New and Modified PACS Categories for 2001

New Categories

02.10.Ab   Logic and set theory
02.10.De   Algebraic structures and number theory
02.10.Hh   Rings and algebras
02.10.Kn   Knot theory
02.10.Ud   Linear algebra
02.10.Xm   Multilinear algebra
02.10.Yn   Matrix theory
02.20.Bb   General structures of groups
02.20.Uw   Quantum groups
02.30.Ik   Integrable systems
02.30.Oz   Bifurcation theory (see also 47.20.Ky in fluid dynamics)
02.30.Uu   Integral transforms
02.30.Vv   Operational calculus
02.30.Xx   Calculus of variations
02.30.Yy   Control theory
02.30.Zz   Inverse problems
02.40.Gh   Noncommutative geometry
02.40.Tt   Complex manifolds
02.40.Xx   Singularity theory (see also 05.45.-a in statistical physics, thermodynamics, and nonlinear dynamical systems)
02.40.Yy   Geometric mechanics (see also 45.20.Jj in formalisms in classical mechanics)
02.50.Tt   Inference methods
02.70.Rr   General statistical methods
02.70.Ss   Quantum Monte Carlo methods
02.70.Tt   Justifications or modifications of Monte Carlo methods
02.70.Uu   Applications of Monte Carlo methods (see also 02.50.Ng and 05.10.Ln in statistical physics)
03.65.Ta   Foundations of quantum mechanics; measurement theory
03.65.Ud   Entanglement and quantum nonlocality (e.g. EPR paradox, Bell's inequalities, GHZ states, etc.)
03.65.Vf   Phases: geometric; dynamic or topological
03.65.Wj   State reconstruction, quantum tomography
03.65.Xp   Tunneling, traversal time, quantum Zeno dynamics
03.65.Yz   Decoherence; open systems; quantum statistical methods
31.50.-x   Potential energy surfaces (for potential energy surfaces for chemical reactions, see 82.20.Kh; for collisions, see 34.20.Mq)
31.50.Bc   Potential energy surfaces for ground electronic states
31.50.Df   Potential energy surfaces for excited electronic states
31.50.Gh   Surface crossings, non-adiabatic couplings
39.25.+k   Atom manipulation (scanning probe microscopy,lasercooling, etc.) (see also 82.37.Gk STM and AFM manipulations of a single molecule in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
47.85.-g   Applied fluid mechanics
47.85.Dh   Hydrodynamics, hydraulics,hydrostatics
47.85.Gj   Aerodynamics
47.85.Kn   Hydraulic and pneumatic machinery
47.85.Np   Fluidics
52.25.Os   Emission, absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation
52.25.Xz   Magnetized plasmas
52.27.-h   Basic studies of specific kinds of plasmas
52.27.Aj   Single-component, electron-positive-ion plasmas
52.27.Cm   Multicomponent and negative-ion plasmas
52.27.Ep   Electron-positron plasmas
52.27.Gr   Strongly-coupled plasmas
52.27.Jt   Nonneutral plasmas
52.27.Lw   Dusty or complex plasmas; plasma crystals
52.27.Ny   Relativistic plasmas
52.30.Cv   Magnetohydrodynamics (including electron magnetohydrodynamics)(see also 47.65 in fluid dynamics; for MHD generators, see 52.75.Fk)
52.30.Ex   Two-fluid and multi-fluid plasmas
52.30.Gz   Gyrokinetics
52.35.Vd   Magnetic reconnection
52.35.We   Plasma vorticity
52.38.-r   Laser-plasma interactions(for plasma production and heating by laser beams see 52.50.Jm)
52.38.Bv   Rayleigh scattering; stimulated Brillouin and Raman scattering
52.38.Dx   Laser light absorption in plasmas (collisional, parametric, etc.)
52.38.Fz   Laser-induced magnetic fields in plasmas
52.38.Hb   Self-focussing, channeling,and filamentation in plasmas
52.38.Kd   Laser-plasma acceleration of electrons and ions (see also 41.75.Jv in electromagnetism; electron and ion optics)
52.38.Mf   Laser ablation (see also 79.20.Ds in impact phenomena)
52.38.Ph   X-ray, gamma-ray and particle generation
52.40.Kh   Plasma sheaths
52.50.Nr   Plasma heating by DC fields;ohmic heating, arcs
52.50.Qt   Plasma heating by radio-frequency fields; ICR, ICP, helicons
52.50.Sw   Plasma heating by microwaves; ECR, LH, collisional heating
52.55.Ip   Spheromaks
52.55.Rk   Power exhaust; Divertors
52.55.Tn   Ideal and resistive MHD modes;kinetic modes
52.55.Wq   Current drive; helicity injection
52.57.-z   Laser inertial confinement
52.57.Bc   Target design and fabrication
52.57.Fg   Implosion symmetry and hydrodynamic instability (Rayleigh-Taylor,Richtmyer-Meshkov, imprint, etc.)
52.57.Kk   Fast ignition of compressed fusion fuels
52.58.Lq   Z-pinches, plasma focus and other pinch devices
52.59.-f   Intense particle beams and radiation sources (see also 29.25.-t and 29.27.-a in instrumentation for particle and nuclear physics)
52.59.Bi   Grid- and ion-diode-accelerated beams
52.59.Dk   Magneto-plasma accelerated plasmas
52.59.Fn   Multistage accelerated heavy-ion beams
52.59.Hq   Dense plasma focus
52.59.Mv   High-voltage diodes (for high-currentand high-voltage technology, see 84.70.+p)
52.59.Px   Hard X-ray sources
52.59.Qy   Wire array Z-pinches
52.59.Rz   Free-electron devices (for free-electron lasers, see 41.60.Cr)
52.59.Sa   Space-charge-dominated beams
52.59.Tb   Moderate-intensity beams
52.59.Wd   Emittance-dominated beams
52.59.Ye   Plasma devices for generation of coherent radiation
52.65.Vv   Perturbative methods
52.65.Ww   Hybrid methods
52.65.Yy   Molecular dynamics methods
52.72.+v   Laboratory studies of space-and astrophysical-plasma processes (see also 95.30.Qd in fundamental aspects of astrophysics and 94.20.-y and 94.30.-d in aeronomy and magnetospheric physics)
52.75.Xx   Thermionic and filament based sources (e.g., Q machines, double- and triple-plasma devices, etc.)
52.77.-j   Plasma applications
52.77.Bn   Etching and cleaning (see also 81.65.Cf in surface treatments)
52.77.Dq   Plasma-based ion implantation and deposition (see also 81.15.Jj Ion and electron beam-assisted deposition)
52.77.Fv   High-pressure, high-current plasmas (plasma spray, arcwelding, etc.) (see also 81.15.Rs Spray coating techniques)
.....       Chemical synthesis and other applications, see 81.20.Ka
61.30.Dk   Continuum models and theories of liquid crystal structure
61.30.Hn   Surface phenomena: alignment, anchoring, anchoring transitions,surface-induced layering, surface-induced ordering, wetting, prewetting transitions, and wetting transitions
61.30.Mp   Blue phases and otherdefect-phases
61.30.Pq   Microconfined liquid crystals: droplets, cylinders, randomly confined liquid crystals, polymer dispersed liquid crystals, and porous systems (see also section 68 Surfaces, interfaces, thin films and low-dimensional structures)
61.30.St   Lytropic phases
61.30.Vx   Polymer liquid crystals
62.25.+g   Mechanical properties of nanoscale materials
64.70.Nd   Structural transitions in nanoscale materials
65.40.-b   Thermal properties of crystalline solids (for specific heat of superconductors, see 74.25.Bt;for specific heat of magnetic systems, see 75.40.Cx)
65.40.Ba   Heat capacity
65.40.De   Thermal expansion; thermomechanical effects
65.40.Gr   Entropy and other thermodynamical quantities
65.60.+a   Thermal properties of amorphous solids and glasses: heat capacity, thermal expansion, etc.
65.80.+n   Thermal properties of small particles, nanocrystals, nanotubes (see also 82.60.Qr Thermodynamics of nanoparticles in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
66.30.Pa   Diffusion in nanoscale solids
66.30.Xj   Thermal diffusivity
68.03.-g   Gas-liquid and vacuum-liquid interfaces
68.03.Cd   Surface tension and related phenomena
68.03.Fg   Evaporation and condensation
68.03.Hj   Structure, measurements and simulations
68.03.Kn   Dynamics (capillary waves)
68.05.-n   Liquid-liquid interfaces
68.05.Cf   Structure, mesurements and simulations
68.05.Gh   Interfacial properties of microemulsions
68.08.-p   Liquid-solid interfaces
68.08.Bc   Wetting
68.08.De   Structure, measurements and simulations
.....       Crystal growth, biomineralization,see 81.10.Dn, Fq
68.18.-g   Langmuir-Blodgett films on liquids (for L-B films on solids, see 68.47.Pe)
68.18.Fg   Structure: measurements and simulations
68.18.Jk   Phase transitions
68.35.Af   Atomic scale friction
68.35.Iv   Acoustical properties
68.35.Np   Adhesion
68.37.-d   Microscopy of surfaces, interfaces, and thin films
68.37.Ef   Scanning tunneling microscopy (including chemistry induced with STM)
68.37.Hk   Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (including EBIC)
68.37.Lp   Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (including STEM, HRTEM, etc.)
68.37.Nq   Low energy electron microscopy (LEEM)
68.37.Ps   Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
68.37.Rt   Magnetic force microscopy (MFM)
68.37.Tj   Acoustic force microscopy
68.37.Uv   Near-field scanning microscopy and spectroscopy
68.37.Vj   Field emission and field-ion microscopy
68.37.Xy   Scanning Auger microscopy, photoelectron microscopy
68.37.Yz   X-ray microscopy
68.43.-h   Chemisorption/physisorption: adsorbates on surfaces
68.43.Bc   Ab initio calculations of adsorbate structure and reactions (see also 81.65.Mq Oxidation)
68.43.De   Statistical mechanics of adsorbates
68.43.Fg   Adsorbate structure (binding sites, geometry)
68.43.Hn   Structure of assemblies of adsorbates (two- and three-dimensional clustering)
68.43.Jk   Diffusion of adsorbates, kinetics of coarsening and aggregation
68.43.Mn   Adsorption/desorption kinetics
68.43.Pq   Adsorbate vibrations
68.43.Rs   Electron stimulated desorption
68.43.Tj   Photon stimulated desorption
68.43.Vx   Thermal desorption
68.47.-b   Solid-gas/vacuum interfaces: types of surfaces
68.47.De   Metallic surfaces and metal alloys
68.47.Gh   Oxide surfaces
68.47.Jn   Clusters on oxide surfaces
68.47.Mn   Polymer surfaces
68.47.Pe   Langmuir-Blodgett films on solids, polymers on surfaces, biological molecules on surfaces
68.49.-h   Surface characterization by particle-surface scattering
68.49.Bc   Atom scattering from surfaces (diffraction and energy transfer)
68.49.Df   Molecule scattering from surfaces (energy transfer, resonances, trapping)
68.49.Fg   Cluster scattering from surfaces
68.49.Jk   Electron scattering from surfaces
68.49.Sf   Ion scattering from surfaces (charge transfer, sputtering, SIMS)
68.49.Uv   X-ray standing waves
.....       Surface and interface electronstates, see section 73.20.-i
.....       Electronic structure of adsorbates, see 73.20.Hb
.....       Vibrational spectroscopy (IR,Raman, ATR), see 78.30.-j
.....       Electron spectroscopy(EELS, Auger, metastable quenching spectroscopy)see 79.20.-m
.....       Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and UPS), see 79.60.-i
.....       Nonlinear spectroscopy (second harmonic, sum frequency generation etc.), see 42.65.Ky
.....       Electron diffraction (LEED, RHEED)see 61.14.-x
.....       Surface enhanced spectroscopy, plasmons,see 73.20.Mf
.....       Near-field spectroscopy, see 68.37.Uv
68.55.Ac   Nucleation and growth: microscopic aspects
68.65.-k   Low-dimensional, mesoscopic, and nanoscale systems: structure and nonelectronic properties (for structure of nanoscale materials, see 61.46.+w)
.....       Growth of low-dimensional structures, see 81.16.-c
68.65.Ac   Multilayers
68.65.Cd   Superlattices
68.65.Fg   Quantum wells
68.66.Hb   Quantum dots
68.66.La   Quantum wires
71.15.Dx   Computational methodology (Brillouin zone sampling, iterative diagonalization, pseudopotential construction)
71.15.Qe   Excited states: methodology (see also 71.10.Li)
71.38.-k   Polarons and electron-phonon interactions (see also 63.20.Kr Phonon-electron interactions in lattices)
71.38.Cn   Mass renormalization in metals
71.38.Fp   Large or Fröhlichpolarons
71.38.Ht   Self-trapped or small polarons
71.38.Mx   Bipolarons
72.25.-b   Spin polarized transport
72.25.Ba   Spin polarized transport in metals
72.25.Dc   Spin polarized transport in semiconductors
72.25.Fe   Optical creation of spin polarized carriers
72.25.Hg   Electrical injection of spin polarized carriers
72.25.Mk   Spin transport through interfaces
72.25.Pn   Current-driven spin pumping
72.25.Rb   Spin relaxation and scattering
73.20.Qt   Electron solids
73.21.-b   Electron states and collective excitations in multilayers, quantum wells, mesoscopic, and nanoscale systems (for electron states in nanoscale materials, see 73.22.-f)
73.21.Ac   Multilayers
73.21.Cd   Superlattices
73.21.Fg   Quantum wells
73.21.Hb   Quantum wires
73.21.La   Quantum dots
73.22.-f   Electronic structure of nanoscale materials: clusters, nanoparticles, nanotubes, and nanocrystals
73.22.Dj   Single particle states
73.22.Gk   Broken symmetry phases
73.22.Lp   Collective excitations
73.43.-f   Quantum Hall effects
73.43.Cd   Theory and modeling
73.43.Fj   Novel experimental methods; measurements
73.43.Jn   Tunneling
73.43.Lp   Collective excitations
73.43.Nq   Quantum phase transitions
73.43.Qt   Magnetoresistance
73.63.-b   Electronic transport in mesoscopic or nanoscale materials and structures
73.63.Bd   Nanocrystalline materials
73.63.Fg   Nanotubes
73.63.Hs   Quantum wells
73.63.Kv   Quantum dots
73.63.Nm   Quantum wires
73.63.Rt   Nanoscale contacts
74.20.Rp   Pairing symmetries(other than s-wave)
74.70.Pq   Ruthenates
75.60.Jk   Magnetization reversal mechanisms
75.70.Rf   Surface magnetism
75.75.+a   Magnetic properties of nanostructures
78.67.-n   Optical properties of nanoscale materials and structures
78.67.Bf   Nanocrystals and nanoparticles
78.67.Ch   Nanotubes
78.67.De   Quantum wells
78.67.Hc   Quantum dots
78.67.Lt   Quantum wires
78.68.+m   Optical properties of surfaces
79.20.Uv   Electron energy loss spectroscopy (see also 82.80.Pv Electron spectroscopy in physical chemistry and chemical physics; 34.80.-i Electron scattering in atomic and molecular physics)
81.05.Uw   Carbon, diamond, graphite
81.07.-b   Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization
81.07.Bc   Nanocrystalline materials
81.07.De   Nanotubes
81.07.Lk   Nanocontacts
81.07.Nb   Molecular nanostructures
81.07.Pr   Organic-inorganic hybrid nanostructures
81.07.St   Quantum wells
81.07.Ta   Quantum dots
81.07.Vb   Quantum wires
81.07.Wx   Nanopowders
81.16.-c   Methods of nanofabrication and processing
81.16.Be   Chemical synthesis methods
81.16.Dn   Self-assembly
81.16.Fg   Supramolecular and biochemical assembly
81.16.Hc   Catalytic methods
81.16.Mk   Laser-assisted deposition
81.16.Nd   Nanolithography
81.16.Pr   Nanooxidation (see also 82.37.Np Single molecule reaction kinetics in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
81.16.Rf   Nanoscale pattern formation
81.16.Ta   Atom manipulation (see also 82.37.Gk STM and AFM manipulation of a single moleculare in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
82.20.Bc   State selected dynamics and product distribution
82.20.Ej   Quantum theory of reaction cross section
82.20.Gk   Electronically non-adiabatic reactions
82.20.Ln   Semiclassical theory of reactions and/or energy transfer
82.20.Nk   Classical theories of reactions and/or energy transfer
82.20.Sb   Correlation function theory of rate constants and its applications
82.20.Uv   Stochastic theories of rate constants
82.20.Xr   Quantum effects in rate constants (tunneling, resonances, etc.)
82.20.Yn   Solvent effects on reactivity
82.30.Gg   Positronium chemistry
82.30.Rs   Hydrogen bonding, hydrophilic effects
82.33.-z   Reactions in various media
82.33.De   Reactions in supercritical fluids
82.33.Fg   Reactions in clusters (see also 36.40.Jn in atomic and molecular physics)
82.33.Hk   Reactions on clusters
82.33.Jx   Reactions in zeolites
82.33.Ln   Reactions in sol gels, aerogels, porous media
82.33.Nq   Reactions in micells
82.33.Pt   Solid state chemistry
.....       Biologically important reactions, see 82.39.Rt
82.33.Tb   Atmospheric chemistry (see also 92.60.Hp and 94.10.Fain geophysics)
82.33.Vx   Reactions in flames, combustion, and explosions
82.33.Xj   Plasma reactions (including flowing afterglow and electric discharges)
82.33.Ya   Chemistry of MOCVD and other vapor deposition methods
82.35.-x   Polymers: properties; reactions; polymerization
82.35.Cd   Conducting polymers
82.35.Ej   Nonlinear optics with polymers (see also 42.65.-k in optics)
82.35.Gh   Polymers on surfaces; adhesion (see also 68.43.-h in surfaces, interfaces, thin films, and low-dimensional structures)
82.35.Jk   Copolymers, phase transitions, structure
82.35.Lr   Physical properties of polymers
82.35.Np   Nanoparticles in polymers
82.35.Pq   Biopolymers, biopolymerization (see also 87.15.Rn in biological and medical physics
82.35.Rs   Polyelectrolytes
.....       Protein properties, folding, see 87.15.Cc in biological and medical physics
.....       Enzymes, see 82.39.Fk
.....       DNA/RNA, see 82.39.Pj
82.37.-j   Single molecule kinetics
82.37.Gk   STM and AFM manipulations of a single molecule
82.37.Np   Single molecule reaction kinetics, dissociation, etc.
82.37.Rs   Single molecule manipulation of proteins and other biological molecules
82.37.Vb   Single molecule photochemistry
82.39.-k   Chemical kinetics in biological systems (see also 87.15.Rn in biological and medical physics)
82.39.Fk   Enzyme kinetics
82.39.Jn   Charge (electron, proton) transfer in biological systems
82.39.Pj   Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA bases
82.39.Rt   Reactions in complex biological systems
82.39.Wj   Ion exchange, dialysis, osmosis, electro-osmosis, membrane processes
82.40.Np   Temporal and spatial patterns in surface reactions
82.40.Qt   Complex chemical systems (for complex biological systems, see 82.39.Rt)
82.45.-h   Electrochemistry and electrophoresis
82.45.Fk   Electrode kinetics
82.45.Jn   Surface structure, reactivity and catalysis
82.45.Mp   Thin layers, films, monolayers
82.45.Qr   Electrodeposition and electrodissolution (see also 81.15.Pq in methods of deposition of films and coatings in materials science)
82.45.Tv   Bioelectrochemistry
82.50.Bc   Processes caused by infrared radiation
82.50.Hp   Processes caused by visible and UV light
82.50.Kx   Processes caused by X-rays or gamma-rays
82.50.Nd   Control of photochemical reactions
82.50.Pt   Multiphoton processes
82.53.-k   Femtochemistry
82.53.Eb   Pump probe studies of photodissociation
82.53.Hn   Pump probe experiments with bound states
82.53.Kp   Coherent spectroscopy of atoms and molecules
82.53.Mj   Femtosecond probing of semiconductor nanostructures
82.53.Ps   Femtosecond probing of biological molecules
82.53.St   Femtochemistry of adsorbed molecules
82.53.Uv   Femtosecond probes of molecules in liquids
82.53.Xa   Femtosecond probes of molecules in solids and of molecular solids
82.56.-b   Nuclear magnetic resonance (see also 33.25.+k in atomic and molecular physics, and 76.60.-k and 76.70.-r in condensed matter)
82.56.Dj   High resolution NMR
82.56.Fk   Multidimensional NMR
82.56.Hg   Multinuclear NMR
82.56.Jn   Pulse sequences in NMR
82.56.Lz   Diffusion
82.56.Na   Relaxation
82.56.Pp   NMR of biomolecules
82.56.Ub   Structure determination with NMR
.....       ENDOR(see 76.70.Dx in condensed matter, and 33.40.+f in atomic and molecular physics)
.....       NMR imaging, see 76.60.Pc in condensed matter
82.60.Qr   Thermodynamics of nanoparticles
.....       Irreversible thermodynamics, nonequilibrium thermodynamics,see 05.70.Ln
82.70.Uv   Surfactants, micellar solutions, vesicles, lamellae, amphiphilic systems, (hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions) (see also 82.30.Rs in specific chemical reactions)
82.75.-z   Molecular sieves, zeolites, clathrates, and other complex solids
82.75.Fq   Synthesis, structure determination, structure modeling
82.75.Jn   Measurements and modeling of molecule migration in zeolites
82.75.Mj   Measurements and simulation of properties (optical, structural) of molecules in zeolites
82.75.Qt   Mechanism and kinetics of catalysis in zeolites (measurements or simulations)
82.75.Vx   Clusters in zeolites
82.80.Dx   Analytical methods involving electronic spectroscopy
82.80.Gk   Analytical methods involving vibrational spectroscopy
82.80.Ha   Analytical methods involving rotational spectroscopy
82.80.Nj   Fourier transform mass spectrometry
82.80.Qx   Ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
82.80.Rt   Time of flight mass spectrometry
83.10.Gr   Constitutive relations
83.10.Kn   Reptation and tube theories
83.10.Mj   Molecular dynamics,Brownian dynamics
83.10.Rs   Computer simulation of molecular and particle dynamics
83.10.Tv   Structural and phase changes
83.50.Ha   Flow in channels
83.50.Rp   Wall slip and apparent slip
83.50.Uv   Material processing (extension, molding, etc)
83.50.Xa   Mixing and blending
83.60.-a   Material behavior
83.60.Bc   Linear viscoelasticity
83.60.Df   Nonlinear viscoelasticity
83.60.Fg   Shear rate dependent viscosity
83.60.Hc   Normal stress differences and their effects (e.g., rod climbing)
83.60.Jk   Extrudate swell
83.60.La   Viscoplasticity; yield stress
83.60.Np   Effects of electric and magnetic fields
83.60.Pq   Time-dependent structure (thixotropy, rheopexy)
83.60.Rs   Shear rate-dependent structure (shear thinning and shear thickening)
83.60.St   Non-isothermal rheology
83.60.Uv   Wave propagation,fracture, and crack healing
83.60.Wc   Flow instabilities
83.60.Yz   Drag reduction
83.80.Ab   Solids: e.g., composites, glasses, semicrystalline polymers
83.80.Fg   Granular solids
83.80.Hj   Suspensions, dispersions, pastes, slurries, colloids
83.80.Iz   Emulsions and foams
83.80.Kn   Physical gels and microgels
83.80.Mc   Other natural materials (e.g., wood and other vegetable materials)
83.80.Qr   Surfactant and micellar systems, associated polymers
83.80.Rs   Polymer solutions
83.80.Sg   Polymer melts
83.80.Tc   Polymer blends
83.80.Uv   Block copolymers
83.80.Va   Elastomeric polymers
83.80.Wx   Filled elastomers
83.80.Xz   Liquid crystals: nematic, cholesteric, smectic, discotic, etc
83.80.Ya   Processed food
83.85.Fg   NMR/magnetic resonance imaging (see also 76.60.Pc NMR imaging in condensed matter)
83.85.Hf   X-ray and neutron scattering
83.85.Rx   Extensional flow measurement
83.85.St   Stress relaxation
83.85.Tz   Creep and/or creep recoil
83.85.Vb   Small amplitude oscillatory shear (dynamic mechanical analysis)
85.25.Oj   Superconducting optical, x-ray, and gamma-ray detectors (SIS, NIS, transition edge)
85.35.-p   Nanoelectronic devices
85.35.Be   Quantum well devices (quantum dots, quantum wires, etc.)
85.35.Ds   Quantum interference devices
85.35.Gv   Single electron devices
85.35.Kt   Nanotube devices
85.50.-n   Dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric devices
85.50.Gk   Non-volatile ferroelectric memories
85.70.Xy   Magnetoelectronic devices
85.75.-d   Magnetoelectronics: devices exploiting spin polarized transport or integrated magnetic fields
85.75.Bb   Magnetic memory using giant magnetoresistance
85.75.Dd   Magnetic memory using magnetic tunnel junctions
85.75.Ff   Reprogrammable magnetic logic
85.75.Hh   Spin polarized field effect transistors
85.75.Mm   Spin polarized resonant tunnel junctions
85.75.Nn   Hybrid Hall devices
85.75.Ss   Magnetic field sensors using spin polarized transport
85.85.+j   Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
89.20.-a   Interdisciplinary applications of physics
89.20.Bb   Industrial and technological research and development
89.20.Dd   Military technology and weapons systems; arms control
89.20.Ff   Computer science and technology
89.20.Hh   World Wide Web, Internet
89.20.Kk   Engineering
89.30.-g   Energy resources (see also 84.60.-h Direct energy conversion and storage)
89.30.Aa   Fossil fuels
89.30.Cc   Solar power
89.30.Ee   Hydroelectric, hydrothermal, geothermal and wind power
89.30.Gg   Nuclear fission power (for fission reactors, see 28.41.-i and 28.50.-k in nuclear physics)
89.30.Jj   Nuclear fusion power (for fusion reactors, see 28.52.-s in nuclear physics)
89.60.-k   Environmental studies (for ecology, see 87.23-n in biological and medical physics)
89.60.Ec   Environmental safety
89.60.Fe   Environmental regulations
89.60.Gg   Impact of natural and man-made disasters
89.65.-s   Social systems
89.65.Cd   Demographic studies
89.65.Ef   Social organizations; anthropology
89.65.Gh   Economics, business, and financial markets
89.65.Lm   Urban planning and construction
89.75.-k   Complex systems
89.75.Da   Systems obeying scaling laws
89.75.Fb   Structures and organization in complex systems
89.75.Hc   Networks and genealogical trees
89.75.Kd   Patterns
91.10.Pp   Gravimetric measurements and instruments

Modified Categories

02.20.Hj   Classical groups
03.65.-w   Quantum mechanics (see also 03.67.-a Quantum information; 05.30 Quantum statistical mechanics)
06.30.Bp   Spatial dimensions (e.g., position, lengths, volume, angles, and displacements)
07.       Instruments, apparatus, and components common to several branches of physics and astronomy (see also each subdiscipline for specialized instrumentation and techniques)
07.07.-a   General equipment
07.10.-h   Mechanical instruments and equipment
07.10.Cm   Micromechanical devices and systems (for micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS),see 85.85.+j in electronic and magnetic devices)
07.20.-n   Thermal instruments and apparatus
07.20.Dt   Thermometers
07.20.Fw   Calorimeters (for calorimeters as radiation detectors, see 29.40.Vj)
07.20.Ka   High-temperature instrumentation; pyrometers
07.20.Mc   Cryogenics; refrigerators, low-temperature equipment
07.30.-t   Vacuum apparatus
07.35.+k   High-pressure apparatus; shock tubes; diamond anvil cells
07.50.-e   Electrical and electronic instruments,and components
07.50.Hp   Electrical noise and shielding equipment
07.55.-w   Magnetic instruments and components
07.57.-c   Infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave and radiowave instruments and equipment (for infrared and radio telescopes, see 95.55)
07.60.-j   Optical instruments, and equipment
.....       Optical sources, see 42.72.-g
.....       Optical elements, devices, and systems 42.79.-e
.....       Optoelectronic devices 85.60.-q
.....       Optical telescopes, see 95.55.Cs
07.64.+z   Acoustic instruments and equipment (see also 43.58 - in acoustics appendix)
07.68.+m   Photography, photographic instruments; xerography
07.75.+h   Mass spectrometers (see also 82.80.Ms, 82.80.Nj, and 82.80.Rt in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
07.77.Gx   Atomic and molecular beam sources and detectors (see also 39.10.+j in atomic and molecular physics)
07.77.Ka   Charged-particle beam sources and detectors (see also 29.40.-n in nuclear physics)
07.78.+s   Electron, positron, and ion microscopes; electron diffractometers
07.79.-v   Scanning probe microscopes and components (see also 68.37.-d in surfaces and interfaces)
07.81.+a   Electron and ion spectrometers (see also 29.30.-h in nuclear physics)
07.85.-m   X- and gamma-ray instruments (for x- and gamma-ray telescopes, see 95.55.Ka)
07.90.+c   Other topics in instruments, apparatus, and components common to several branches of physics and astronomy (restricted to new topics in section 07)
23.       Radioactive decay and in-beam spectroscopy
26.       Nuclear astrophysics (see also 95.30.-k Fundamental aspects of astrophysics in astronomy)
26.20.+f   Hydrostatic stellar nucleosynthesis (see also 97.10.Cv Stellar structure, interiors, evolution, nucleosynthesis, ages in astronomy)
26.35.+c   Big Bang nucleosynthesis (see also 98.80.Ft Origin, formation, and abundances of the elements in astronomy)
28.52.-s   Fusion reactors (see also 52.55.-s, 52.57.-z, and 52.58.-c in physics of plasmas)
29.50.+v   Computer interfaces (see also 07.05.Wr in computers in experimental physics)
31.       Electronic structure of atoms and molecules: theory
31.90.+s   Other topics in the theory of the electronic structure of atoms and molecules (restricted to new topics in section 31)
03.65.Nk   Scattering theory
05.70.Ln   Nonequilibrium and irreversible thermodynamics (see also 82.40.Bj Oscillations, chaos, and bifurcations in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
05.70.Np   Interface and surface thermodynamics (see also 68.35.Md surface thermodynamics, surface energies in surfaces and interfaces)
32.10.-f   Properties of atoms
32.10.Bi   Atomic masses, mass spectra, abundances, and isotopes (for massspectroscopy, see 07.75.+h in instruments, and 82.80.Ms, Nj, Rt in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
32.90.+a   Other topics in atomic properties and interactions of atoms with photons (restricted to new topics in section 32)
33.15.-e   Properties of molecules
33.25.+k   Nuclear resonance and relaxation (see also 76.60.-k Nuclear magnetic resonance and relaxation in condensed matter and 82.56.-b in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
34.50.-s   Scattering of atoms and molecules
34.50.Dy   Interactions of atoms and molecules with surfaces; photon and electron emission; neutralization of ions (for surface characterization by particle-surface scattering, see 68.49.-h in surfaces, interfaces, thin films and low-dimensional structures)
34.50.Lf   Chemical reactions, energy disposal, and angular distribution, as studied by atomic and molecular beams
34.70.+e   Charge transfer (for charge transfer reactions, see 82.30.Fi in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
34.80.-i   Electron scattering (for electron collisions in plasma, see 52.20.Fs in physics of plasmas)
36.       Exotic atoms and molecules; macromolecules; clusters
36.20.-r   Macromolecules and polymer molecules (for polymer reactions and polymerization, see 82.35.-x; for biological macromolecules and polymers, see 87.14.-g and 87.15.-v)
36.40.-c   Atomic and molecular clusters (see also 61.46.+w in condensed matter)
36.90.+f   Other exotic atoms and molecules; macromolecules; clusters (restricted to new topics in section 36)
39.20.+q   Atom interferometry techniques(see also 03.75.-b Matter waves, and 03.75.Dg Atom and neutron interferometry in Quantum mechanics)
39.30.+w   Spectroscopic techniques(see also 78.47.+p Time-resolved optical spectroscopies and other ultrafast optical measurements in condensed matter and 82.53.Kp in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
41.60.Cr   Free-electron lasers(see also 52.59.Rz Free-electron devices - in plasma physics)
41.75.Jv   Laser-driven acceleration (see also 52.38.-r Laser-plasma interactions)
42.25.Bs   Wave propagation, transmission and absorption (see also 41.20.Jb - in electromagnetism; for propagation in atmosphere, see 42.68.Ay; see also 52.40.Db, 52.38.-r - in plasma physics)
46.35.+z   Viscoelasticity, plasticity, viscoplasticity (see also 83.60.Bc, Df, in rheology)
47.11.+j   Computational methods in fluid dynamics (see also 83.85.Pt computational fluid dynamics - in rheology; 02.70 - in mathematical methods in physics)
47.40.-x   Compressible flows; shock and detonation phenomena (see also 28.70 Nuclear explosions, 52.35.Tc Shock waves and discontinuities in plasma, 83.60.Uv - in rheology, 43.25.Cb,43.28.Mw and 43.40.Jc - in acoustics appendix)
47.50.+d   Non-Newtonian fluid flows (see also 83.50 Deformation and flow)
47.52.+j   Chaos (see also 05.45 Nonlinear dynamics and nonlinear dynamical systems; 83.60.Wc Flow instabilities)
47.60.+i   Flows in ducts, channels,nozzles, and conduits (see also 83.50.Ha - in rheology)
.....       Biological fluid dynamics, see87.19.Tt
47.70.Fw   Chemically reactive flows (see also 83.80.Jx - in rheology)
50.       Physics of gases, plasmas and electric discharges
52.       Physics of plasmas and electric discharges (for astrophysical plasmas, see 95.30.Qd; for physics of the ionosphere and magnetosphere, see 94.20.-y and 94.30.-d respectively)
52.25.Gj   Fluctuation and chaos phenomena (for plasma turbulence, see 52.35.Ra, see also 05.45.-a nonlinear dynamics and nonlinear dynamical systems)
52.30.-q   Plasma dynamics and flow
52.35.-g   Waves, oscillations, and instabilities in plasmas and intense beams
52.35.Bj   Magnetohydrodynamic waves (e.g., Alfven waves)
52.35.Mw   Nonlinear phenomena: waves, wave propagation, and other interactions (including parametric effects, mode coupling, ponderomotive effects, etc.)
52.35.Py   Macroinstabilities (hydromagnetic, e.g., kink, fire-hose, mirror, ballooning, tearing, trapped-particle, flute, Rayleigh-Taylor, etc.)
52.35.Qz   Microinstabilities (ion-acoustic, two-stream, loss-cone, beam-plasma, drift, ion- or electron-cyclotron, etc.)
52.35.Tc   Shock waves and discontinuites
52.40.-w   Plasma interactions (nonlaser)
52.40.Hf   Plasma-material interactions; boundary layer effects
52.40.Mj   Particle beam interactions in plasmas
52.50.Gj   Plasma heating by particle beams
52.50.Jm   Plasma production and heating by laser beams (laser-foil, laser-cluster, etc.)
52.55.Dy   General theory and basic studies of plasma lifetime, particle and heat loss, energy balance, field structure, etc.
52.55.Ez   Theta pinch
52.55.Hc   Stellarators, torsatrons, heliacs, bumpy tori, and other toroidal confinement devices
52.55.Jd   Magnetic mirrors, gas dynamic traps
52.55.Lf   Field-reversed configurations, rotamaks, Astrons, ion rings, magnetized target fusion, and cusps
52.55.Pi   Fusion products effects (e.g.,alpha-particles, etc.), fast particle effects
52.58.-c   Other confinement methods
52.65.Ff   Fokker-Planck and Vlasov equation
52.75.-d   Plasma devices (for ion sources, see 29.25.Lg, Ni, for plasma sources, see 52.50.-x.)
52.75.Di   Ion and plasma propulsion
52.80.Mg   Arcs; sparks; lightning; atmospheric electricity (see also 92.60.Pw in hydrospheric and atmospheric geophysics)
52.80.Pi   High-frequency and RF discharges
52.80.Wq   Discharge in liquids and solids (for electric breakdown in liquids, see 77.22.Jp)
61.30.Cz   Molecular and microscopic models and theories of liquid crystal structure
61.41.+e   Polymers, elastomers, and plastics (see also 81.05.Lg in materials science; for rheology of polymers, see 83; for polymer reactions and polymenization, see 82.35.-x)
61.43.-j   Disordered solids (see also 81.05.Gc, 81.05.Kf, and 81.05.Rm in materials science)
61.46.+w   Nanoscale materials: clusters, nanoparticles, nanotubes, and nanocrystals (see also 36.40 Atomic and molecular clusters, for fabrication and characterization of nanoscale materials, see 81.07.-b in materials science)
61.48.+c   Fullerenes and fullerene-related materials (see also 81.05.Tp in materials science)
61.80.-x   Physical radiation effects, radiation damage (for photochemical reactions, see 82.50.-m)
.....       Radiation treatments, see 81.40.Wx
62.       Mechanical and acoustical properties of condensed matter (for nonlinear acoustics of solids, see 43.25.Dc in acoustics appendix; for mechanical properties of interfaces and thin films, see 68.35.Gy, 68.35.Iv, and 68.60.Bs; for mechanical properties related to treatment conditions, see 81.40.Jj, Lm, Np in material science; for mechanical properties of rocks and minerals, see 91.60)
62.20.Fe   Deformation and plasticity (including yield, ductility, and superplasticity) (see also 83.50.-v Deformation and flow in rheology)
62.20.Qp   Tribology and hardness (see also 46.55.+d in continuum mechanics of solids)
62.50.+p   High-pressure and shock-wave effects in solids and liquids (for high pressure apparatus and techniques,see 07.35; for shock-wave initiated high-pressure chemistry,see 82.40.Fp)
63.       Lattice dynamics (see also78.30 Infrared and Raman spectra; for surface and interface vibrations, see 68.35.Ja; for adsorbate vibrations, see 68.43.Pq)
63.22.+m   Phonons orvibrational states in low-dimensional structures and nanoscale materials
64.60.Qb   Nucleation (see also 82.60.Nh Thermodynamics of nucleation in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
65.20.+w   Thermal properties of liquids: heat capacity, thermal expansion, etc.
66.10.Cb   Diffusion and thermal diffusion (for osmosis, see also 82.39.Wj)
68.       Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and low-dimensional systems (structure and nonelectronic properties) (for surface and interface chemistry, see 82.65.+r, for surface magnetism, see 75.70.Rf)
68.35.-p   Solid surfaces and solid-solid interfaces: structure and energetics
68.35.Bs   Structure of clean surfaces (reconstruction)
68.35.Dv   Composition, segregation; defects and impurities
68.35.Fx   Diffusion; interface formation (see also 66.30 Diffusion in solids, for diffusion of adsorbates, see 68.43.Jk)
68.35.Gy   Mechanical properties; surface strains
68.35.Md   Surface thermodynamics, surface energies (see also 05.70.Np Interface andsurface thermo-dynamics in statistical physics, thermodynamics and nonlinear dynamical systems)
68.55.Jk   Structure and morphology; thickness; crystalline orientation and texture
68.90.+g   Other topics in structure, and nonelectronic properties of surfaces and interfaces; thin films and low-dimensional structures (restricted to new topics in section 68)
71.       Electronic structure of bulk materials (see section 73 for surfaces, interfaces, low-dimensional structures, and nanomaterials)
71.15.-m   Methods of electronic structure calculations (see also 31.15.-p calculations and mathematical techniques in atomic and molecular physics)
71.15.Ap   Basis sets (plane-wave, APS, LCAO, etc.) and related methodology (scattering methods, ASA, linearized methods)
71.15.Mb   Density functional theory, local density approximation, gradient and other correctionS
71.45.Gm   Exchange, correlation, dielectric and magnetic response functions, plasmons
73.       Electronic structure and electrical properties of surfaces, interfaces, thin films, and low-dimensional structures (for electronic structure and electrical properties of superconducting films, see 74.76; for computational methodology use 71.15.-m)
73.20.-r   Electron states at surfaces and interfaces
73.20.Mf   Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations) (for collective excitations in Quantum Hall Effects, see 73.43.Lp)
73.23.-b   Electronic transport in mesoscopic systems
73.40.Gk   Tunneling (for tunneling in Quantum Hall Effects, see 73.43.Jn)
73.50.-h   Electronic transport phenomena in thin films (for electronic transport in mesoscopic systems and interface structures, see 73.23.-b and 73.40.-c respectively; for electronic transport in nanoscalematerials and structures, see 73.63.-b)
73.61.-r   Electrical properties of specific thin films (for optical properties of thin films, see 78.20 and 78.66; for magnetic properties of thin films,see 75.70)
73.90.+f   Other topics in electronic structure and electrical properties of surfaces, interfaces, thin films, and low-dimensional structures (Restricted to new topics in section 73)
75.20.-g   Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and superparamagnetism
75.50.Kj   Amorphous and quasicrystalline magnetic materials
75.50.Tt   Fine-particle systems; nanocrystalline materials
75.70.-i   magnetic properties of thin films, surfaces, and interfaces (for magnetic properties of nanostructures, see 75.75.+a)
75.70.Cn   Interfacial magnetic properties (multilayers, superlattices)
76.60.-k   Nuclear magnetic resonance and relaxation (see also 33.25 Nuclear resonance and relaxation in atomic and molecular physics and 82.56.-b in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
77.84.Nh   Liquids, emulsions, and suspensions; liquid crystals (for structure of liquid crystals, see 61.30)
78.47.+p   Time-resolved optical spectroscopies and other ultrafast optical measurements in condensed matter (see also 42.65.Re - in nonlinear optics; 82.53.-k femtochemistry in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
.....       Impurity and defect absorption in solids, see 78.30 and 78.40
78.66.-w   Optical properties of specific thin films (for optical properties of low-dimensional structures, see 78.67.-n; for optical properties of surfaces, see 78.68.+m)
78.66.Jg   Amorphous semiconductors; glasses
78.66.Vs   Fine-particle systems
81.05.Tp   Fullerenes and related materials
81.15.Gh   Chemical vapor deposition(including plasma-enhanced CVD, MOCVD, etc.) (for chemistry of MOCVD, see 82.33.Ya in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
81.15.Jj   Ion and electron beam-assisted deposition; ion plating (see also 52.77.Dq in physics of plasmas)
81.65.Cf   Surface cleaning, etching, patterning (see also 52.77.Bn in physics of plasmas)
81.65.Ps   Polishing, grinding, surface finishing
82.       Physical chemistry and chemical physics
82.20.-w   Chemical kinetics and dynamics
82.20.Db   Transition state theory and statistical theories of rate constants
82.20.Fd   Collision theories; trajectory models
82.20.Hf   Product distribution (for state selected dynamics and product distribution, see 82.20.Bc)
82.20.Rp   State to state energy transfer (see also 31.70.Hq Time-dependent phenomena and 34.50.Pi state-to-state scattering analysis in atomic and molecular physics)
82.20.Tr   Kinetic isotope effects including muonium
82.30.Cf   Atom and radical reactions; chain reactions, molecule-molecule reactions
82.30.Lp   Decomposition reactions (pyrolysis, dissociation, and fragmentation)
82.30.Nr   Association, addition, insertion, cluster formation
82.30.Vy   Homogeneous catalysis in solution, polymers, and zeolites (for heterogeneous catalysis in zeolites, see 82.75.Qt )
.....       Enzyme kinetics, see 82.39.Fk
.....       Protein folding kinetics, see 87.15.Cc in biological and medical physics
82.40.Bj   Oscillations, chaos, and bifurcations
82.40.Ck   Pattern formation in reactions with diffusion, flow and heat transfer (see also 47.54.+r Pattern selection; pattern formation and 47.32.Cc Vortex dynamics)
82.40.Fp   Shock-waves initiated reactions; high-pressure chemistry (see also 47.40.Nm Shock-wave interactions and shock effects in fluid dynamics, and 62.50.+p high-pressure and shock-wave effects in solids and liquids)
82.50.-   m Photochemistry (for single molecule photochemistry, see 82.37.Vb)
82.70.-y   Disperse systems; complex fluids (see also 82.33.-z reactions in various media)
82.80.Ms   Mass spectrometry (including SIMS, multiphoton ionization and resonance ionization mass spectrometry, MALDI)
82.90.+j   Other topics in physical chemistry and chemical physics (restricted to new topics in section 82)
83.10.-y   Fundamental and theoretical
83.50.-v   Deformation and flow
83.50.Ax   Steady shear flows, viscometric flow
83.50.Jf   Extensional flow and combined shear and extension
83.50.Lh   Slip Boundary effects (interfacial and free surface flows) (see also 47.45.Gx in fluid dynamics)
83.80.-k   Material type (see also 82.70.-y and 82.35.-x in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
83.80.Jx   Reacting systems: thermosetting polymers, chemorheology, rheokinetics
83.80.Lz   Physiological materials (e.g. blood,collagen, etc.)
83.85.Cg   Rheological measurements - rheometry
83.85.Ei   Optical methods; rheo-optics
83.85.Lq   Normal stress difference measurements
83.85.Ns   Data analysis (interconversion of data computation of relaxation and retardation spectra; time-temperature superposition, etc.)
83.85.Pt   Computational fluid dynamics (see also 02.70-in mathematical methods in physics)
84.60.-h   Direct energy conversion and storage (see also 89.30.-g energy resources)
85.40.Sz   Deposition technology (for plasma applications in deposition technology, see 52.77.Dq)
85.60.Gz   Photodetectors (including infrared and CCD detectors) (for superconducting infrared detectors,see 85.25.Pb; for superconducting optical, X-ray and gamma-ray detectors, see 85.25.Oj)
87.15.Rn   Reactions and kinetics; polymerization (see also 82.30.-k chemical kinetics in biological systems and 82.35.Pq biopolymers, biolpolymerization in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
87.64.-t   Spectroscopic and microscopic techniques in biophysics and medical physics (for spectrometers, see 07 Instruments, apparatus, and components common to several branches of physics and astronomy)
89.       Other areas of applied and interdisciplinary physics
89.70.+c   Information science
89.90.+n   Other topics in areas of applied and interdisciplinary physics (restricted to new topics in section 89)
92.10.Vz   Underwater sound (see also 43.30 in acoustics appendix)
92.10.Yb   Hydrography (for ocean parameter estimation by acoustical methods, see 43.30.Pc in acoustics appendix)
.....       Marine geology and geophysics, see 91.50
92.60.Nv   Cloud physics; stratus and cumulus clouds
94.10.Fa   Atmospheric composition (atomic or molecular), chemical reactions and processes (see also 82.33.Tb Atmospheric chemistry in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
94.20.Vv   Ionospheric disturbances and modifications
95.30.Qd   Magnetohydrodynamics and plasmas (see also 52.30.Cv and 52.72.+v in physics of plasmas)
96.60.Jw   Solar interior (for solar neutrinos, see 26.65.+t in nuclear astrophysics)
97.10.-q   Stellar characteristics and properties (see also 04.40.Dg Relativistic stars) in general relativity and gravitation and section 26 nuclear astrophysics)
97.60.Lf   Black holes (see also 04.70.-s Physics of black holes in general relativityand gravitation; for galactic black holes, see 98.35.Jk and 98.62.Js)
98.35.Jk   Galactic center, bar,circumnuclear matter, and bulge (including black hole and distance measurements) (see also 04.70.-s Physics of black holes in general relativity and gravitation)
98.62.Js   Galactic nuclei (including black holes), circumnuclear matter, and bulges (see also 04.70.-s Physics of black holes in general relativity and gravitation)
98.62.Mw   Infall, accretion,and accretion disks (see also 04.70.-s Physics of black holes in general relativity and gravitation)
98.70.Sa   Cosmic rays (including sources, origin, acceleration, and interactions) (see also 26.40.+r Cosmic ray nucleosynthesis in nuclear astrophysics)
98.80.Hw   Mathematical and relativistic aspects of cosmology; quantum cosmology (see also 04.60 Quantum gravity in general relativity and gravitation)