83)
-body fluids, 87.45.F
Riemannian geometries, 02.40.K
Ring galaxies, 98.52.S
Rings
-algebraic, 02.10
-planetary, 96.30.W
Rivers, 92.40.F
Robotic vision, 42.30.T
Rocks
-physical properties, 91.60
-rheology, 83.80.N
Rotation, measurement of, 06.30.G
Rotational constants, molecular, 33.15.M
Rotational energy transfer, 34.50.E
Rotational flows, 47.32
Rotational isomerism, 33.15.H
Rotational levels
-macromolecules, 36.20.N
-molecules, 33.20.S
-nuclei, 21.10.R
Rovibronic states, 33.20.W
Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, 61.80.M
Rydberg states
-excitation and ionization
-atoms, 32.80.R
-molecules, 33.80.R
-scattering in, 34.60

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