New and Modified PACS Categories for 2003
02.10.Ox Combinatorics; graph theory
02.70.Wz Symbolic computation (computer algebra)
03.67.Mn Entanglement production, characterization and
manipulation
(see also 03.65.Ud Entanglement and quantum nonlocality;
for entanglement in Bose-Einstein condensates, see 03.75.Gg)
03.67.Pp Quantum error correction and other methods for protection
against
decoherence (see also 03.65.Yz Decoherence; open systems;
quantum statistical methods; for decoherence in Bose-Einstein
condensates,
see 03.75.Gg)
03.75.Gg Entanglement and decoherence in Bose-Einstein
condensates
03.75.Hh Static properties of condensates; thermodynamical,
statistical and
structural properties.
03.75.Kk Dynamic properties of condensates; collective and
hydrodynamic
excitations, superfluid flow
03.75.Lm Tunneling, Josephson effect, Bose-Einstein condensates in
periodic
potentials, solitons, vortices and topological excitations
03.75.Mn Multicomponent condensates; spinor condensates
03.75.Nt Other Bose-Einstein condensation phenomena
03.75.Pp Atom lasers
03.75.Ss Degenerate Fermi gases
04.60.Pp Loop quantum gravity, quantum geometry, spin foams
11.10.Nx Noncommutative field theory
11.25.Tq Gauge/string duality
11.25.Uv D branes
11.25.Wx String and brane phenomenology
11.25.Yb M theory
12.39.St Factorization
13.66.-a Lepton-lepton interactions
13.66.Bc Hadron production in e-e+ interactions
13.66.De Lepton production in e-e+ interactions
13.66.Fg Gauge and Higgs boson production in e-e+
interactions
13.66.Hk Production of non-standard model particles in e-e+
interactions
13.66.Jn Precision mesurements in e-e+ interactions
13.66.Lm Processes in other lepton-lepton interactions
25.75.Nq Quark deconfinement, quark-gluon plasma production, and
phase
transitions (see also 12.38.Mh Quark-gluon plasma in quantum
chromodynamics)
42.50.Nn Quantum optical phenomena in absorbing, dispersive and
conducting media
42.50.Pq Cavity quantum electrodynamics; micromasers
42.50.St Nonclassical interferometry, subwavelength
lithography
42.50.Vk Mechanical effects of light on atoms, molecules,
electrons, and ions
(see also 32.80.Pj and 33.80.Ps Optical cooling and trapping
of atoms and molecules, respectively)
42.50.Xa Optical tests of quantum theory
42.55.Tv Photonic crystal lasers and coherent effects
42.55.Zz Random lasers
42.65.Lm Parametric down conversion and production of entangled
photons
(see also 42.50.Dv Nonclassical states of the electromagnetic field,
including entangled photon states;
quantum state engineering and measurements; for optical parametric
oscillators and amplifiers, see 42.65.Yj)
42.68.Xy Ocean optics (see also 92.10.Pt Optical properties of sea
water in
physics of the oceans)
42.81.Uv Fiber networks (see also 42.79.Sz Optical communication
systems,
multiplexers, and demultiplexers)
68.47.Fg Semiconductor surfaces
71.35.Pq Charged excitons (trions)
74.25.Op Mixed states, critical fields, and surface sheaths
74.25.Qt Vortex lattices, flux pinning, flux creep
74.25.Sv Critical currents
74.45.+c Proximity effects; Andreev effect; SN and SNS
junctions
74.78.-w Superconducting films and low-dimensional structures
74.78.Bz High-Tc films
74.78.Db Low-Tc films
74.78.Fk Multilayers, superlattices, heterostructures
74.78.Na Mesoscopic and nanoscale systems
74.81.-g Inhomogeneous superconductors and superconducting
systems
74.81.Bd Granular, melt-textured, amorphous and composite
superconductors
74.81.Fa Josephson junction arrays and wire networks
75.10.Pq Spin chain models
75.30.Wx Spin crossover
75.47.-m Magnetotransport phenomena; materials for
magnetotransport
(for spintronics, see 85.75.-d;
see also 72.15.Gd, 73.50.Jt, 73.43.Qt, and 72.25.-b in transport
phenomena)
75.47.De Giant magnetoresistance
75.47.Gk Colossal magnetoresistance
75.47.Jn Ballistic magnetoresistance
75.47.Lx Manganites
75.47.Np Metals and alloys
75.47.Pq Other materials
78.55.Qr Amorphous materials; glasses and other disordered
solids
78.67.Pt Multilayers; superlattices
81.70.Tx Computed tomography
82.45.Aa Electrochemical synthesis (see also 81.16.Be Chemical
synthesis
methods in nanofabrication and 81.20.Ka Chemical synthesis;
combustion synthesis in materials synthesis)
82.45.Bb Corrosion and passivation (see also 81.65.Kn Corrosion
protection
and 81.65.Rv Passivation in surface treatments)
82.45.Cc Anodic films
82.45.Gj Electrolytes (for polyelectrolytes, see also 82.35.Rs and
82.45.Wx;
see also 66.30.Hs Self-diffusion and ionic conduction in nonmetals)
82.45.Hk Electrolysis
82.45.Rr Electroanalytical chemistry (see also 82.80.Fk
Electrochemical
methods in chemical analysis and related physical methods of
analysis)
82.45.Un Dielectric materials in electrochemistry (see also
77.84.-s
Dielectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and antiferroelectric
materials)
82.45.Vp Semiconductor materials in electrochemistry (see also
81.05.Cy,
Dz, Ea, Gc, Hd in specific materials)
82.45.Wx Polymers and organic materials in electrochemistry (see
also
82.35.-x Polymers: properties; reactions; polymerization)
82.45.Xy Ceramics in electrochemistry (see also 81.05.Je, Mh in
specific materials)
82.45.Yz Nanostructured materials in electrochemistry (for
nanofabrication,
see 81.16.-c in materials science)
82.47.-a Applied electrochemistry
82.47.Aa Lithium-ion batteries
82.47.Cb Lead-acid, nickel-metal hydride and other batteries
(for lithium-ion batteries, see 82.47.Aa)
82.47.Ed Solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFC)
82.47.Gh Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells
82.47.Jk Photoelectrochemical cells, photoelectrochromic and
other hybrid electrochemical energy storage devices
(see also 84.60.Jd Photoelectric conversion, solar cells and
arrays)
82.47.Lh Molten-carbonate fuel cells (MCFC)
82.47.Nj Polymer-electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC)
82.47.Pm Phosphoric-acid fuel cells (PAFC); other fuel cells
82.47.Rs Electrochemical sensors
82.47.Tp Electrochemical displays
82.47.Uv Electrochemical capacitors; supercapacitors
82.47.Wx Electrochemical engineering
84.71.-b Superconducting high-power technology (see also 84.30.Jc
Power)
84.71.Ba Superconducting magnets; magnetic levitation devices
84.71.Fk Superconducting cables
84.71.Mn Superconducting wires, fibers, and tapes
87.54.Hk Sound and ultrasound therapy/lithotripsy
87.57.Ra Computer-aided diagnosis
87.64.Gb X-ray spectroscopy (see also 87.64.Fb EXAFS
spectroscopy)
87.83.+a Biomedical applications of nanotechnology
89.40.-a Transportation
89.40.Bb Land transportation
89.40.Cc Water transportation
89.40.Dd Air transporation
98.80.Jk Mathematical and relativistic aspects of cosmology
98.80.Qc Quantum cosmology (see also 04.60.-m Quantum gravity in
general
relativity and gravitation)
99.10.-x Errata and other corrections
99.10.Cd Errata
99.10.Fg Publisher's note
99.10.Jk Corrected article
02.20.-a Group theory (for algebraic methods in quantum
mechanics,
see 03.65.Fd; for symmetries in elementary particle physics, see
11.30.-j)
03. Quantum mechanics, field theories, and special relativity
(see also section 11 General theory of fields and particles)
03.50.De Classical electromagnetism, Maxwell equations (for
applied
classical electromagnetism, see 41.20.-q)
03.65.-w Quantum mechanics (see also 03.67.-a Quantum
information;
05.30.-d Quantum statistical mechanics)
03.65.Fd Algebraic methods (see also 02.20.-a Group theory)
03.65.Ta Foundations of quantum mechanics;
measurement theory for optical tests of quantum theory, see
42.50.Xa)
03.65.Ud Entanglement and quantum nonlocality (e.g. EPR paradox,
Bell's inequalities, GHZ states, etc.)
(for entanglement production in quantum information, see 03.67.Mn;
for entanglement in Bose-Einstein condensates, see 03.75.Gg)
03.65.Yz Decoherence; open systems; quantum statistical
methods
see also 03.67.Pp in quantum information;
for decoherence in Bose-Einstein condensates, see 03.75.Gg)
03.75.-b Matter waves (for atom interferometry techniques,
see 39.20.+q in atomic and molecular physics)
04.20.-q Classical general relativity (see also 02.40.-k
Geometry,
differential geometry, and topology)
04.40.Dg Relativistic stars: structure, stability, and
oscillations
(see also 97.60.-s Late stages of stellar evolution)
04.70.-s Physics of black holes (see also 97.60.Lf-in
astronomy)
04.80.Nn Gravitational wave detectors and experiments
(see also 95.55.Ym in astronomy)
05. Statistical physics, thermodynamics, and nonlinear dynamical
systems
(see also 02.50.-r Probability theory, stochastic processes, and
statistics)
05.10.-a Computational methods in statistical physics and
nonlinear
dynamics (see also 02.70.-c in mathematical methods in physics)
05.10.Ln Monte Carlo methods (see also 02.70.Tt, Uu in mathematical
methods in physics;
for Monte Carlo methods in plasma simulation, see 52.65.Pp)
05.20.Dd Kinetic theory (see also 51.10.+y Kinetic and transport
theory of gases)
05.20.Jj Statistical mechanics of classical fluids
see also 47.10.+g General theory in fluid dynamics)
05.30.Fk Fermion systems and electron gas (see also 71.10.-w
Theories and models of many-electron systems)
05.30.Jp Boson systems (for static and dynamic properties of
Bose-Einstein condensates, see 03.75.Hh and 03.75.Kk)
05.40.-a Fluctuation phenomena, random processes, noise, and
Brownian motion
for fluctuations in superconductivity, see 74.40.+k;
for statistical theory and fluctuations in nuclear reactions, see
24.60.-k;
for fluctuations in plasma, see 52.25.Gj)
05.45.Df Fractals (see also 47.53.+n Fractals in fluid
dynamics)
05.45.Mt Quantum chaos; semiclassical methods
05.45.Pq Numerical simulations of chaotic systems
05.45.Yv Solitons (see 52.35.Sb for solitons in plasma;
for solitons in acoustics, see 43.25.Rq-in acoustics appendix;
see 42.50.Md, 42.65.Tg, 42.81.Dp for solitons in optics;
see also 03.75.Lm Tunneling, Josephson effect, Bose-Einstein condensates
in periodic potentials, solitons, vortices and topological
excitations)
05.65.+b Self-organized systems
(see also 45.70.-n in classical mechanics)
05.70.-a Thermodynamics
(see also section 64 Equations of state, phase equilibria, and phase
transitions, and section 65 Thermal properties of condensed matter;
for chemical thermodynamics, see 82.60.-s; for thermodynamics of plasmas,
see 52.25.Kn)
05.70.Ce Thermodynamic functions and equations of state
(see also 51.30.+i Thermodynamic properties, equations of state in
physics of gases)
06. Metrology, measurements, and laboratory procedures
(for laser applications in metrology, see 42.62.Eh)
07.05.Pj Image processing (see also 42.30.Va in optics;
87.57.-s Medical imaging: general in biological and medical
physics)
07.20.Pe Heat engines; heat pumps; heat pipes
07.50.Ek Circuits and circuit components
(see also 84.30.-r Electronic circuits and 84.32.-y Passive circuit
components)
07.57.-c Infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave and radiowave
instruments and equipment
(for infrared and radio telescopes, see 95.55.Cs, 95.55.Fw, and 95.55.Jz
in astronomy)
07.60.Vg Fiber-optic instruments (see also 42.81.-i Fiber optics-in
optics)
07.64.+z Acoustic instruments and equipment (see also 43.58.+z in
acoustics)
07.85.-m X- and gamma-ray instruments (for x- and gamma-ray
telescopes, see 95.55.Ka in astronomy)
07.87.+v Spaceborne and space research instruments, apparatus,
and
components (satellites, space vehicles, etc.)
for aeronomy and magnetospheric instrumentation, see 94.80.+g;
see also 95.55.Fw and 95.40.+s in astronomy)
11. General theory of fields and particles
see also 03.65.-w Quantum mechanics and 03.70.+k Theory of quantized
fields)
11.10.-z Field theory (for gauge field theories, see
11.15.-q)
11.10.Kk Field theories in dimensions other than four
(see also 04.50.+h Gravity in more than four dimensions;
04.60.Kz Lower dimensional models in quantum gravity)
11.10.Lm Nonlinear or nonlocal theories and models
(see also 11.27.+d Extended classical solutions;
cosmic strings, domain walls, texture)
11.25.-w Strings and branes (for cosmic strings, see 98.80.Cq in
cosmology;
see also 11.27.+d Extended classical solutions;
cosmic strings, domain walls, texture)
11.27.+d Extended classical solutions; cosmic strings, domain
walls, texture
(see also 98.80.Cq in cosmology; 11.25.-w Strings and branes)
11.30.-j Symmetry and conservation laws (see also 02.20.-a Group
theory)
12.10.-g Unified field theories and models (see also 04.50.+h in
general relativity and gravitation,
11.25.Mj Compactification and four-dimensional models)
12.20.Fv Experimental tests (for optical tests in quantum
electrodynamics,
see 42.50.Xa)
12.38.Mh Quark-gluon plasma (see also 25.75.Nq Quark
deconfinement,
quark-gluon plasma production and phase transitions in relativistic heavy
ion collisions)
12.60.Jv Supersymmetric models (see also 04.65.+e
Supergravity)
13.15.+g Neutrino interactions
13.20.-v Leptonic, semileptonic, and radiative decays of
mesons
13.30.Ce eptonic, semileptonic, and radiative decays
13.40.-f Electromagnetic processes and properties
13.60.-r Photon and charged-lepton interactions with hadrons
(for neutrino interactions, see 13.15.+g)
13.75.-n Hadron-induced low- and intermediate-energy reactions and
scattering (energy(less-than-or-equal-to)10 GeV)
(for higher energies, see 13.85.-t)
13.75.Cs Nucleon-nucleon interactions (including antinucleons,
deuterons, etc.)
(for N-N interactions in nuclei, see 21.30.-x)
13.85.-t Hadron-induced high- and super-high-energy
interactions
energy>10 GeV) (for low energies, see 13.75.-n)
13.85.Tp Cosmic-ray interactions (see also 96.40.-z Cosmic rays in
astronomy)
21. Nuclear structure (for nucleon structure, see 14.20.Dh
Properties of protons and neutrons;
13.40.-f for electromagnetic processes and properties;
13.60.Hb for deep-inelastic structure functions)
25.40.-h Nucleon-induced reactions (see also 28.20.-v Neutron
physics)
25.75.-q Relativistic heavy-ion collisions (collisions induced by
light ions
tudied to calibrate relativistic heavy-ion collisions should be
classified under
both 25.75.-q and sections 13 or 25 appropriate to the light ions)
28.20.-v Neutron physics (see also 25.40.-h Nucleon-induced
reactions and
25.85.Ec Neutron-induced fission)
28.70.+y Nuclear explosions (see also 47.40.-x Compressional
flows;
shock and detonation phenomena; for radiation protection from
fallout,
see 87.52.-g in biological and medical physics)
29.27.-a Beams in particle accelerators (for low energy
charged-particle
beams, see 41.75.-i)
29.40.-n Radiation detectors (for mass spectrometers, see
07.75.+h)
31.70.-f Effects of atomic and molecular interactions on
electronic
structure (see also section 34 Atomic and molecular collision
processes and interactions)
32.80.-t Photon interactions with atoms (see also 42.50.-p Quantum
optics)
33.50.-j Fluorescence and phosphorescence; radiationless
transitions,
quenching (intersystem crossing, internal conversion)
(for energy transfer, see also section 34)
33.80.-b Photon interactions with molecules
(see also 42.50.-p Quantum optics) 34.20.Mq Potential energy
surfaces for collisions
(see also 82.20.Kh Potential energy surfaces for chemical
reactions;
for potential energy surface in electronic structure calculations, see
31.50.-x)
39.25.+k Atom manipulation (scanning probe microscopy, laser
cooling, etc.)
(see also 82.37.Gk STM and AFM manipulations of a single molecule
in physical chemistry and chemical physics; for atom manipulation
in nanofabrication and processing, see 81.16.Ta)
39.30.+w Spectroscopic techniques (see also 78.47.+p Time-resolved
optical
spectroscopies and other ultrafast optical measurements in
condensed matter and 82.53.Kp Coherent spectroscopy of atoms and
molecules in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
41.75.Jv Laser-driven acceleration (see also 52.38.-r
Laser-plasma
interactions in plasma physics)
41.85.-p Beam optics (see also 07.77.Ka Charged-particle beam
sources and
detectors; 29.27.-a Beams in particle accelerators)
41.85.Lc Beam focusing and bending magnets, wiggler magnets, and
quadrupoles
(see also 07.55.Db in instruments; for superconducting magnets, see
84.71.Ba)
42. Optics (for optical properties of gases, see 51.70.+f;
for optical properties of bulk materials and thin films, see
78.20.-e;
for x-ray optics, see 41.50.+h)
42.25.Bs Wave propagation, transmission and absorption
(see also 41.20.Jb in electromagnetism;
for propagation in atmosphere, see 42.68.Ay;
see also 52.40.Db Electromagnetic (nonlaser) radiation interactions with
plasma
and 52.38-r Laser-plasma interactions in plasma physics)
42.50.-p Quantum optics (for lasers, see 42.55.-f and
42.60.-v;
see also 42.65.-k Nonlinear optics; 03.65.-w Quantum
mechanics)
42.50.Dv Nonclassical states of the electromagnetic field,
including
entangled photon states; quantum state engineering and
measurements (see also 03.65.Ud Entanglement and quantum
nonlocality (e.g. EPR paradox, Bell's inequalities, GHZ states,
42.50.Fx Cooperative phenomena in quantum optical systems
42.50.Gy Effects of atomic coherence on propagation, absorption,
and amplification of light;
electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption
42.62.Be Biological and medical applications (see also 87.50.Hj,
87.54.Fj,
87.63.Lk, and 87.80.Cc in biological and medical physics)
42.62.Eh Metrological applications; optical frequency synthesizers
for
precision spectroscopy (see also 06.20.-f Metrology, and 06.30.-k
Measurements common to several branches of physics and astronomy)
42.65.Dr Stimulated Raman scattering; CARS (for Raman lasers, see
42.55.Ye)
42.65.Hw Phase conjugation; photorefractive and Kerr effects
42.65.Jx Beam trapping, self-focusing and defocusing; self-phase
modulation
42.65.Ky Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including
higher-order harmonic generation
(see also 42.79.Nv Optical frequency converters)
42.65.Pc Optical bistability, multistability, and switching,
including local field effects
(see also 42.60.Gd Q-switching; 42.79.Ta Optical computers, logic
elements, interconnects, switches; neural networks)
42.65.Yj Optical parametric oscillators and amplifiers (see also
42.65.Lm
Parametric down conversion and production of entangled photons)
42.68.-w Atmospheric and ocean optics
42.68.Bz Atmospheric turbulence effects (see also 92.60.Ek
Convection,
turbulence, and diffusion in meteorology)
42.68.Ca Spectral absorption by atmospheric gases (see also
94.10.Gb
Absorption and scattering of radiation in physics of the neutral
atmosphere)
42.68.Ge Effects of clouds and water; ice crystal phenomena (see
also 92.60.Jq Water in the atmosphere;
92.60.Nv Cloud physics in meteorology)
42.68.Jg Effects of aerosols (see also 92.60.Mt Particles and
aerosols in meteorology)
42.68.Kh Effects of air pollution (see also 92.60.Sz Air quality
and air pollution in meteorology)
42.68.Mj Scattering, polarization (see also 94.10.Gb Absorption
and
scattering of radiation in physics of the neutral atmosphere)
42.70.-a Optical materials (see also 81.05.-t Specific
materials:
fabrication, treatment, testing and analysis)
42.70.Df Liquid crystals (for structure of liquid crystals, see
61.30.-v)
42.70.Mp Nonlinear optical crystals (see also 77.84.-s
Dielectric,
piezoelectric, and ferroelectric materials)
42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials (for photonic crystal lasers,
see 42.55.Tv)
42.72.-g Optical sources and standards (for lasers, see
42.55.-f;
see also 07.57.Hm in instruments)
42.79.Ls Scanners, image intensifiers, and image converters (see
also 85.60.-q Optoelectronic devices)
42.79.Sz Optical communication systems, multiplexers, and
demultiplexers (for fiber networks, see 42.81.Uv)
42.82.Cr Fabrication techniques; lithography, pattern transfer (see
also 85.40.-e Microelectronics:
LSI, VLSI, ULSI; integrated circuit fabrication technology)
42.88.+h Environmental and radiation effects on optical elements,
devices, and systems
(see also 07.89.+b Environmental effects on instruments)
43.28.+h Aeroacoustics and atmospheric sound (see also 92.60.-e
Meteorology)
43.30.+m Underwater sound (see also 92.10.Vz-in physics of
oceans)
44.10.+i Heat conduction (see also 66.60.+a and 66.70.+f in
transport properties of condensed matter)
45.30.+s General linear dynamical systems (for nonlinear dynamical
systems, see 05.45.-a)
45.70.-n Granular systems (see also 05.65.+b Self-organized
systems)
45.80.+r Control of mechanical systems (see also 46.80.+j
Measurement methods and techniques in
continuum mechanics of solids)
46.15.-x Computational methods in continuum mechanics (see also
02.70.-e
Computational techniques in mathematical methods in physics)
46.40.-f Vibrations and mechanical waves (see also 43.40.+s
Structural acoustics and vibration;
62.30.+d Mechanical and elastic waves; vibrations in mechanical
properties of solids)
46.50.+a Fracture mechanics, fatigue and cracks (see also 62.20.Mk
Fatigue,
brittleness, fracture, and cracks in mechanical properties of
solids)
46.55.+d Tribology and mechanical contacts (see also 81.40.Pq
Friction,
lubrication and wear in materials science; 62.20.Qp Tribology and
hardness in mechanical properties of solids)
46.65.+g Random phenomena and media (see also 05.40.-a in
statistical physics, thermodynamics and
nonlinear dynamical systems)
46.80.+j Measurement methods and techniques in continuum mechanics
of solids (see also 07.10.-h Mechanical instruments, equipment, and
techniques)
47.10.+g General theory (see also 83.10.-y-in rheology)
47.11.+j Computational methods in fluid dynamics (see also
83.85.Pt
Computational fluid dynamics in rheology;
02.70.-c Computational techniques in mathematical methods in
physics)
47.17.+e Mechanical properties of fluids (see also 62.10.+s
Mechanical properties of liquids)
47.27.Te Convection and heat transfer (see also 44.25.+f in heat
transfer)
47.40.-x Compressible flows; shock and detonation phenomena (see
also 28.70.+y Nuclear explosions;
52.35.Tc Shock waves and discontinuities in plasma;
83.60.Uv in rheology; 43.25.Cb, 43.28.Mw and 43.40.Jc in acoustics
appendix)
47.50.+d Non-Newtonian fluid flows (see also 83.50.-v Deformation
and flow)
47.52.+j Chaos (see also 05.45.-a Nonlinear dynamics and nonlinear
dynamical systems; 83.60.Wc Flow instabilities)
47.55.Mh Flows through porous media (for heat transfer in porous
media, see 44.30.+v)
47.75.+f Relativistic fluid dynamics (for astrophysical aspects,
see 95.30.Lz and 95.30.Qd in astronomy)
47.80.+v Instrumentation for fluid dynamics (see also 83.85.-c-in
rheology;
07.30.-t Vacuum apparatus and techniques)
51.10.+y Kinetic and transport theory of gases (see also 05.20.Dd
Kinetic
theory in classical statistical mechanics)
51.30.+i Thermodynamic properties, equations of state (see also
05.70.Ce
Thermodynamic functions and equations of state in thermodynamics)
51.40.+p Acoustical properties (see also 43.28.-g Aeroacoustics and
atmospheric sound in acoustics appendix;
for ultrasonic relaxation in gases, see 43.35.Fj-in acoustics
appendix)
51.50.+v Electrical properties (ionization, breakdown, electron and ion
mobility, etc.)
(see also 52.80.-s Electric discharges in physics of plasmas)
52.25.Gj Fluctuation and chaos phenomena (for plasma turbulence,
see 52.35.Ra;
see also 05.45.-a Nonlinear dynamics and nonlinear dynamical
systems)
52.30.Cv Magnetohydrodynamics (including electron
magnetohydrodynamics)
(see also 47.65.+a in fluid dynamics; for MHD generators, see
52.75.Fk)
52.38.-r Laser-plasma interactions (for plasma production and
heating by laser beams, see 52.50.Jm)
52.38.Kd Laser-plasma acceleration of electrons and ions (see also
41.75.Jv
Laser-driven acceleration in electromagnetism; electron and ion
optics)
52.38.Mf Laser ablation (see also 79.20.Ds, Laser-beam impact
phenomena)
52.75.-d Plasma devices (for ion sources, see 29.25.Lg, Ni;
for plasma sources, see 52.50.Dg)
52.77.Bn Etching and cleaning (see also 81.65.Cf Surface cleaning,
etching,
patterning in surface treatments)
52.80.-s Electric discharges (see also 51.50.+v Electrical
properties of gases;
for plasma reactions including flowing afterglow and electric
discharges,
see 82.33.Xj in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
61. Structure of solids and liquids; crystallography (for surface,
interface, and thin film structure, see section 68)
61.10.Nz X-ray diffraction
61.12.Ex Neutron scattering (including small-angle
scattering)
61.12.Ld Neutron diffraction
61.14.-x Electron diffraction and scattering (for electron
diffractometers, see 07.78.+s)
61.30.-v Liquid crystals (for phase transitions in liquid crystals,
see 64.70.Md;
for liquid crystals as dielectric materials, see 77.84.Nh; for liquid
crystals as optical materials, see 42.70.Df;
for liquid crystal devices, see 42.79.Kt)
61.30.Hn Surface phenomena: alignment, anchoring, anchoring
transitions,
surface-induced layering, surface-induced ordering, wetting,
prewetting transitions, and wetting transitions (see also section
68 Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and low-dimensional systems)
61.41.+e Polymers, elastomers, and plastics (see also 81.05.Lg in
materials science;
for rheology of polymers, see section 83;
for polymer reactions and polymenization, see 82.35.-x in physical
chemistry and chemical physics)
61.43.-j Disordered solids (see also 81.05.Gc, 81.05.Kf, and
81.05.Rm in materials science;
for photoluminescence of disordered solids, see 78.55.Mb and
78.55.Qr)
61.46.+w Nanoscale materials: clusters, nanoparticles, nanotubes,
and nanocrystals
(see also 36.40.-c Atomic and molecular clusters;
for fabrication and characterization of nanoscale materials, see 81.07.-b
in materials science)
61.48.+c Fullerenes and fullerene-related materials (see also
81.05.Tp
Fullerenes and related materials in materials science)
61.50.Ks Crystallographic aspects of phase transformations;
pressure effects
(see also 81.30.Hd in materials science)
61.72.-y Defects and impurities in crystals; microstructure (for
radiation induced defects, see 61.80.-x;
for defects in surfaces, interfaces and thin films, see 68.35.Dv and
68.55.Ln;
see also 85.40.Ry Impurity doping, diffusion and ion implantation
technology)
62. Mechanical and acoustical properties of condensed matter
(for
nonlinear acoustics of solids, see 43.25.Dc-in acoustics appendix;
for mechanical and acoustical properties of interfaces and thin films,
see 68.35.Gy, 68.35.Iv, and 68.60.Bs;
for mechanical properties related to treatment conditions, see 81.40.Jj,
Lm, Np-in material science;
for mechanical and acoustical properties of superconductors, see
74.25.Ld;
for mechanical properties of rocks and minerals, see 91.60.-x)
62.20.Qp Tribology and hardness (see also 46.55.+d Tribology and
mechanical
contacts in continuum mechanics of solids)
62.30.+d Mechanical and elastic waves; vibrations (see also
43.40.+s Structural acoustics and vibration;
46.40.-f Vibrations and mechanical waves in continuum mechanics of
solids)
62.50.+p High-pressure and shock wave effects in solids and
liquids
(for high pressure apparatus and techniques, see 07.35.+k;
for shock wave initiated high-pressure chemistry, see 82.40.Fp)
62.60.+v Acoustical properties of liquids (see also 43.35.+d in
acoustics)
... ... Lattice dynamics, phonons, see section 63
... ... Second sound in quantum fluids, see 67.40.Pm
63. Lattice dynamics (see also 78.30.-j Infrared and Raman
spectra;
for surface and interface vibrations, see 68.35.Ja;
for adsorbate vibrations, see 68.43.Pq)
64.10.+h General theory of equations of state and phase equilibria
(see
also 05.70.Ce Thermodynamic functions and equations of state in
thermodynamics)
64.60.-i General studies of phase transitions (see also
63.70.+h
Statistical mechanics of lattice vibrations and displacive phase
transitions;
for critical phenomena in solid surfaces and interfaces,
and in magnetism, see 68.35.Rh, and 75.40.-s, respectively)
64.70.Kb Solid-solid transitions (see also 61.50.Ks
Crystallographic
aspects of phase transformations; pressure effects; 75.30.Kz and
77.80.Bh for magnetic and ferroelectric transitions,
respectively;
for material science aspects, see 81.30.-t)
65. Thermal properties of condensed matter (see also 05.70.-a
Thermodynamics and section 44 Heat transfer;
for thermodynamic properties of quantum fluids and solids, see section
67;
for thermal properties of thin films, see 68.60.Dv;
for nonelectronic thermal conduction, see 66.60.+a and 66.70.+f;
for thermal properties of rocks and minerals, see 91.60.Ki;
for thermodynamic properties of superconductors, see 74.25.Bt)
66.10.Cb Diffusion and thermal diffusion (for osmosis in
biological
systems, see 82.39.Wj)
67. Quantum fluids and solids; liquid and solid helium (see
also
05.30.-d Quantum statistical mechanics)
68.35. Fx Diffusion; interface formation (see also 66.30.-h
Diffusion in
solids, for diffusion of adsorbates, see 68.43.Jk)
68.35.Np Adhesion (for polymer adhesion, see 82.35.Gh)
68.43.Bc Ab initio calculations of adsorbate structure and
reactions (for
electronic structure of adsorbates, see 73.20.Hb;
for adsorbate reactions, see also 82.65.+r Surface and interface
chemistry;
heterogeneous catalysis at surfaces)
68.47.De Metallic surfaces
68.47.Pe Langmuir-Blodgett films on solids; polymers on
surfaces;
biological molecules on surfaces
68.49.-h Surface characterization by particle-surface scattering
(see also
34.50.Dy Interactions of atoms and molecules with surfaces;
photon and electron emission; neutralization of ions in atomic and
molecular collision processes and interactions)
68.65.-k Low-dimensional, mesoscopic, and nanoscale systems:
structure and
nonelectronic properties (for structure of nanoscale materials, see
61.46.+w;
for magnetic properties of interfaces, see 75.70.Cn;
for superconducting properties, see 74.78.-w;
for optical properties, see 78.67.-n;
for transport properties, see 73.63.-b)
71. Electronic structure of bulk materials (see section 73
for
electronic structure of surfaces, interfaces, low-dimensional
structures, and nanomaterials; for electronic structure of
superconductors, see 74.25.Jb)
71.15.Ap Basis sets (LCAO, plane-wave, APW, etc.) and related
methodology
(scattering methods, ASA, linearized methods, etc.)
71.15.Qe Excited states: methodology (see also 71.10.Li Excited
states and
pairing interactions in model systems)
71.28.+d Narrow-band systems; intermediate-valence solids (for
magnetic
aspects, see 75.20.Hr and 75.30.Mb in magnetic properties and
materials)
71.70.-d Level splitting and interactions (see also 73.20.-r
Surface and
interface electron states; 75.30.Et Exchange and superexchange
interactions)
72. Electronic transport in condensed matter (for electronic
transport
in surfaces, interfaces, and thin films, see section 73;
for electrical properties related to treatment conditions, see
81.40.Rs;
for transport properties of superconductors, see 74.25.Fy)
72.10.Di Scattering by phonons, magnons, and other nonlocalized
excitations
(see also 71.45.-d Collective effects in electronic structure of bulk
materials)
72.15.Gd Galvanomagnetic and other magnetotransport effects (see
also
75.47.-m Magnetotransport phenomena; materials for
magnetotransport)
72.15.Qm Scattering mechanisms and Kondo effect (see also 75.20.Hr
Local
moments in compounds and alloys; Kondo effect, valence
fluctuations, heavy fermions in magnetic properties and materials)
72.20.-i Conductivity phenomena in semiconductors and insulators
(see also
66.70.+f Nonelectronic thermal conduction in solids)
72.25.-b Spin polarized transport (for ballistic magnetoresistance,
see 75.47.Jn;
for spin polarized transport devices, see 85.75.-d)
72.55.+s Magnetoacoustic effects (see also 75.80.+q
Magnetomechanical and
magnetoelectric effects, magnetostriction)
72.80.-r Conductivity of specific materials (for conductivity of
metals and
alloys, see 72.15.-v)
73. Electronic structure and electrical properties of
surfaces,
interfaces, thin films, and low-dimensional structures
(for electronic structure and electrical properties of
superconducting
films and low-dimensional structures, see 74.78.-w;
for computational methodology for electronic structure calculations in
condensed matter, see 71.15.-m)
73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons,
plasmons and
other charge-density excitations) (for collective excitations in
quantum Hall effects, see 73.43.Lp)
73.23.Ad Ballistic transport (see also 75.47.Jn Ballistic
magnetoresistance
in magnetic properties and materials)
73.30.+y Surface double layers, Schottky barriers, and work
functions (see
also 82.45.Mp Thin layers, films, monolayers, membranes in
electrochemistry)
73.43.Qt Magnetoresistance (see also 75.47.-m Magnetotransport
phenomena;
materials for magnetotransport in magnetic properties and
materials)
... ... Optical properties, see 78.66.-w
73.63.-b Electronic transport in nanoscale materials and structures
(see
also 73.23.-b Electronic transport in mesoscopic systems)
74. Superconductivity (for superconducting devices, see
85.25.-j)
74.25.-q Properties of type I and type II superconductors
74.50.+r Tunneling phenomena; point contacts, weak links, Josephson
effects
(for SQUIDs, see 85.25.Dq; for Josephson devices, see 85.25.Cp;
for Josephson junction arrays, see 74.81.Fa)
74.70.-b Superconducting materials (for cuprates see
74.72.-h)
74.70.Ad Metals; alloys and binary compounds (including A15, MgB2,
etc.)
74.72.-h Cuprate superconductors (high-Tc and insulating parent
compounds)
74.72.Jt Other cuprates, including Tl and Hg-based cuprates
75. Magnetic properties and materials (for magnetic properties
related
to treatment conditions, see 81.40.Rs; for magnetic properties of
superconductors, see 74.25.Ha; for magnetic properties of rocks
and minerals, see 91.60.Pn)
75.10.-b General theory and models of magnetic ordering (see also
05.50.+q
Lattice theory and statistics)
75.25.+z Spin arrangements in magnetically ordered materials
(including
neutron and spin-polarized electron studies, synchrotron-source
x-ray scattering, etc.) (for devices exploiting spin polarized
transport, see 85.75.-d)
75.30.-m Intrinsic properties of magnetically ordered materials
(for
critical point effects, see 75.40.-s)
75.30.Ds Spin waves (for spin-wave resonance, see 76.50.+g)
75.30.Mb Valence fluctuation, Kondo lattice, and heavy-fermion
phenomena
(see also 71.27.-a Strongly correlated electron systems, heavy
fermions)
75.40.-s Critical-point effects, specific heats, short-range order
(see
also 65.40.-b Heat capacities of solids)
75.50.Ss Magnetic recording materials (see also 85.70.-w Magnetic
devices)
75.70.Cn Magnetic properties of interfaces (multilayers,
superlattices,
heterostructures)
76.30.-v Electron paramagnetic resonance and relaxation (see also
33.35.+r
Electron resonance and relaxation in atomic and molecular physics)
76.60.-k Nuclear magnetic resonance and relaxation (see also
33.25.+k
Nuclear resonance and relaxation in atomic and molecular physics
and 82.56.-b Nuclear magnetic resonance in physical chemistry and
chemical physics)
76.60.Pc NMR imaging (for medical NMR imaging, see 87.61.-c)
76.70.-r Magnetic double resonances and cross effects (see also
33.40.+f
Multiple resonances in atomic and molecular physics)
76.80.+y Mossbauer effect; other gamma-ray spectroscopy (see also
33.45.+x
Mossbauer spectra-in atomic and molecular physics)
77. Dielectrics, piezoelectrics, and ferroelectrics and their
properties
(for conductivity phenomena, see 72.20.-i and 72.80.-r;
for dielectric properties related to treatment conditions, see
81.40.Tv)
77.84.Nh Liquids, emulsions, and suspensions; liquid crystals
(for
structure of liquid crystals, see 61.30.-v)
78.20.-e Optical properties of bulk materials and thin films (for
optical
properties related to materials treatment, see 81.40.Tv;
for optical materials, see 42.70-a;
for optical properties of superconductors, see 74.25.Gs;
for optical properties of rocks and minerals, see 91.60.Mk)
78.30.-j Infrared and Raman spectra (for vibrational states in
crystals and
disordered systems, see 63.20.-e and 63.50.+x respectively)
78.35.+c Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering; other light scattering
(for
Raman scattering, see 78.30.-j)
78.40.-q Absorption and reflection spectra: visible and ultraviolet
(for
infrared spectra, see 78.30.-j)
78.45.+h Stimulated emission (see also 42.55.-f Lasers)
78.55.-m Photoluminescence, properties and materials
78.60.Ps Chemiluminescence (see also 42.55.Ks Chemical
lasers)
78.66.-w Optical properties of specific thin films (for optical
properties
of low-dimensional, mesoscopic, and nanoscale materials, see
78.67.-n; for optical properties of surfaces, see 78.68.+m)
78.67.-n Optical properties of low-dimensional, mesoscopic, and
nanoscale
materials and structures
78.70.Bj Positron annihilation (for positron states, see 71.60.+z
in
electronic structure of bulk materials; for positronium chemistry,
see 82.30.Gg in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
81.05.Cy Elemental semiconductors (for semiconductors in
electrochemistry, see 82.45.Vp)
81.05.Je Ceramics and refractories (including borides, carbides,
hydrides,
nitrides, oxides, and silicides) (for ceramics in electrochemistry, see
82.45.Yz)
81.05.Lg Polymers and plastics; rubber; synthetic and natural
fibers;
organometallic and organic materials (for polymers and organic
materials in electrochemistry, see 82.45.Wx)
81.05.Rm Porous materials; granular materials (for granular
superconductors, see 74.81.Bd)
81.07.-b Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and
characterization (for nanostructured materials in
electrochemistry, see 82.45.Yz; for nanoparticles in polymers, see
82.35.Np in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
81.10.-h Methods of crystal growth; physics of crystal growth (for
crystal
structure, see section 61)
81.15.-z Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth
and
epitaxy (for structure of thin films, see 68.55.-a; see also
85.40.Sz Deposition technology in microelectronics)
81.15.Jj Ion and electron beam-assisted deposition; ion plating
(see also
52.77.Dq Plasma-based ion implantation and deposition in physics of
plasmas)
81.16.-c Methods of nanofabrication and processing (for femtosecond
probing
of semiconductor nanostructures, see 82.53.Mj in physical chemistry and
chemical physics)
81.16.Be Chemical synthesis methods (for electrochemical synthesis,
see 82.45.Aa)
81.16.Ta Atom manipulation (see also 82.37.Gk STM and AFM
manipulation of a
single molecule in physical chemistry and chemical physics;
39.25.+k Atom manipulation in atomic and molecular physics)
81.20.-n Methods of materials synthesis and materials processing
(for ion
implantation and doping, see 61.72.Tt, Vv, and Ww)
81.20.Ka Chemical synthesis; combustion synthesis (for
electrochemical synthesis, see 82.45.Aa)
81.30.-t Phase diagrams and microstructures developed by
solidification and
solid-solid phase transformations (see also 64.70.Kb Solid-solid
transitions)
81.30.Mh Solid-phase precipitation (see also 64.75.+g
Solubility,
segregation, and mixing; phase separation)
81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep (see also 83.50.-v
Deformation
and flow in rheology)
81.65.-b Surface treatments (see also 85.40.-e Microelectronics:
LSI, VLSI,
ULSI; integrated circuit fabrication technology)
81.65.Cf Surface cleaning, etching, patterning (see also 52.77.Bn
Etching
and cleaning in physics of plasmas)
81.65.Kn Corrosion protection (see also 82.45.Bb Corrosion and
passivation
in electrochemistry)
81.65.Rv Passivation (see also 82.45.Bb Corrosion and passivation
in electrochemistry)
81.70.-q Methods of materials testing and analysis (for specific
chemical
analysis methods, see 82.80.-d)
82.20.Bc State selected dynamics and product distribution (see
also
34.50.Pi State-to-state scattering analyses in scattering of atoms and
molecules)
82 Chemstry of MOCVD and other vapor deposition methods (for
methods
of vapor deposition of films and coatings, see 81.15.Gh, Kk in materials
science)
82.20.Kh Potential energy surfaces for chemical reactions (for
potential energy surfaces for
collisions, see 34.20.Mq in atomic and molecular collisions and
interactions)
82.30.Fi Ion-molecule, ion-ion, and charge-transfer reactions (see
also
34.70.+e Charge transfer in atomic and molecular collisions)
... ... Charge transfer in enzymes, see 82.39.Jn/82.65.+r
82.30.Gg Positronium chemistry (see also 36.10.Dr Positronium,
muonium,
muonic atoms and molecules in atomic and molecular physics;
78.70.Bj Positron annihilation in interactions of particles and
radiation with matter)
82.33.Fg Reactions in clusters (see also 36.40.Jn Reactivity of
clusters in
atomic and molecular physics)
82.33.Ya Chemistry of MOCVD and other vapor deposition methods (for
methods of
vapor deposition of films and coatings, see 81.15.Gh, Kk in materials
science)
82.35.-x Polymers: properties; reactions; polymerization (for
polymers in electrochemistry, see 82.45.Wx)
82.35.Ej Nonlinear optics with polymers (see also 42.65.-k in
nonlinear optics)
82.35.Gh Polymers on surfaces; adhesion (see also 68.35.Np Adhesion
in surfaces and interfaces)
82.35.Np Nanoparticles in polymers (see also 81.07.-b Nanoscale
materials
and structures: fabrication and characterization)
82.35.Pq Biopolymers, biopolymerization (see also 87.15.Rn
Reactions and
kinetics; polymerization in biological and medical physics)
82.37.Gk STM and AFM manipulations of a single molecule (for
atom
manipulation see 39.25.+k in atomic and molecular physics;
see also 81.16.Ta Atom manipulation in methods of nanofabrication and
processing)
82.39.-k Chemical kinetics in biological systems (see also
87.15.Rn
Reactions and kinetics; polymerization in biological and medical
physics, and 82.45.Tv Bioelectrochemistry)
82.40.Ck Pattern formation in reactions with diffusion, flow and
heat
transfer (see also 47.54.+r Pattern selection; pattern formation
and 47.32.Cc Vortex dynamics in fluid dynamics)
82.45.Fk Electrodes
82.45.Jn Surface structure, reactivity and catalysis (see also
82.65.+r
Surface and interface chemistry; heterogeneous catalysis at
surfaces)
82.45.Mp Thin layers, films, monolayers, membranes (for anodic
films, see
82.45.Cc; for surface double layers, see 73.30.+y in electronic structure
of surfaces)
82.45.Qr Electrodeposition and electrodissolution (see also
81.15.Pq
Electrodeposition, electroplating in materials science)
82.45.Tv Bioelectrochemistry (see also 82.39.-k Chemical kinetics
in biological systems)
82.53.-k Femtochemistry (see also 78.47.+p Time-resolved
optical
spectroscopies and other ultrafast optical measurements in condensed
matter;
42.65.Re Ultrafast processes; optical generation and pulse compression in
nonlinear optics)
82.53.Mj Femtosecond probing of semiconductor nanostructures (see
also
81.16.-c Methods of nanofabrication and processing)
82.53.St Femtochemistry of adsorbed molecules (for adsorbate
structure, see
68.43.Bc, Fg in chemisorption/physisorption: adsorbates on
surfaces)
82.56.-b Nuclear magnetic resonance (see also 33.25.+k Nuclear
resonance
and relaxation in atomic and molecular physics;
76.60.-k Nuclear magnetic resonance and relaxation;
76.70.-r Magnetic double resonances and cross effects in condensed
matter)
82.60.Nh Thermodynamics of nucleation (see also 64.60.Qb Nucleation
in
equations of state, phase equilibria and phase transitions)
82.65.+r Surface and interface chemistry; heterogeneous catalysis
at
surfaces (for temporal and spatial patterns in surface reactions, see
82.40.Np;
see also 82.45.Jn Surface structure, reactivity and catalysis in
electrochemistry)
... ... Chemisorption/physisorption: adsorbates on surfaces, see
68.43.-h
82.70.-y Disperse systems; complex fluids (see also 82.33.-z reactions
in
various media; for quantum optical phenomena in dispersive media, see
42.50.Nn)
82.70.Uv Surfactants, micellar solutions, vesicles, lamellae,
amphiphilic systems,
(hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions) (see also 82.30.Rs Hydrogen
bonding, hydrophilic effects in specific chemical reactions)
... ... Nanoscale materials and structures, see 81.07.-b
... ... Preparation and assembly of nanostructures, see 81.16.-c
... ... Phase transitions of nanostructures, see 64.70.Nd
... ... Spectroscopy of nanostructures, see 78.67.-n
82.80.-d Chemical analysis and related physical methods of analysis
(for
related instrumentation, see section 07;
for chemical analysis techniques in biophysics, see 87.64.-t)
82.80.Fk Electrochemical methods (see also 82.45.Rr
Electroanalytical
chemistry; for electrochemical sensors, see 82.47.Rs)
83. Rheology (see also section 47 Fluid dynamics)
83.50.Lh Slip boundary effects (interfacial and free surface
flows)
(see also 47.45.Gx Slip flows in fluid dynamics)
83.80.-k Material type (see also 82.70.-y Disperse systems;
complex fluids and 82.35.-x Polymers: properties; reactions;
polymerization in
physical chemistry and chemical physics)
83.85.Pt Computational fluid dynamics (see also 02.70.-c-in
mathematical
methods in physics; 47.11.+j Computational methods in fluid
dynamics)
84.30.-r Electronic circuits (for integrated circuits, see
85.40.-e, for
microwave circuits, see 84.40.Dc)
84.30.Jc Power electronics; power supply circuits (see also
84.70.+p High-current and high-voltage technology;
for superconducting high-power technology, see 84.71.-b)
84.32.-y Passive circuit components (see also 07.50.+q Electrical
and
electronic components, instruments, and techniques)
84.32.Tt Capacitors (for electrochemical capacitors and
supercapacitors, see 82.47.Uv)
84.40.Ua Telecommunications: signal transmission and processing;
communication satellites
(for optical communications, see 42.79.Sz in optics)
84.47.+w Vacuum tubes (see also 85.45.-w Vacuum
microelectronics)
... ... Phototubes, see 85.60.Ha
... ... Microwave tubes, see 84.40.Fe
84.60.-h Direct energy conversion and storage (see also 89.30.-g
Energy resources;
for electrochemical conversion, see 82.47.-a)
84.60.Jt Photoelectric conversion: solar cells and arrays (for
solar
collectors and concentrators, see 42.79.Ek in optics)
84.70.+p High-current and high-voltage technology: power systems;
power transmission lines and cables
(for superconducting cables, see 84.71.Fk)
85.25.Hv Superconducting logic elements and memory devices;
microelectronic circuits
85.30.-z Semiconductor devices (for photodiodes, phototransistors,
and photoresistors, see 85.60.Dw;
for laser diodes, see 42.55.Px)
85.40.-e Microelectronics: LSI, VLSI, ULSI; integrated circuit
fabrication
technology (see also 85.45.-w Vacuum microelectronics)
... ... Microwave integrated electronics, see 84.40.Lj
... ... Integrated optics, see 42.82.-m
... ... Superconducting logic elements and memory devices;
microelectronic
... circuits, see 85.25.Hv
85.60.-q Optoelectronic devices (see also 42.79.-e Optical
elements, devices and systems)
85.60.Gz Photodetectors (including infrared and CCD detectors)
(for
superconducting infrared detectors, see 85.25.Pb;
for superconducting optical, x-ray and gamma-ray detectors, see 85.25.Oj;
see also 07.57.Kp in instruments)
85.60.Pg Display systems (for field emission display, see
85.45.Fd;
for optical display devices, see 42.79.Kr;
for electrochemical displays, see 82.47.Tp;
see also 07.07.Hj Display and recording equipment, oscilloscopes, TV
cameras, etc.)
85.70.Rp Magnetic levitation, propulsion and control devices
(for
superconducting-magnetic levitation devices, see 84.71.Ba)
85.75.-d Magnetoelectronics; spintronics: devices exploiting spin
polarized
transport or integrated magnetic fields
85.80.-b Thermoelectromagnetic and other devices (for
acoustoelectric
devices, see 43.38.-p-in acoustics appendix; for electrochemical devices,
see 82.47.-a)
87.16.Nn Motor proteins (myosin, kinesin dynein)
87.64.-t Spectroscopic and microscopic techniques in biophysics and
medical
physics (for spectrometers, see section 07 Instruments, apparatus,
and components common to several branches of physics and astronomy)
89.20.Kk Engineering (for electrochemical engineering, see
82.47.Wx)
89.65.-s Social and economic systems
89.65.Gh Economics; econophysics, financial markets, business and
management
89.70.+c Information theory and communication theory (for
telecommunications, see 84.40.Ua; for optical communications, see
42.79.Sz)
91.40.Dr Atmospheric effects (see also 92.60.Mt Particles and
aerosols in Meteorology)
91.60.-x Physical properties of rocks and minerals (for
rheological
properties of geological materials, see 83.80.Nb)
91.60.Pn Magnetic and electric properties; environmental
magnetism
92.10.Vz Underwater sound (see also 43.30.+m in acoustics)
92.60.-e Meteorology (see also 43.28.+h Aeroacoustics and
atmospheric sound;
42.68.-w Atmospheric optics; 94.10.Dy Atmospheric structure, pressure,
density, and temperature)
92.60.Mt Particles and aerosols (see also 94.20.-y Physics of the
ionosphere)
92.70.-j Global change (see also 92.60.-e Meteorology)
94.10.-s Physics of the neutral atmosphere (for atmospheres of the
planets, see 96.35.Hv)
94.10.Dy Atmospheric structure, pressure, density, and
temperature
(stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere) (see also
92.60.-e Meteorology and 92.70.-j Global change)
94.20.-y Physics of the ionosphere (for ionospheres of the planets,
see 96.35.Kx;
for radiowave propagation, see 41.20.Jb in electromagnetism;
see also section 52 Physics of plasmas and electric discharges)
94.30.-d Physics of the magnetosphere (for magnetospheres of the
planets,
see 96.35.Kx; for radiowave propagation, see 41.20.Jb in
electromagnetism;
see also section 52 Physics of plasmas and electric discharges)
94.30.Va Magnetosheath; interaction with interplanetary space
(including
solar wind) (for cosmic-ray interactions, see 13.85.Tp in elementary
particle physics;
see also 96.40.-z Cosmic rays in Astronomy)
94.80.+g Instrumentation for aeronomy and magnetospheric studies
(see also
95.55.-n Astronomical and space-research instrumentation in
astronomy;
07.87.+v spaceborne and space research instruments, apparatus, and
components in instruments)
95.30.Cq Elementary particle processes (see also section 26 Nuclear
astrophysics)
95.30.Dr Atomic processes and interactions (see also section 32
Atomic
properties and interactions with photons; section 34 Atomic and
molecular collision processes and interactions)
95.30.Ft Molecular and chemical processes and interactions (see
also
section 33 Molecular properties and interactions with photons;
section 34 Atomic and molecular collision processes and
interactions)
95.30.Ky Atomic and molecular data, spectra, and spectral
parameters
(opacities, rotation constants, line identification, oscillator
strengths, gf values, transition probabilities, etc.) (see also
32.10.-f, 32.30.-r, 32.70.-n, 33.15.-e, 33.20.-t, and 33.70.-w in atomic
and molecular physics)
95.30.Sf Relativity and gravitation (see also section 04 General
relativity
and gravitation; 98.80.Jk Mathematical and relativistic aspects of
cosmology)
95.40.+s Artificial Earth satellites (for lunar and planetary
probes, see
95.55.Pe; see also 07.87.+v in instruments, apparatus, and
components common to several branches of physics and astronomy)
95.55.-n Astronomical and space-research instrumentation (see also
94.80.+g
Instrumentation for aeronomy and magnetospheric studies;
07.87.+v Spaceborne and space research instruments, apparatus, and
components)
95.55.Rg Photoconductors and bolometers (see also 07.57.Kp
Bolometers, infrared submillimeter wave,
microwave, and radiowave receivers and detectors in instruments)
95.75.Qr Adaptive and segmented optics (see also 42.68.Wt Remote
sensing;
LIDAR and adaptive systems in atmospheric optics)
95.75.Tv Digitization techniques (see also 07.05.Pj Image
processing in instruments)
96. Solar System (for the Earth, see sections 91-94)
96.35.-j Planetary, asteroid, cometary, and satellite
characteristics and
properties (see also 97.82.-j for extrasolar planetary systems)
96.40.-z Cosmic rays (for cosmic rays outside the Solar System, see
98.70.Sa;
for cosmic-ray interactions, see 13.85.Tp in hadron-induced high- and
super high-energy interactions)
96.50.Bh Solar and interplanetary electric and magnetic fields
(including solar wind fields)
96.60.Vg Particle radiation, solar wind, and solar neutrinos (see
also 96.50.Ci
Solar wind plasma and 96.50.Ek Solar wind interactions with planets,
satellites, and comets;
see also 26.65.+t Solar neutrinos in nuclear astrophysics)
97.21.+a Pre-main sequence objects, young stellar objects (YSO's)
and protostars
(T Tauri stars, Orion population, Herbig-Haro objects, Bok globules,
bipolar outflows, cometary nebulae, etc.)
(see also 98.38.Fs and 98.58.Fd Jets, outflows and bipolar flows in the
Milky Way and external galaxies,respectively)
97.60.-s Late stages of stellar evolution (including black holes)
(see also 04.40.Dg
Relativistic stars in general relativity and gravitation)
97.60.Jd Neutron stars (see also 26.60.+c Nuclear matter aspects of
neutron stars in nuclear physics)
98.38.Fs Jets, outflows, and bipolar flows (for pre-main sequence
objects, see 97.21.+a)
98.54.Aj Quasars (for quasar absorption and emission-line systems;
Lyman forest, see 98.62.Ra)
98.58.Fd Jets, outflows and bipolar flows (for pre-main sequence
objects, see 97.21.+a)
98.62.-g Characteristics and properties of external galaxies and
extragalactic objects (for the Milky Way, see 98.35.-a)
98.62.Ra Intergalactic matter; quasar absorption and emission-line
systems;
Lyman forest (for quasars, see 98.54.Aj; for intracluster matter see
98.65.Hb)
98.62.Sb Gravitational lenses and luminous arcs (see also 95.30.Sf
Relativity and gravitation in
fundamental aspects of astrophysics and section 04 General relativity and
gravitation)
98.70.-f Unidentified sources of radiation outside the Solar
System
98.80.-k Cosmology (see also section 04 General relativity and
gravitation;
for origin and evolution of galaxies, see 98.62.Ai;
for elementary particle and nuclear processes, see 95.30.Cq;
for dark matter, see 95.35.+d;
for superclusters and large-scale structure of the Universe, see
98.65.Dx)
98.80.Cq Particle-theory and field-theory models of the early
Universe
(including cosmic pancakes, cosmic strings, chaotic phenomena,
inflationary universe, etc.)
(see also 11.25.-w Strings and branes, and 11.10.-z in general theory of
fields and particles)
98.80.Ft Origin, formation, and abundances of the elements (see
also
26.35.+c Big Bang nucleosynthesis in nuclear astrophysics)
