pacs_01.asc new 11/00 2001 PACS ALPHABETICAL INDEX A A15 compounds and alloys, 74.70.A Aberrations, optical, 42.15.F Ab initio calculations (atomic and molecular physics), 31.15.A Ablation -film deposition, 81.15.F -laser radiation effects, 79.20.D -in plasmas, 52.38.P Abrasion -materials, 81.40.P -mechanics, 46.55 Absorption -of electromagnetic radiation -in Earth's atmosphere, 42.68.A, 94.10.G -in plasmas, 52.25.O -of laser light in plasmas, 52.38.D -neutron, 28.20.F -optical, 42.25.B -of particles in plasmas, 52.25.T -of photons by nuclei, 25.20.D Absorption coefficients, optical, 78.20.C Absorption edges, x-ray, 78.70.D Absorption spectra -atoms, 32.30 -biomolecules, 87.15.M -clusters, 36.40.M -excitons, 71.35.C -macro- and polymer molecules, 36.20.K -molecules, 33.20 -solids and liquids, 78.40 Absorption spectroscopy -biophysics, 87.64.N -chemical analysis, 82.80.D -instrumentation, 07.57.T, 07.60.R Abstraction reactions, 82.30.H Accelerated beams, in plasmas, 52.59.B, F Accelerated plasmas, 52.59.D Acceleration -biological effects of, 87.65 -laser-driven, 41.75.J -by laser-plasma interactions, 52.38.K -measurement of, 06.30.G -of particles in interplanetary space, 96.50.P Accelerators -advanced concepts, 41.75.L -collective and linear, 29.17 -cyclic, 29.20 -electrostatic, 29.17 -for radiation therapy, 87.56.B Accidents (nuclear reactors), 28.41.T Accommodation, gas dynamics, 47.45.N Accretion and accretion disks -galactic, 98.62.M -Milky Way, 98.35.N -stellar, 97.10.G Acoustical instruments and techniques, 07.64, 43.58 Acoustical properties -gases, 51.40 -liquids, 62.60 -rocks and minerals, 91.60.L -solids, 62.65 -solid surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.I -superconductors, 74.25.L -thin films, 68.60.B Acoustic force microscopy, 68.37.T Acoustics -architectural, 43.55 -atmospheric, 43.28 -biological, 43.80 -linear, 43.20 -nonlinear, 43.25 -physiological, 43.64 -psychological, 43.66 -structural, 43.40 -underwater, 43.30 Acoustic signal processing, 43.60 Acoustic transduction, 43.38 Acousto-electric effects -conductivity phenomena, 72.50 -piezoelectrics, 77.65.D -thin films, 73.50.R Acousto-optical devices, 42.79.J Acousto-optical effects, 78.20.H Activation analysis, radiochemical, 82.80.J Adaptation, visual -color, 42.66.N -light, 42.66.L Adaptive optical systems -astronomy, 95.75.Q -atmospheric optics, 42.68.W Adhesion -interfacial flow, 83.50.L -solid surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.N -structural mechanics, 46.55 Admittance measurement, 84.37 Adsorbates -assemblies of, 68.43.H -diffusion, 68.43.J -electron states, 73.20.H -femtochemistry of, 82.53.S -photoelectron spectra, 79.60.D -statistical mechanics of, 68.43.D -structure and reactions, 68.43.B, F -vibrations, 68.43.P Adsorption -fluid surfaces, 68.03 -quantum fluids, 67.70 -solid surfaces, 68.43 Aeroacoustics, 43.28 Aerodynamics, 47.85.G Aeroelasticity, 46.40.J Aerogels, reactions in, 82.33.L Aeronomy. See 94 Aerosols -atmospheric optics, 42.68.J -materials synthesis, 81.20.R -meteorology, 92.60.M -oceanography, 92.20.B -physical chemistry, 82.70.R Aerospace bio- and medical physics, 87.65 Africa, 93.30.B Afterglow (plasma reactions), 82.33.X Aggregation -cellular, 87.18.E -diffusion-limited, 61.43.H -macromolecules, 87.15.N Aging, materials, 81.40.C Aharonov Bohm effect, 72.15.R Airglow, 94.10.R Air pollution -atmospheric chemistry, 82.33.T -atmospheric optics, 42.68.K -meteorology, 92.60.S Alfven waves, 52.35.B Algebra -Lie, 02.20.S -linear, 02.10.U -matrix, 02.10.Y Algebraic geometry, 02.10 Algebraic groups, 02.20.H Algebraic methods -in quantum mechanics, 03.65.F -in string theory, 11.25.H Algebraic rings, 02.10.H Algebraic structures, 02.10.D Algebraic topology, 02.40.R Alkali halides, photoluminescence of, 78.55.F Alkali metals, electronic structure of, 71.20.D Alloys -absorption spectra, 78.40.K -diamagnetism and paramagnetism, 75.20.E -electronic conduction -bulk matter, 72.15.C, E -liquid, 72.15.C -thin films, 73.61.A -electronic structure, 71.20.B, E, G -fabrication, 81.05.B -impurity and defect levels, 71.55.A -infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.E -local magnetic moment, 75.20.H -magnetic materials, 75.50 -optical properties of thin films, 78.66.B -phase diagrams, 81.30.B -radiation effects, 61.82.B -self-diffusion, 66.30.F -structure -amorphous, 61.43.D -crystalline, 61.66.D -liquid, 61.25.M -superconducting, 74.70 Alpha Cygni stars, 97.30.D Alpha decay, 23.60 Alpha-particle-induced nuclear reactions, 25.55 Amorphous magnetic materials, 75.50.K Amorphous metals and alloys -electrical and thermal conductivity, 72.15.C -electron density of states, 71.23 -photoelectron spectra, 79.60.H -structure, 61.43.D -thermal properties, 65.60 Amorphous semiconductors -electronic structure, 71.23.C -fabrication, 81.05.G -impurity and defect levels, 71.55.J -infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.L -photoelectron spectra, 79.60.H -structure, 61.43.D -synthesis, 81.05.G -thermal properties, 65.60 -thin films -electrical conductivity, 73.61.J -optical properties, 78.66.J Amorphous superconductors, 74.80.B Amphiphilic systems, 82.70.U Amplifiers -electronic, 84.30.L -laser, 42.60.D -optical parametric, 42.65.Y Analytic spaces, 02.30.F Anchoring (liquid crystals), 61.30.H Anderson localization -conductivity in metals and alloys, 72.15.R -disordered solids, 71.23.A -hopping transport, 72.20.E -surface and interface states, 73.20.F Anelasticity -materials treatment effects on, 81.40.J -mechanical properties of solids, 62.40 Anemometry, 47.80, 93.85 Angiography -magnetic resonance imaging, 87.61.L -x-ray imaging, 87.59.D Angles, measurement of, 06.30.B Angular velocity measurement, 06.30.G Anharmonic lattice modes, 63.20.R Annealing -crystal defects, 61.72.C -effects on microstructure, 81.40.E -magnetic, 75.60.N Announcements, 01.10.C Anodization, 82.45.F Anoxic environments, oceanography, 92.20.H Antarctica, 93.30.C Antennas, 84.40.B -plasma interactions with, 52.40.F Anthropology, 89.65.E Antibunched photon states, 42.50.D Antiferroelectricity, 77.80 Antiferroelectric materials, 77.84 Antiferromagnetic materials, 75.50.E Antiferromagnetic resonance, 76.50 Antiphase boundaries, 81.30 Antiproton-induced reactions, 25.43 Antireflection coatings, 42.79.W Anyons -electronic structure, 71.10.P -quantum statistical mechanics, 05.30.P -superconductivity, 74.20.M Apertures, optical, 42.79.A Apodization, 42.15.E APW calculations, 71.15.A Arc discharges, 52.80.M Archaeoastronomy, 95.90 Archeomagnetism, 91.25.D Architectural acoustics, 43.55 Arctic Ocean, 93.30.L Arc welding, 52.77.F Arms control, 89.20.D Arrays -fiber optical, 42.81.Q -integrated optics, 42.82.E -laser, 42.60.D -solar cells, 84.60.J Artificial intelligence, 07.05.M Artificial satellites, 07.87, 95.40, 95.55.P Ash deposits, 91.40.B Asia, 93.30.D Associated liquids, structure of, 61.20.Q Association reactions, chemical, 82.30.N Associative rings and algebras, 02.10.H Asteroids, 96.30.Y Astrometric binary stars, 97.80.A Astrometry, 95.10.J -instrumentation, 95.55.B Astron (magnetic trap), 52.55.L Astronomy -databases, 95.80 -fundamental, 95.10 -historical, 95.90 Astrophysical plasma, 95.30.Q -laboratory studies, 52.72 Astrophysics, fundamental aspects, 95.30 Atlantic Ocean, 93.30.M Atmosphere -Earth -effects of volcanic eruptions, 91.40.D -global change, 92.70.C -ionosphere, 94.20 -magnetosphere, 94.30 -neutral, 94.10 -troposphere, 92.60 -Moon, 96.20.D -planetary, 96.35.H, K -stellar, 97.10.E Atmosphere/ocean/Earth interaction, 91.10.V Atmospheric acoustics, 43.28 Atmospheric chemistry, 82.33.T -meteorology, 92.60.H -neutral atmosphere, 94.10.F Atmospheric electricity -in Earth's atmosphere, 92.60.P -in plasmas, 52.80.M Atmospheric ion precipitation, 94.20.Q, 94.30.H Atmospheric optics, 42.68 Atmospheric pressure, 94.10.D Atmospheric sound, 43.28 Atomic beam epitaxy, 81.15.H Atomic beams -chemical reactions, 34.50.L -detectors for, 07.77 -interactions with solids, 79.20.R -irradiation effects, 61.80.L -sources of, 07.77.G, 39.10 -in structural analysis, 61.18.B Atomic clusters, 36.40 Atomic collisions. See 34 Atomic ensemble, phase coherence of, 03.75.F, 42.50.G Atomic force microscopy -biophysics, 87.64.D -instrumentation, 07.79.L -surface structure, 68.37.P Atomic forces, 34.20 Atomic isotopes, 32.10.B Atomic mass, 32.10.B Atomic moments, 32.10.D Atomic-orbital methods -atoms and molecules, 31.15.N -solids, 71.15.A Atomic physics. See 30 Atomic properties, 32.10 Atomic spectra, 32.30 -astrophysics, 95.30.K Atomic sphere approximation, 71.15.A Atom interferometry, 03.75.D, 39.20 Atom manipulation -in atomic physics, 39.25 -in nanotechnology, 81.16.T -in physical chemistry, 82.37.G Atom molecule potentials and forces, 34.20.G Atom optics, 03.75.B Atoms -collisions in plasma, 52.20.H -cooling and trapping, 32.80.P -electric and magnetic moments, 32.10.D -electron affinity, 32.10.H -electronic structure -calculations of, 31.15 -theory of, 31.10 -excitation and ionization by electron impact, 34.80.D -exotic, 36.10 -hot atom reactions, 82.30.C -ionization potential, 32.10.H -polarizability, 32.10.D -scattering, 34.50 -from surfaces, 34.50.D, 68.49.B Audio and visual aids, educational, 01.50.F Auditory system, 43.64 Auger effect -atoms, 32.80.H -solids, 79.20.F Auger microscopy, 68.37.X Auger spectroscopy, 82.80.P Augmented plane-wave (APW) calculations, 71.15.A Aurora, 94.10.R Australia, 93.30.F Autoionization -atoms, 32.80.D -molecules, 33.80.E Avalanche counters, 29.40.C Avalanches (granular systems), 45.70.H Awards, 01.10.C Axial vector currents, 11.40.H Axiomatic field theory, 11.10.C Axions, 14.80.M B Background radiation (galactic), 98.70.V Backscattering. See Scattering Bacteria (seawater), 92.20.P Bag models, 12.39.B Balances, 06.30.D Balance systems, 07.10.L Ballistics, 45.40.G Ballistic transport, 73.23.A Ballooning instability, 52.35.P Balloons (meteorology), 92.60 Band model of magnetism, 75.10.L Band structure, 71.20 Barkhausen effect, 75.60.E Barred spirals (galaxies), 98.52.N Baryon number, 11.30.F Baryon resonances, 14.20.G Baryons -decays, 13.30.E -production, 13.60.R -properties, 14.20 Bathymetry, 91.50.G Batteries, 84.60.D BCS theory, 74.20.F Beach processes (marine geology), 91.50.C Beam characteristics -accelerators, 29.27.F -low energy beams, 41.85.E Beam foil excitation and ionization, 34.50.F Beam injection -accelerators, 29.27.A -low energy beams, 41.85.A -plasma heating, 52.50.G Beam optics (charged-particle beams), 41.85 Beam plasma instabilities, 52.35.Q Beams, charged-particle -in accelerators, 29.27 -electron, 41.75.F, H -interactions with plasma, 52.40.M -ion, 41.75.A, C -positron, 41.75.F, H -relativistic electron and positron, 41.75.H Beams, photon -laser, 42.60 -x-ray, 41.50 Beams, structural mechanics of, 46.70.D Beam splitters and deflectors -low energy beams, 41.85.C -optical, 42.79.F Beam trapping (nonlinear optics), 42.65.J Bearings, 06.60.V Bell inequalities, 03.65.U Bernstein waves, 52.35.H Berry's phase, 03.65.V Bessel functions, 02.30.G Beta Cephei stars, 97.30.D Beta decay, 23.40 Betatrons, 29.20.F Bethe Salpeter equations, 11.10.S BGK modes (in plasma), 52.35.S Bibliographies, 01.30.T Bifurcation -chemical reactions, 82.40.B -hydrodynamic stability, 47.20.K -nonlinear dynamics, 05.45 -theory, 02.30.O Big Bang nucleosynthesis, 26.35 Big Bang theory, 98.80.B Bilayers, cellular, 87.16.D Binary stars, 97.80 Binding energy -molecular core, 33.15.R -nuclear, 21.10.D -solids, 71.15.N Bingham fluids, 83.60.L Binocular vision, 42.66.S Bioacoustics, 43.80 -biological effects of sound, 87.50.K Biochemistry, 87.15.R -in nanofabrication, 81.16.F Bioelectrochemistry, 82.45.T, 87.15.T Biogeochemical processes, global, 92.70 Biographies, 01.60 Biological effects -of electric fields, 87.50.R -of magnetic fields, 87.50.M -of radiation, 87.50.G, H, J -of sound and ultrasound, 87.50.K Biological interfaces, 87.68 Biological materials -biomedical engineering, 87.68 -rheology of, 83.80.L, 87.19.T Biological physics -cellular, 87.17 -ecology and evolution, 87.23 -higher organisms, 87.18 -instrumentation, 87.80 -spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, 87.64 -subcellular, 87.16 -theory, general, 87.10 Biological signals -processing, 87.80.T -transduction, 87.16.X Biological systems, chemical kinetics in, 82.39 Bioluminescent dosimeters, 87.66.S Biomedical engineering, 87.80 -medical imaging equipment, 87.62 -radiation therapy equipment, 87.56 Biomembranes -membrane protein interactions, 87.15.K -subcellular structure and processes, 87.15.K Biomolecular electronics, 85.65 Biomolecules -NMR of, 82.56.P -radiation and external field effects, 87.50 -structure and physical properties, 87.15 -on surfaces, 68.47.P -types of, 87.14 Biopolymers, 82.35.P, 87.15.R Biosensors, 87.80 Biothermics, 87.19.P Bipolarons -electronic structure of solids, 71.38.M -theory of superconductivity, 74.20.M Bipolar outflows -external galaxies, 98.58.F -Milky Way, 98.38.F -pre-main-sequence objects, 97.21 Bipolar transistors, 85.30.P Birefringence -optical fibers, 42.81.G -solids, 78.20.F -wave optics, 42.25.L Bismuth-based high-Tc superconductors, 74.72.H Bistability, optical, 42.65.P Black-body radiation, 42.72, 44.40 Black holes -astrophysics, 97.60.L -external galaxies, 98.62.J -Milky Way, 98.35.J -physics of, 04.70 Blazars, 98.54.C Blood, rheology of, 83.80.L, 87.19.T Blue phases (liquid crystals), 61.30.M Blue stars (faint), 97.20.R Blue stragglers, 97.10.R Body fluids, 87.19.T Body movements, physics of, 87.19.S Bok globules, 97.21 Bolometers -astronomy, 95.55.R -instruments, 07.57.K Bond angles and bond lengths, 33.15.D, 61.50.L Bonds, dangling, 61.43 Bond strength, 33.15.F Bone densitometry -nuclear medicine imaging, 87.58.X -x-ray imaging, 87.59.L Book reviews, 01.30.V Books, 01.30 Bootstrap models, 11.55.B, F Borides -dielectric materials, 77.84.B -refractories, 81.05.J Born Oppenheimer approximation, 31.30 Borocarbides, superconductivity of, 74.70.D Bose Einstein condensation, 03.75.F Bose Einstein statistics, 05.30 Boson degeneracy (helium 4), 67.40 Bosons -gauge, 14.70 -Higgs, 14.80.B, C -interacting boson model, 21.60.F -intermediate, decays of, 13.38 -Nambu Goldstone, 14.80.M Boson systems, 05.30.J Bottom baryons, 14.20.M Bottom mesons -hadronic decays, 13.25.H -leptonic decays, 13.20.H -properties, 14.40.N Boundary element methods, 02.60.L Boundary layers -laminar, 47.15.C -meteorology, 92.60.F -in plasmas, 52.40.H -sea air, 92.10.K -turbulence, 47.27.N Boundary-value problems -in electrostatics, 41.20.C -in magnetostatics, 41.20.G -numerical analysis, 02.60.L Bound states -field theory, 11.10.S -quantum mechanics, 03.65.G Brachytherapy, 87.53.J Bragg reflectors, 42.79.D Breakdown, electrical -dielectrics, 77.22.J -gases, 51.50 Breeder reactors, 28.50.F Bremsstrahlung, 03.50, 41.50, 78.70.C Brillouin scattering -condensed matter, 78.35 -molecular spectra, 33.20.F -nonlinear optics, 42.65.E -plasma, 52.38.B Brillouin zones, 63.20, 71.20 Brittleness, 62.20.M Broken symmetry phases (nanoscale materials), 73.22.G Brown dwarfs, 97.20.V Brownian motion, 05.40.J -in rheology, 83.10.M Bubble chambers, 29.40 Bubbles -magnetic, 75.70.K -nonhomogeneous flows, 47.55.D Buckling -fission reactors, 28.41.A -materials treatment effects, 81.40.L -static, 46.32 Buckyballs. see Fullerenes Bumpy tori, 52.55.H Buoyancy-driven instability, 47.20.B Bursts -galactic, 98.62.N -gamma-ray, 98.70.R -solar, 96.60.R -x-ray, 98.70.Q C C15 superconductors, 74.70.A Cables -electrical, 84.70 -fiber-optical, 42.81.Q -superconducting, 84.70 Calculus -operational, 02.30.V -of variations, 02.30.X Calendars, astronomical, 95.10.K Calibration, 06.20.F Calorimeters, 07.20.F -dosimeters (medicine), 87.66.N -nuclear and particle physics, 29.40.V Cameras, photographic, 07.68 Capacitance measurement, 84.37 Capacitor banks (energy storage), 84.60.V Capacitors, 84.32.T Capillary waves -fluid interfaces, 68.03.K -oceanic, 92.10.C Carbides -dielectric materials, 77.84.B -refractories, 81.05.J Carbon, 81.05.U Carbon dioxide lasers, 42.55.L Carbon stars, 97.30.H Cardiac dynamics, 87.19.H Car Parrinello method, 71.15.P CARS, 42.65.D Cartography, 91.10.D Catalysis -electrochemistry, 82.45.J -enzymatic, 87.15.R -heterogeneous, 82.65 -homogeneous, 82.30.V -in nanotechnology, 81.16.H Catastrophe theory, 05.45 Cathode-ray tubes, 84.47 Cathodoluminescence, 78.60.H Causal structure, 04.20.G Cavitation, 47.55.B Cavity resonators -fiber optics, 42.81.Q -integrated optics, 42.82.E -laser, 42.60.D -optical, 42.79.G Celestial mechanics -astronomy, 95.10.C -classical mechanics, 45.50.P Cellular structure and processes, 87.17 -aggregation, 87.18.E -cellular engineering, 87.80.R -cell walls, 87.16.G -growth and division, 87.17.E -locomotion, 87.17.J -multicellular phenomena, 87.18 -pattern formation, 87.18.H -radiation and external field effects, 87.50 -subcellular structure and processes, 87.16 Cenozoic period, 91.70.B Cepheids, 97.30.G Ceramics -fabrication, 81.05.J, M -piezoelectricity, 77.84.D Cermets, fabrication of, 81.05.M Chain reactions, chemical, 82.30.C Chains, macromolecular and polymer, 36.20.F Chalcogenides -conductivity, 73.61.G -dielectric materials, 77.84.B -impurity and defect levels, 71.55.G -photoluminescence, 78.55.E -superconductivity, 74.70.A Channel flow, 47.60 -rheology, 83.50.H Channeling -in crystals, 61.85 -in laser plasma interactions, 52.38.H Chaos -applications of, 05.45.G -astronomy, 95.10.F -chemical reactions, 82.40.B -communication using, 05.45.V -control of, 05.45.G -fluid dynamics, 47.52 -high-dimensional, 05.45.J -low-dimensional, 05.45.A -nuclear reactions, 24.60.L -numerical simulations, 05.45.P -optical, 42.65.S -plasmas, 52.25.G -rheology, 83.60.W -semiclassical ("quantum"), 05.45.M -superconductivity fluctuations, 74.40 Charge carriers, recombination of -semiconductors and insulators, 72.20.J -surfaces, 73.25 -thin films, 73.50.G Charge-coupled devices, 85.60.G -in astronomical instrumentation, 95.55.A Charged clusters, 36.40.W Charge-density waves -collective excitations, 71.45.L -one-dimensional conductors, 72.15.N -surface and interface excitations, 73.20.M Charge distribution (nuclear), 21.10.F Charged-lepton interactions with hadrons, 13.60 Charged-particle beams -in accelerators, 29.27 -beam optics, 41.75, 41.85 -sources and detectors, 07.77.K Charged-particle-induced fission, 25.85.G Charged-particle spectrometers, 29.27.A Charged-particle spectroscopy, 29.30.E Charge-exchange reactions -chemistry, 82.30.F -nuclear physics -2H-induced, 25.45.K -3H-, 3He-, and 4He-induced, 25.55.K -induced by unstable nuclei, 25.60.L -low and intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions, 27.70.K -nucleon induced, 25.40.K -pion, 25.80.G Charge measurement, 84.37 Charge transfer -atomic and molecular collisions, 34.70 -chemical reactions, 82.30.F Charge-transfer complexes (biomolecules), 87.15 Charmed baryons, 14.20.L Charmed mesons -hadronic decays, 13.25.F -leptonic and semileptonic decays, 13.20.F -properties, 14.40.L Chemical analysis, 82.80 Chemical beam epitaxy, 81.15.H Chemical bonds, 31.10 -biomolecules, 87.15.B -crystals, 61.50.L -macro- and polymer molecules, 36.20.H Chemical composition -comets, 96.35.E -Earth's atmosphere, 92.60.H, 94.10.F -Earth's interior, 91.35.L -galaxies, 98.62.B -materials, 81.05, 82.80 -planets, 96.35.E -solid surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.D -stars, 97.10.T -Sun, 96.60.F -superconductors, 74.62.B -thin films, 68.55.N Chemical dosimetry, 87.66.F Chemical equilibria, 82.60.H Chemical interdiffusion, 66.30.N Chemical kinetics, 82.20 -biological systems, 82.39 -single molecule, 82.37 -specific regimes and techniques, 82.40 Chemical lasers, 42.55.K Chemically reactive flows, 47.70.F Chemically reactive materials (rheology), 83.50.J Chemical physics. See 82 Chemical processes (astrophysics), 95.30.F, 98.38.B, 98.58.B Chemical reactions. See 82 Chemical sensors, 07.07.D Chemical shift (NMR), 76.60.C Chemical synthesis, 81.20.K -nanofabrication, 81.16.B Chemical thermodynamics, 82.60 Chemical vapor deposition, 81.15.G -chemistry of, 82.33.Y Chemical waves, cellular, 87.18.P Chemiluminescence, 78.60.P Chemisorption, 68.43 Chemotaxis, 87.17.J Cherenkov detectors, 29.40.K Cherenkov radiation, 41.60.B Chevrel phases, superconductivity of, 74.70.D Chirality -biomolecules, 87.15.B -liquid crystals, 61.30 -optical activity, 33.55.A, 78.20.E -polymer molecules and macromolecules, 36.20.E -rotational isomerism, 33.15.H Chiral Lagrangians, 12.39.F Chiral symmetries, 11.30.R Chirping, 42.65.R Chromatography, 82.80.B Chromodynamics, quantum, 12.38 Chromosomes, 87.16.S Chromosphere, solar, 96.60.N Chronometers, 06.30.F Cilia, 87.16.Q Circadian rhythms, 87.19J Circuits -electronic, 07.50.E, 84.30 -integrated, 85.40 -passive components, 84.32 Circuit theory, 84.30.B Circulation -atmospheric, 92.60.B -oceanography, 92.10.M Circumstellar envelopes, 97.10.F Cladding, optical fibers, 42.81.B Classical field theory, 03.50 Classical mechanics -continuous media, 83.10.F -discrete systems, 45 Clathrates, 82.75 Clebsch Gordan coefficients, 03.65, 31.10 Climate dynamics, 92.70.G Climatology, 92.60.R Clocks, 06.30.F, 95.55.S Clouds -atmospheric optics, 42.68.G -interstellar, 98.38.D -meteorology, 92.60.N -planetary atmospheres, 96.35.H -stellar, 97.10.F Cluster models, nuclear, 21.60.G Clusters -atomic and molecular, 36.40 -formation in chemical reactions, 82.30.N -galaxy, 98.65 -reactions in, 82.33.F -reactions on, 82.33.H -reactivity of, 36.40.J -solid -electronic structure, 73.22 -structure, 61.46 -stellar, 98.20 -in zeolites, 82.75.V Cluster theory, atomic physics, 31.15.D Coastal oceanography, 92.10.S Coastal processes, 91.50.C Coatings -deposition methods, 81.15 -optical, 42.79.W Coercivity (magnetic materials), 75.50.V, 75.60.E Coherence -in electron scattering, 34.80.P -optical -quantum optics, 42.50.A -wave optics, 42.25.K Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), 42.65.D Coherent radiation, plasma-generated, 52.59.Y Coherent spectroscopy (femtochemistry), 82.53.K Cohesive energy, 61.50.L -calculation methods, 71.15.N Coils, induction, 84.32.H Cold electron emitters, 85.45.D Cold working, 81.40.E Collagen (rheology), 83.80.L Collective excitations -clusters, 36.40.G -excitons, 71.35.L -multilayers, 73.21.A -nanoscale materials, 73.22.L -nanoscale systems, 73.21 -nuclear structure, 21.10.R -one-dimensional conductors, 72.15.N -quantum Hall effects, 73.43.L -superfluid helium 3, 67.57.J -superlattices, 73.21.C -surfaces and interfaces, 73.20.M Collective flow, relativistic collisions, 25.75.L Collective models (nuclear structure), 21.60.E Collimators -optics, 42.79.A -radiation therapy, 87.53.U Collisions -atomic and molecular (see 34) -classical mechanics, 45.50.T -elementary particles (see 13) -galaxies, 98.65.F -in plasma, 52.20.H, F Colloids, 82.70.D -rheology of, 83.80.H Color centers -absorption spectra, 78.40.F, H -crystal defects, 61.72.J -electron states, 71.55 -EPR, 76.30.M Colorimeters, 07.60.D Color magnitude diagrams -galaxies, 98.62.Q -stars, 97.10.Z Color transparency (QCD in nuclei), 24.85 Color vision, 42.66.N Colossal magnetoresistance, 75.30.V Combinatorics, 02.10.A Combustion -enthalpy, 82.60.C -reaction kinetics, 82.33.V Combustion synthesis, 81.20.K Cometary nebulae, 97.21 Comets -interaction with solar wind, 96.50.E -in interplanetary space, 96.50.G -properties of, 96.35 Commensurate incommensurate transformations, 64.70.R Communication forms, 01.20 Commutative rings and algebras, 02.10.H Compact disks, 42.79.V Compactification (string theory), 11.25.M Compaction -granular systems, 45.70.C -materials preparation, 81.20.E Comparators, electronic, 84.30.Q Compensators (radiotherapy), 87.53.M Complex systems, 89.75 -biological, 82.39.R -chemical, 82.40.Q -granular models of, 45.70.V Complex variables, 02.30.F Composite materials -dielectric, piezo-, and ferroelectric, 77.84.L -electrical conductivity, 72.80.T -fabrication, 81.05.M, N, P, Q -optical properties of thin films, 78.66.S -rheology, 83.80.A Composite particle models, 12.60.R Compressibility -gases, 51.35 -liquids, 62.10 -solids, 62.20.F, 81.40.L Compressible flows, 47.40 Compressional waves -aeronomy, 94.10.J -meteorology, 92.60.D Compression molding, 83.50.U Compressors, electronic, 84.30.Q Compton scattering -atoms, 32.80.C -bulk matter, 78.70 -by hadrons, 13.60.F Computational techniques -classical mechanics, 45.10 -continuum mechanics, 46.15 -electronic structure -atoms and molecules, 31.15 -solids, 71.15.D -mathematics, 02.70 -statistical physics and nonlinear dynamics, 05.10 Computer-aided design -electronics, 84.30.B -microelectronics, 85.40.B Computer hardware, 07.05.B Computer interfaces, 07.05.W -nuclear physics, 29.50 Computerized tomography, 87.59.F Computer languages, 07.05.B Computer modeling and simulation, 07.05.T -astronomy, 95.75.P -biological physics, 87.15.A, 87.16.A, 87.17.A, 87.18.B -chaotic models, 05.45.P -chemical kinetics, 82.20.W -disordered solids, 61.43.B -impact phenomena, solids, 79.20.A -integrated circuits fabrication, 85.40.B -liquid structure, 61.20.J -magnetic critical points, 75.40.M -medical and biological techniques, 87.64.A -optical properties, 78.20.B -plasma, 52.65 -radiotherapy, 87.53.V -rheology, 83.10.R, 83.85.P Computers -as educational aids, 01.50.H -in experimental physics, 07.05 -laboratory use, 01.50.L -optical, 42.79.T Computer science and technology, 89.20.F Computer vision, 42.30.T Concentrators, solar, 42.79.E Condensation -fluid fluid interfaces, 68.03.F -liquid vapor transitions, 64.70.F -nucleation, 64.60.Q -chemical thermodynamics, 82.60.N Condensed matter. See 60 Conducting polymers -electrical conductivity of, 72.80.L -reactions of, 82.35.C -thin films, electrical properties of, 73.61.P Conductors, electrical, 84.32.F Conduits, flow through, 47.60 Conferences -announcements, 01.10.F -proceedings, 01.30.C Configuration interaction calculations, 31.25 Confined flow, 47.60 Confocal microscopy (biophysics), 87.64.T Conformal field theory, 11.25.H Conformal radiation treatment, 87.53.K Conformation, molecular, 33.15.B -barrier heights, 33.15.H -biomolecules, 87.15.H -macromolecules and polymers, 36.20.E Conservation laws (fields and particles), 11.30 Constants, fundamental, 06.20.J Constitutive relations (rheology), 83.10.G Contact resistance and potential, 73.40.C Contacts -III-V semiconductor to semiconductor, 73.40.K -II-VI semiconductor to semiconductor, 73.40.L -integrated electronics, 85.40.L -mechanical, 46.55 -metal nonmetal, 73.40.N -metal to metal, 73.40.J -semiconductor electrolyte, 73.40.M -superconducting, 74.80.F Continental crust seismology, 91.30.V Continental margins, 91.45.C Continents, 93.30 -drift of, 91.45.D Continuum mechanics, 46 -rheology, 83.10.F Control devices, 07.07.T Control theory, 02.30.Y Convection -aeronomy, 94.10.L -astrophysics, 95.30.T -forced, 44.27 -ionosphere, 94.20.W -magnetosphere, 94.30.F -meteorology, 92.60.E -natural, 44.25 -turbulent flows, 47.27.T Convection currents (plate tectonics), 91.45.F Convergent-beam electron diffraction, 61.14.L Convex sets, 02.40.F Cooling -atoms, ions, and molecules, 32.80.P, 33.80.P -cryogenic, 07.20.M -magnetic, 75.30.S Cooling flows (galaxy clusters), 98.65.H Copolymers -rheology, 83.80.U -structure and phase transitions, 82.35.J Coriolis effects -molecules (vibration/rotation), 33.20.V -oceans, 92.10.E Corona -mass ejection, 96.60.W -solar, 96.60.P -stellar, 97.10.E Corona discharges, 52.80.H Correlations -collective effects, 71.45.G -in electron scattering, 34.80.P -in nuclear electromagnetic transitions, 23.20.E Corrosion fatigue, 81.40.N Corrosion protection, 81.65.K Cosmic censorship, 04.20.D Cosmic dust -in Earth's atmosphere, 94.10.N -external galaxies, 98.58.C -Milky Way, 98.38.C Cosmic rays, 96.40 -astronomical observations, 95.85.R -high-energy interactions, 13.85.T -nucleosynthesis, 24.60 -sources, galactic and extragalactic, 98.70.S Cosmic strings, 11.27, 98.80.C Cosmogony, 96.10 Cosmological constant, 98.80.E Cosmology, 98.80 Cosmotrons, 29.20.L Cottrell atmospheres, 61.72.L Couette flow, 47.15 Coulomb blockade, 73.23.H Coulomb energies (nuclear levels), 21.10.S Coulomb excitation (heavy-ion collisions), 25.70.D Coupled-channel methods (nuclear reactions), 24.10.E Coupled cluster theory, 31.15.D Coupled map lattices, 05.45.R CP invariance, 11.30.E CPT invariance, 11.30.E Cracks -detection, 81.70 -healing, 83.60.U -mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.M -structural mechanics, 46.50 Cranking model, 21.60.C, E Cratering (Moon), 96.20.K Creep -effects of materials treatment, 81.40.L -evidence of dislocations, 61.72.H -mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.H Creeping flows, 47.15.G Critical currents (superconductivity), 74.60.J Critical exponents, 64.60.F -magnetism, 75.40.C Critical fields (superconductivity), 74.60.E Criticality, self-organized, 05.65 Critical phenomena. See 64 -magnetism, 75.40 -physical chemistry, 82.60 -at surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.R -thermodynamics, 05.70.J Cross sections -chemical reactions, 82.20.P -electron scattering -atoms and molecules, 34.80 -conductivity, 72.10 -hadrons -high-energy interactions, 13.85.L -with photons and charged leptons, 13.60.H -photon atom interactions, 32.80.C -reactions induced by unstable nuclei, 25.60.D -scattering of atoms and molecules, 34.50 Crustal movements, 91.10.K Cryogenics -instrumentation, 07.20.M -therapy, 87.54.B Cryptography, quantum, 03.67.D Crystal binding, 61.50.L Crystal defects, 61.72 Crystal fields -level splitting, 71.70.C -in magnetic ordering, 75.10.D Crystal growth, 81.10 Crystallization -amorphous materials, 61.43 -macromolecules, 87.15.N -phase transitions, 64.70.D, 81.30.H Crystallographic databases, 61.68 Crystallography. See 61 Crystals -impurities, 61.72.S -liquid, structure of, 61.30 -microstructure, 61.72 -materials treatment effects on, 81.40 -morphology and orientation, 81.10.A -nonlinear optical, 42.70.M -phase diagrams, 81.30 -purification, 81.10 -quantum, 67.80 Crystal structure -alloys, 61.66.D -elemental solids, 61.66.B -inorganic compounds, 61.66.F -minerals, 91.60.E -organic compounds, 61.66.H -superconductors, 74.62.B -surfaces, 68.35.B -theory, 61.50.A Crystal symmetry, 61.50.A Cuprates (superconductors), 74.72, 74.76 Curie point -ferroelectric, 77.80.B -magnetic, 75.30.K, 75.40 Current drive plasma heating, 52.50.G Current driver (magnetic confinement), 52.55.W Currents -critical (superconductivity), 74.60.J -marine geology, 91.50.J -theory of fields and particles, 11.40 Curriculum (physics education), 01.40.G Curvature measurement, 06.30.B Cusps, 52.55.L Cyclotron resonance, 76.40 Cyclotrons, 29.20.H D Dark matter, 95.35 Data acquisition, 07.05.H Databases -astronomy, 95.80 -crystallography, 61.68 Data management, 07.05.K Data visualization, algorithms for, 07.05.R Debye temperature, 63.70 Debye Waller factor, 61.10, 63.70 Decay -baryons, 13.30 -electromagnetic, 13.40.H -heavy neutrinos, 13.35.H -intermediate bosons, 13.38 -mesons -hadronic, 13.25 -leptonic and semileptonic, 13.20 -muons, 13.35.B -by proton emission, 23.50 -radioactive (see 23) -taus, 13.35.D Decision theory, 02.50.L Decoherence (quantum mechanics), 03.65.X Decomposition reactions, 82.30.L Deep energy levels, 71.55 Defect levels -bulk matter, 71.55 -surfaces and interfaces, 73.20.H Defects, crystal, 61.72 -absorption spectra, 78.40 -determination by diffraction and scattering, 61.72.D -diffusion, 66.30.L -direct observations, 61.72.D -EPR, 76.30.M -formation and annealing, 61.72.C -gettering effect, 61.72.Y -indirect evidence, 61.72.H -liquid crystals, 61.30.J, M -quantum crystals, 67.80.M -quantum tunneling, 66.35 -scattering by (electronic transport), 72.10.F -solid surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.D -superconductors, 74.62.D -thin films, 68.55.L Deflectors (optical devices), 42.79.F Deformation -effects of materials treatment, 81.40.L -kinematics of, 83.10.B -material flow, 83.50 -mathematical aspects, 46.25.C -mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.F Degasification, 07.30.B de Haas van Alphen effect, 71.18 Delay equations, in function theory, 02.30.K Delocalization (surface electron states), 73.20.J Demodulators, 84.30.Q Demographics, 89.65.C Demonstration experiments and apparatus, 01.50.M Demultiplexers, 42.79.S Dendrites, 68.70 Dense plasma focus, 52.59.H Density -changes of, 65.40.D -measurement of, 06.30.D Density-functional theory -atomic and molecular physics, 31.15.E -condensed matter, 71.15.M Depolarization effects (dielectrics), 77.22 Deposition -films and coatings, 81.15 -integrated circuits, 85.40.S Depth profiling, 61.72.S, 81.70.J Design of experiments (computers), 07.05.F Desorption -electron-stimulated, 68.43.R, 79.20.L -field induced, 79.70 -kinetics, 68.43.M -photon-stimulated, 68.43.T, 79.20.L -thermal, 68.43.V Detectors -bolometers, 07.57.K, 95.55.R -Cherenkov, 29.40.K -for elementary-particle and nuclear physics, 29.40 -infrared, 07.57.K, 85.25.P, 85.60.G -microwave, 07.57.K -optical, 42.79.P -radiowave, 07.57.K -scintillation, 29.40.M -solid-state, 29.40.W -submillimeter wave, 07.57.K, 85.25.P -tracking and position-sensitive, 29.40.G -x-ray, 07.85.F Detonation -chemical reactions, 82.33.V -fluid dynamics, 47.40 -seismology, 91.30.R Deuteron-induced reactions, 25.45 Deuterons, 27.10 Diamagnetic resonance, 76.40 Diamagnetism, 75.20 -gases, 51.60 Diamond, 81.05.U Diamond anvil cells, 07.35 Diaphanography, 87.63.L Diaphragms, optical, 42.79.A Diatomic molecules, electron correlation in, 31.25.N Dibaryons, 14.20.P Dichroism -materials, 78.20.F -molecules, 33.55 Dictionaries, 01.30.K Dielectric breakdown, 77.22.J Dielectric constant, complex, 78.20.C Dielectric devices, 85.50 Dielectric function, 77.22.C -collective excitations, 71.45.G Dielectric loss and relaxation, 77.22.G Dielectric materials, 77.84 -thin films, 77.55 Dielectric properties -gases, 51.70 -plasma, 52.25.M -related to treatment conditions, 81.40.T -solids and liquids, 77.22 Differential equations -numerical approximation and analysis, 02.60.L -ordinary, 02.30.H -partial, 02.30.J Differential geometry, 02.40 Differential thermal analysis (DTA), 81.70.P Diffraction -electron, 61.14 -neutron, 61.12 -optical, 42.25.F -x-ray, 61.10 Diffraction gratings -holographical, 42.40.E -optical, 42.79.D Diffractometers -electron, 07.78 -x-ray, 07.85.J Diffusion -adsorbates, 68.43.J -in atmosphere, 92.60.E, 94.10.L -biomolecules, 87.15.V -clusters, 36.40.S -in gases, 51.20 -in liquids, 66.10.C -momentum transport, 66.20 -in nanoscale solids, 66.30.P -neutron, 28.20.G -nuclear magnetic resonance, 82.56.L -in ocean, 92.10.L -in quantum crystals, 67.80.M -in solids, 66.30 -at solid surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.F -spin, 75.40.G -turbulent, 47.27.Q Diffusion-limited aggregation, 61.43.H Digital circuits, 84.30.S Digital imaging -astronomy, 95.75.T -image processing algorithms, 07.05.P -nuclear medicine, 87.58.M -radiography, 87.59.H Diode lasers, 42.55.P Diode-pumped lasers, 42.55.X Diodes -high-voltage, 52.59.M -junction, 85.30.K -light-emitting, 85.60.J -plasma, 52.75.F Dirac equation, 03.65.P Dirty superconductors, 74.80.B Disasters, natural and man-made, 89.60.G Discharges, electric, 52.80 Disclinations -crystals, 61.72.L -liquid crystals, 61.30.J Discriminators, electronic, 84.30.Q Diseases, 87.19.X Disk galaxies, 98.52.N Dislocations -direct observation, 61.72.F -indirect evidence, 61.72.H -theory, 61.72.B -thin films, 68.55.L Disordered solids -absorption and reflection spectra, 78.40.P -electrical conductivity, 72.80.N -infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.L -localization in, 71.55.J -photoemission, 79.60.H -structure, 61.43 -superconductivity, 74.80.B -vibrational states, 63.50 Dispersion hardening, 81.40.C Dispersion-reinforced composites, 81.05.N Dispersion relations -optical, 42.25.B, 78.20.C -phonons, 63.20.D -plasma waves, 52.35 -S-matrix theory, 11.55.F Dispersions -physical chemistry, 82.70 -rheology of, 83.80.H Displacement measurement, 06.30.B Displacive phase transitions, 63.70 Display devices -general instrumentation, 07.07.H -optical, 42.79.K -optoelectronic, 85.60.P Dissociation -chemical reactions, 82.30.L -photochemical, 82.50 -molecular -diffuse spectra, 33.80.G -by electron impact, 34.80.H -energy of, 33.15.F -single molecule, 82.37.N Distance measurement, 06.30.B Distorted-wave approximation (nuclear reactions), 24.10.E Distributed-feedback lasers, 42.55 Distribution theory, 02.50.N Divertors, 28.52.L, 52.55.R DNA, 87.14.G -chemical kinetics, 82.39.P Domain structure -ferroelectric materials, 77.80.D -magnetic films, 75.70.K -magnetic materials, 75.60.C Domain walls -cosmology, 98.80.C -field theory, 11.27 Doped-insulator lasers, 42.55.R Doping -germanium and silicon, 61.72.T -III-V and II-VI semiconductors, 61.72.V -integrated circuits technology, 85.40.R -profiles, 61.72.S, 81.70.J -superconductors, 74.62.D -thin films, 68.55.L Dose volume analysis, 87.53.T Dosimetry -electron and positron, 87.53.F, H -neutron and proton, 87.53.P, Q -photon, 87.53.B, D Double nuclear magnetic resonance (DNMR) -condensed matter, 76.70.F -molecules, 33.40 Double-plasma devices, 52.75.X Drag reduction (rheology), 83.60.Y D region, ionosphere, 94.20.E Drell Yan process, 13.85.Q Drift waves (plasma), 52.35.K Dual energy absorptiometry (medical imaging), 87.59.B Duality, strong interactions, 12.40.N Ductility, 62.20.F Ducts, flows in, 47.60 Dust processes (astrophysics), 95.30.W Dusty plasmas, 52.27.L Dwarf galaxies, 98.52.W, 98.56.W -elliptical, 98.52.P Dwarf novae, 97.30.Q Dwarf stars, 97.20 Dye lasers, 42.55.M Dynamical systems -linear, 45.30 -nonlinear, 05.45 Dynamic loading, 83.50 Dynamic mechanical analysis (rheology), 83.85.V Dynamic phases, 03.65.V Dynamometers, 07.10.P E Ear, 43.64 Early Universe, 98.80.C Earth -crust movement, vertical, 91.45.P -interior structure and properties, 91.35 -magnetic field, 91.25 Earthquakes, 91.30.P Earth satellites, artificial, 95.40 Echelles, 42.79.D Eclipses, 95.10.G Ecology, 87.23 Economics, 89.65.G ECR plasma heating, 52.50.S Eddy-current testing, 81.70.E Education, 01.40 Educational aids, 01.50 Effective mass, 71.18 Eikonal approximation, 11.80.F Einstein equation, general relativity, 04.20 Einstein Maxwell spacetime, 04.40.N Elastic constants, 62.20.D Elastic deformation -materials treatment effects, 81.40.J -mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.F Elasticity -rocks and minerals, 91.60.B -solids, 62.20.D -static, 46.25 -superconductors, 74.25.L Elastic scattering -of atoms and molecules, 34.50 -deuteron-induced reactions, 25.45.D -of electrons by atoms and molecules, 34.80.B -hadron-induced, 13.85.D -heavy-ion reactions, 25.70.B -lepton-induced reactions, 25.30.B -meson-induced reactions, 25.80.D -nucleon-induced reactions, 25.40.C, D -of photons and leptons by hadrons, 13.60.F -reactions induced by unstable nuclei, 25.60.B -triton-,3He-, and 4He-induced reactions, 25.55.C Elastic waves -rheology, 83.60.U -solids, 62.30 Elastomeric polymers, 83.80.V Elastomers -rheology, 83.80.V, W -structure, 61.41 Elastooptical effects, 78.20.H Electrets, 77.22 Electrical components, 07.50, 84.32 Electrical conductivity -Earth, 91.25.Q -materials treatment effects on, 81.40.R -metals and alloys -amorphous and liquid, 72.15.C -crystalline, 72.15.E -semiconductors and insulators, 72.20 -mixed conductivity, 72.60 -specific, 72.80 -superconductors, 74.25.F -surfaces, 73.25 -thin films, 73.50 -specific, 73.61 Electrical devices. See 85 Electrical impedance tomography, 87.63.P Electrical instruments, 07.50 Electrical noise, 07.50.H Electrical phenomena in gases, 51.50 Electrical sensors, 07.07.D Electrical shielding, 07.50.H Electric breakdown, 51.50, 52.80, 77.22.J Electric charge, 41.20.C, 84.37 Electric current measurement, 84.37 Electric discharges, 52.80 Electric fields -biological physics, 87.50.R -effects on liquid crystal structure, 61.30.G -effects on material flows, 83.60.N -electromagnetism, 41.20 -electrotherapy, 87.54.D -galactic, 98.62.E -ionosphere, 94.20.S -magnetosphere, 94.30.K -measurement, 84.37 -Milky Way, 95.35.E -planetary, 96.35.P -solar, 96.60.H -stellar, 97.10.L Electric impedance measurement, 84.37 Electric moments -atoms, 32.10.D -hadrons, 13.40.E -molecules, 33.15.K Electric motors, 84.50 Electric variable measurements, 84.37 Electrocaloric effects, 77.70 Electrochemical analysis, 82.80.F Electrochemical cells, 84.50.D Electrochemical devices, 85.80.D Electrochemical energy conversion, 84.60.D Electrochemistry, 82.45 -bioelectrochemistry, 82.45.T, 87.15.T -electrodeposition and electrodissolution, 82.45.Q -thin films, monolayers, 82.45.M Electrochromic devices, 85.60.P Electrochromism, 78.20.J Electrode kinetics, 82.45.F Electrodeposition -electrochemistry of, 82.45.Q -methods of film deposition, 81.15.P Electrodynamics -classical, 03.50.D -quantum, 12.20 Electroelasticity, 46.25.H Electrogasdynamic energy conversion, 84.60.R Electrohydrodynamics, 47.65 Electroluminescence, 78.60.F Electrolysis, 82.45 Electrolytes, structure of, 61.20.Q Electromagnetic decay, 13.40.H Electromagnetic fields, 41.20 Electromagnetic interactions, 13.40 -electroweak, 12.15 -leptons, 13.10 -unified field theories, 12.10 Electromagnetic mass differences, 13.40.D Electromagnetic moments, nuclear, 21.10.K Electromagnetic radiation -interaction with plasma, 52.40.D -from moving charges, 41.60 -solar, 96.60.T Electromagnetic testing, 81.70.E Electromagnetic waves -atmospheric optics, 42.68.A -ionosphere, 94.20.B, R -magnetosphere, 94.30.T -meteorology, 92.60.T -microwaves, 84.40 -in plasma, 52.35.H -radiowaves, 41.20.J, 84.40 -theory, 41.20.J -wave optics, 42.25.B Electromagnetism. See 41 Electromechanical resonance, 77.65 Electrometers, 07.50.L Electromigration, 66.30.Q Electron affinity -atoms, 32.10.H -molecules, 33.15.R Electron atom collisions -elastic scattering, 34.80.B -excitation and ionization, 34.80.D Electron attachment, 34.80.H, L Electron beam annealing, 81.40.E Electron beam-assisted deposition, 81.15.J Electron beam deposition, 81.15.E Electron beam effects, 61.80.F Electron beam induced current (EBIC), 68.37.H Electron beam lithography, 85.40.H Electron beams -in medicine -dosimetry, 87.53.F, 87.53.H -safety, 87.52.D -nonrelativistic, 41.75.F -polarized (atomic and molecular scattering), 34.80.N -relativistic, 41.75.H Electron capture (nuclear physics), 23.40 Electron correlation calculations, 31.25 Electron-cyclotron waves (plasma), 52.35.H, Q Electron density of states -crystalline solids, 71.20 -disordered solids, 71.23 -surfaces and interfaces, 73.20 Electron diffraction -biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.B -crystallography, 61.14 Electron diffractometers, 07.78 Electron dosimetry, 87.53.F, H Electron double resonance (ELDOR) -condensed matter, 76.70.D -molecules, 33.40 Electron emission -Auger, 79.20.F -secondary, 79.20.H -surface collisions, 34.50.D Electron energy loss spectroscopy, 79.20.U Electron gas -quantum statistical mechanics, 05.30.F -theories and models, 71.10.C -two-dimensional, 73.20 Electron hadron scattering, 13.60 Electron hole drops and plasma, 71.35.E Electron holography, 61.14.N Electronic circuits, 07.50.E, 84.30 -microelectronics, 85.40 -microwave, 84.40.D -integrated, 84.40.L -passive components, 84.32 Electronic devices. See 85 Electronic excitation and ionization -atoms, 34.50.F -molecules, 34.50.G Electronic publications, 01.30.X Electronic structure -atomic and molecular clusters, 36.40.C -atoms, molecules, and ions -calculations of, 31.15 -corrections to, 31.30 -interaction effects on, 31.70 -theory of, 31.10 -biomolecules, 87.15.M -condensed matter -calculation methods, 71.15 -crystalline solids, 71.20 -disordered solids, 71.23 -liquid metals and semiconductors, 71.22 -nanoscale materials, 73.22 -theories and models, 71.10 -macromolecules and polymer molecules, 36.20.K -superconductors, 74.25.J -surfaces, interfaces, and thin films (see 73) Electronic transport -bulk matter (see 72) -interface structures, 73.40 -mesoscopic and nanoscale systems, 73.63 -thin films, 73.50, 73.61 Electron-induced nuclear reactions, 25.30 Electron ion scattering -excitation and ionization, 34.80.K -recombination and electron attachment, 34.80.L Electron magnetohydrodynamics, 52.30.C Electron microscopes, 07.78 Electron microscopy -biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.E -dislocations and other crystal defects, 61.72.F -structure determination (see 68.37) Electron molecule collisions -dissociation, 34.80.H -elastic scattering, 34.80.B -excitation and ionization, 34.80.G Electron optics, 41.85 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) -biophysics, 87.64.H -condensed matter, 76.30 -defect structure determination, 61.72.H -molecules, 33.35 Electron phase diagrams, 71.10.H Electron phonon interactions -electronic structure of solids, 71.38 -electronic transport, 72.10.D -lattice dynamics, 63.20.K -in lattices, 63.20.K Electron positron collisions, hadron production by, 13.65 Electron positron plasmas, 52.27.E Electron probe analysis, 81.70.J Electrons, properties of, 14.60.C Electron scattering, 34.80 -atoms and molecules -elastic scattering, 34.80.B -inelastic scattering, 34.80.D, G, H -in nuclear reactions -elastic, 25.30.B -inelastic, 25.30.D, F -spin arrangement determination, 75.25 -from surfaces, 68.49.J Electron solids, 73.20.Q Electron sources, 07.77.K -in nuclear physics, 29.25.B Electron spectrometers, 07.81 Electron spectroscopy -biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.L -chemical analysis, 82.80.P -nuclear and particle physics, 29.30.D Electron stimulated desorption, 68.43.R, 79.20.L Electron tubes, 84.47 Electrooptical effects -condensed matter, 78.20.J -molecules, 33.55 Electroosmosis, in biological systems, 82.39.W Electrophoresis -biomolecular, 87.15.T -electrochemistry, 82.45 Electrophotography, 07.68 Electrophysiology -higher organisms, 87.19.N -nerve cells, 87.17.N Electroplating, 81.15.P Electroproduction reactions, nuclear, 25.30.R Electrorheological fluids, 83.80.G Electrostatic accelerators, 29.17 Electrostatic lenses, 41.85.N Electrostatics, 41.20.C Electrostatic waves -magnetosphere, 94.30.T -plasma, 52.35.F Electrostriction, 77.65 Electrotherapy, 87.54.D Electroweak interactions, 12.15 -extensions of gauge sector, 12.60.C -extensions of Higgs sector, 12.60.F -nuclear tests of electroweak models, 24.80 -in unified field theories, 12.10.D Elemental abundances and evolution, 98.80.F Elemental solids -crystal structure, 61.66.B -dielectric properties, 77.84.B Elementary particles. See 10 -astronomical observations, 95.85.R -astrophysics, 95.30.C Elementary school science education, 01.40.E Ellipsometers, 07.60.F Elliptical galaxies, 98.52.E, 98.56.E El Nino, 92.10.G Embrittlement, 81.40.N EMC effect (muon scattering), 25.30.M Emission -of electromagnetic radiation in plasmas, 52.25.O -of particles in plasmas, 52.25.T Emission spectra -atoms, 32.30, 32.50 -condensed matter, 78.55, 78.60 -molecules, 33.20, 33.50 Emissivity, optical, 78.20.C Emulsions, 82.70.K -dielectric properties, 77.84.N -nuclear, 29.40.R -photographic, 07.68 -rheological properties, 83.80.I ENDOR -condensed matter, 76.70.D -molecules, 33.40 Energy conversion, direct, 84.60 Energy extraction from ocean, 92.20.G Energy generation, nuclear astrophysics, 95.30 Energy losses -atom and molecule scattering, 34.50.B -particles in condensed matter, 61.85 Energy resources, 89.30 -direct energy conversion, 84.60 Energy storage, 84.60 Energy transfer -intramolecular, 34.30 -LET (medical physics), 87.52.D, G, L -rotational and vibrational, 34.50.E -state-to-state (chemical reactions), 82.20.R Engineering, 89.20.K Ensemble theory -classical, 05.20.G -quantum, 05.30.C Enthalpy, 05.70.C, 51.30, 65.40.G, 82.60 Entropy, 05.70, 65.40.G Environmental effects -on instruments, 07.89 -of natural and man-made disasters, 89.60.G Environmental pollution measurements -air pollution, 92.60.S -instruments for, 07.88 -water pollution, 92.40.Q Environmental regulations, 89.60.F Environmental safety, 89.60.E Enzymatic catalysis, 87.15.R Ephemerides, 95.10.K Epitaxy, 68.55.A, 81.15 Epoxy resins, 83.80 EPR paradox, 03.65.U Equations of state -gases, 51.30 -general theory, 05.70.C, 64.10 -rock formation, 91.60.F -specific substances, 64.30 Equilibrium constants, 82.60.H E region, ionosphere, 94.20.G Erosion (geophysics), 92.40.G Errata, 99.10 Error theory, 06.20.D Eruptions, 91.40.F ESCA, 82.80.P Estuarine oceanography, 92.10.S Etalons, 42.79.B Etching, 81.65.C Etch pits, 61.72.F Euclidean field theory, 11.10.C Euclidean geometries, 02.40.D Europe, 93.30.G Eutectic structure, 81.30 Evaporation -black holes, 04.70.D -field-induced, 79.70 -film deposition, 81.15.E -fluid surfaces, 68.03.F -hydrology, 92.40.J -water in atmosphere, 92.60.J Evolution, biological, 87.23 EXAFS -biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.F -condensed matter, 61.10.H Exchange interactions -energy-level splitting, 71.70.G -magnetically ordered materials, 75.30.E Exchange reactions, chemical, 82.30.H Excimer lasers, 42.55.L Excited states -atomic and molecular, 31.50.D -electron correlation in, 31.25.J -Rydberg states -atoms, 32.80.R -molecules, 33.80.R -scattering in, 34.60 -solids -electronic structure calculations, 71.15.Q -model systems, 71.10.L Excitons, 71.35 Exoelectron emission, 79.75 Exosphere, 94.10 Exotic atoms and molecules, 36.10 Exploding wires, 52.80.Q Explosions -chemical reactions, 82.33.V -compressible flows, 47.40 -electric discharges, 52.80.Q -nuclear, 28.70 -seismology, 91.30.R Extensional flows -deformation, 83.50.J -measurement of, 83.85.R Extinction coefficients, optical, 78.20.C Extranuclear effects, 23.20.N Extrasolar planets, 97.82 Extrudate swell, 83.60.J Extrusion, 81.20.H Eye, 42.66 F Fabry Perot interferometer, 07.60.L Faculae, 96.60.Q Faddeev equation, 11.80.J Failure analysis, integrated circuits, 85.40.Q Familons, 14.80.M Faraday cups, 41.85.Q Faraday effect, 33.55.A, 78.20.L Fatigue -effects of materials treatment, 81.40.N -mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.M -structural mechanics, 46.50 Faults, plate tectonics, 91.45.V Femtosecond techniques, 06.60.J -chemistry, 82.53 -condensed matter, 78.47 -nonlinear optics, 42.65.R Fermi Dirac statistics, 05.30 Fermi gas, 71.10.C Fermi liquid -marginal, 74.20.M -theory, 71.10.A Fermions -composite, 71.10.P -statistical mechanics, 05.30.F Fermi surfaces, 71.18 Ferrimagnetic resonance, 76.50 Ferrimagnetics, 75.50.G Ferrite devices, 85.70.G Ferrites, 75.50.G Ferroelasticity, 62.20.D Ferroelectric devices, 85.50 Ferroelectricity, 77.80 Ferroelectric materials, 77.84 Ferroelectric memories, 85.50.G Ferromagnetic materials -iron and its alloys, 75.50.B -metals other than iron, 75.50.C -nonmetals, 75.50.D Ferromagnetic resonance, 76.50 Few-body systems, 21.45 Fiber gyros, 42.81.P Fiber lasers, 42.55.W Fiber-optic instruments, 07.60.V Fiber optics, 42.81 Fiber-optic sensors, 42.81.P Fiber-reinforced composites, 81.05.N Fibers, synthetic and natural, 81.05.L Field desorption, 79.70 Field effect transistors, 85.30.T -spin polarized, 85.75.H Field emission, 79.70 Field-emission displays, 85.45.F Field-emission microscopy, 68.37.V Field emitters and arrays, 85.45.D Field ionization, 79.70 Field-ion microscopy, 68.37.V Field theory, 11.10 -classical, 03.50 -gauge, 11.15 -quantized fields, 03.70 -unified, 04.50, 12.10 Figure of merit, 84.60.B Filamentation, in plasma, 52.38.H Filaments, cellular, 87.16.K Films -educational aids, 01.50.F -radiation measurement, 87.66.C Filters -electronic, 84.30.V -optical, 42.79.C Financial markets, 89.65.G Fine structure -atoms, 32.10.F -molecules, 33.15.P Finite difference methods, 02.70.B -in atomic and molecular physics, 31.15.F Finite element analysis, 02.70.D First sound (quantum fluids), 67.40.M Fission fusion reactions, 25.70.J Fission reactions, 25.85 Fission reactors -design and components, 28.41 -types of, 28.50 Flagella, 87.16.Q Flames, reactions in, 82.33.V Flare stars, 97.30.N Flavor symmetries, 11.30.H Flow computation -fluid dynamics, 47.11 -rheology, 83.85.P Flow control, 47.62 Flow instabilities -in fluid dynamics, 47.20 -in rheology, 83.60.W Flowmeters, 47.80 Fluctuation phenomena -biomolecules, 87.15.Y -diamagnetism and paramagnetism, 75.20.H -magnetically ordered materials, 75.30.M -nuclear reactions, 24.60.K -plasma, 52.25.G -quantum optics, 42.50.L -statistical physics, 05.40 -superconductors, 74.40 Fluid dynamics. See 47 Fluid equation (plasma simulation), 52.65.K Fluid flow -buoyant, 47.32 -compressible, 47.40 -in ducts, channels, and conduits, 47.60 -flow control, 47.62 -instruments, 47.80 -laminar, 47.15 -nonhomogeneous, 47.55 -non-Newtonian, 47.50 -quantum fluids, 67.40.H -rarefied gas dynamics, 47.45 -reactive, radiative and nonequilibrium, 47.70 -relativistic, 47.75 -rotational, 47.32 -through porous media, 47.55.M Fluid fluid interfaces, 68.03 Fluidics, 47.85.N Fluid mechanics, applied, 47.85 Fluids -mechanical properties, 47.17 -quantum (see 67) -statistical mechanics, 05.20.J Fluorescence -atoms, 32.50 -biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.N -condensed matter, 78.55 -molecules, 33.50.D -x-ray, 78.70.E Fluoroscopy, 87.59.C Flute instability, 52.35.P Flux-line lattices, 74.60.G Flux pinning and creep, 74.60.G Foams, 82.70.R -rheology, 83.80.I Fog -atmospheric optics, 42.68.G -meteorology, 92.60.J Fokker Planck equation -kinetic theory of gases, 51.10 -plasma simulation, 52.65.F -statistical physics, 05.10.G Folding (biomolecules), 87.15.C Folds, tectonic, 91.45.T Food, rheology of, 83.80.L Forced convection, 44.27 Forces -interatomic, 34.20.C -intermolecular, 34.20.G -measurement of, 07.10.P -nuclear, 21.30 Formation heat, 82.60.C Form factors -electromagnetic, 13.40.G -photon atom interactions, 32.80.C Forming, 81.20.H Fossil fuels, 89.30.A Fourier analysis, 02.30.N Fourier optics, 42.30.K Fourier transform spectra, 32.20, 33.30 Four-wave mixing, 42.65.H, K Fractals -fluid dynamics, 47.53 -nonlinear dynamics, 05.45.D -phase transitions, 64.60.A -structure of disordered solids, 61.43.H Fractional quantum Hall effect, 73.43 Fractional statistics systems, 05.30.P Fracture -continuum mechanics of solids, 46.50 -effects of materials treatments, 81.40.N -mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.M -plate tectonics, 91.45.V -rheology, 83.60.U -rock mechanics, 91.60.B Fragmentation (nuclear reactions), 25.70.M, P Franck Condon factors, 33.70.C Free-electron devices, 52.59.R Free-electron lasers, 41.60.C Free energy, 05.70.C, 51.30, 65.40.G Free-induction decay (quantum optics), 42.50.M Free molecular flows, 47.45.D Free radicals -chemical reactions, 82.30.C -EPR of, 76.30.R F region, ionosphere, 94.20.J Frenkel defects, 61.72.J Frenkel excitons, 71.35.A Frequency, measurement of, 06.30.F Frequency conversion (nonlinear optics), 42.65.K Frequency convertors, optical, 42.79.N Frequency standards, 06.20.F -astronomical instrumentation, 95.55.S Fresnel zone plates, 42.79.C Friction -atomic scale, 68.35.A -internal, 62.40 -evidence of dislocations, 61.72.H -materials treatment effects, 81.40.P -structural mechanics, 46.55 Friction force microscopy, 07.79.S Froehlich polarons, 71.38.F Fuel -for fission reactors, 28.41.B -for fusion reactors, 28.52.C Fuel cells (energy conversion), 84.60.D Fullerenes and related materials -absorption and reflection spectra, 78.40.R -electrical conductivity, 72.80.R -electronic structure, 71.20.T -fabrication, 81.05.T -infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.N -structure, 61.48 -superconductivity, 74.70.W -thin films -electrical conductivity, 73.61.W -optical properties, 78.66.T Functional analysis, 02.30.S -quantum mechanics, 03.65.D Functional approximation, algorithms for, 02.60.G Function generators, 84.30.N Fundamental constants, 06.20.J Furnaces, 07.20.H Fuses, 84.32.V Fusion -2H-induced, 25.45 -heavy-ion induced, 25.70.J -inertial confinement -heavy-ion, 52.58.H -laser, 52.57 -light-ion, 52.58.E -magnetic confinement, 52.55 -reactions induced by unstable nuclei, 25.60.P Fusion fission reactions, 25.70.J Fusion fuels, fast ignition of, 52.57.K Fusion products effects, 52.55.P Fusion reactors, 28.52 Fuzzy logic, 07.05.M G Galactic center, 98.35.J Galactic mass, 98.60.F Galactic winds, 98.35.N, 98.62.N Galaxies -active, 98.54 -clusters of, 98.65.C -local group, 98.56 -normal, 98.52 -primordial, 98.54.K -properties of, 98.62 -protogalaxies, 98.54.K Galerkin method, 02.70.D Galvanomagnetic effects -metals and alloys, 72.15.G -semiconductors and insulators, 72.20.M -thin films, 73.50.J Game theory, 02.50.L Gamma-ray detectors, 07.85.F -superconducting, 85.25.O Gamma-ray lasers, 42.55.V Gamma rays -astronomical observations, 95.85.P -biological effects, 87.50.G -bursts, 98.70.R -in laser-plasma interactions, 52.38.P -in photochemistry, 82.50.K -radiation damage by, 61.80.E Gamma-ray sources, 07.85 -astronomical, 98.70.R Gamma-ray spectroscopy -chemical analysis, 82.80.E -condensed matter, 76.80 -instruments, 07.85.N -nuclear physics, 29.30.K Gamma-ray telescopes, 95.55.K Gamma transitions, 23.20.L Garnet devices, 85.70.G Garnets (ferrites), 75.50.G Gas chromatography, 82.80.B Gas dynamic traps, 52.55.J Gases -interplanetary, 96.50.D -physical properties (see 51) -rarefied, dynamics of, 47.45 -weakly ionized, electron scattering in, 34.80.M Gas-filled counters, 29.40.C Gas lasers, 42.55.L Gas liquid interfaces, 68.03 Gas sensors, 07.07.D Gas surface interactions, 34.50.D Gauge bosons, 14.70 Gauge field theories, 11.15 Gauge sector extensions (electroweak interactions), 12.60.C Gels, 82.70.G -reactions in, 82.33.L -rheological properties, 83.80.K Genealogical trees (complex systems), 89.75.H General physics, 01.55 General relativity. See 04 Generators -magnetohydrodynamic, 52.75.F -nuclear reactors, 28.50.M -pulse, 84.30.N Geochemical cycles, 91.65.B Geochemistry -isotopic composition, 91.65.D -low-temperature, 91.65.F -major element composition, 91.65.V -organic, 91.65.H -trace elements, 91.65.N Geochronology, 91.35.N Geodesy, 91.10 Geodetic reference systems, 91.10.W Geoelectricity, 91.25.Q Geographical regions, 93.30 Geological materials -physical properties, 91.60 -rheology, 83.80.N Geological time, 91.70 Geology, 91.65 Geomagnetic field, 91.25 Geometrical methods (classical mechanics), 45.10.N Geometrical optics, 42.15 Geometric inequalities, 02.40.F Geometric mechanics, 02.40.Y Geometric phases, 03.65.V Geometry -algebraic, 02.10 -differential, 02.40.H, M -Euclidean and projective, 02.40.D -noncommutative, 02.40.G -Riemannian, 02.40.K Geophysical instrumentation, 93.85 Geophysics. See 91 Geothermal power, 89.30.E Geothermy, 91.35.D Germanium, doping and ion implantation of, 61.72.T Gettering effect -crystals, 61.72.Y -surface treatments, 81.65.T -g factor, 32.10.F, 33.15.P, 71.18 GHZ states, 03.65.U Giant magnetoresistance, 75.70.P -magnetic memory, 85.75.B Giant resonances (nuclear reactions), 24.30.C Giant stars, 97.20.L Ginzburg Landau theory, 74.20.D Glaciers, 92.40.V Glass-based composites, 81.05.P Glasses -electrical conductivity, 72.80.N -electronic structure, 71.23.C -fabrication, 81.05.K -magnetic, 75.50.K -optical materials, 42.70.C -rheology, 83.80.A -structure, 61.43.F -thermal properties, 65.60 -thin films -electrical conductivity, 73.61.J -optical properties, 78.66.J Glass transitions, 64.70.P Glauber model, 24.10.H Glauber scattering, 11.80.L Global analysis, 02.40.V Global change, 92.70 Globular clusters, 98.20.G Glow discharge, 52.80.H Gluons, 14.70.D -in nuclei, 24.85 Gradient-index (GRIN) devices, 42.79.R -fiber-optical, 42.81.H Grain boundaries, 61.72.M Grand unified theories, 12.10.D Granular flow, 45.70.M Granular materials -fabrication, 81.05.R -rheology, 83.80.F -superconductivity, 74.80.B Granular systems, 45.70 Graphite, 81.05.U Graph theory, 02.10 Grasers, 42.55.V Gratings -holographic, 42.40.E -in nonlinear optics, 42.65.H -optical elements, 42.79.D Gravimeters, 04.80.N Gravitation -astrophysics, 95.30.S -general theory (see 04) Gravitational constant, 04.80, 06.20.J, 95.30.F Gravitational lenses, 95.30.S, 98.62.S Gravitational waves -astronomical observations, 95.85.S -detectors, 04.80.N, 95.55.Y -theory, 04.30 Gravity -Earth, 91.10 -experimental test of gravitational theories, 04.80.C -Moon, 96.20.J -in more than four dimensions, 04.50 -planets, 96.35.F -plate tectonics, 91.45.S -quantum, 04.60 -self-gravitating systems, 04.40 -supergravity, 04.65 Gravity waves -aeronomy, 94.10.J -meteorology, 92.60.D Greenhouse effect, 92.70 Greenland, 93.30.K GRIN devices, 42.79.R, 42.81.H Groundwater, 92.40.K Group theory -atomic and molecular physics, 31.15.H -mathematics, 02.20 -nuclear physics, 21.60.F -quantum mechanics, 03.65.F Gunn effect devices, 85.30.F Gyrofluid and gyrokinetic plasma simulations, 52.65.T Gyrokinetics, in plasmas, 52.30.G Gyros, fiber-optical, 42.81.P Gyroscope motion, 45.40.C Gyrotrons, 84.40.I H Hadronic decays -baryons, 13.30.E -mesons, 13.25 Hadron mass models, 12.40.Y Hadrons -interactions induced by -high and super-high energy, 13.85 -low and intermediate energy, 13.75 -mass models, 12.40.Y -neutrino interactions with, 13.15 -nuclear forces, 21.30.F -photon and charged-lepton interactions with, 13.60 -production by electron positron collisions, 13.65 -properties -baryons, 14.20 -mesons, 14.40 Haemodynamics, 87.19.U Haemorheology, 83.80.L Hall effect -quantum, 73.43 -semiconductors, 72.20.M -thin films, 73.50.J Hall effect devices, 85.30.F -hybrid, 85.75.N Hamiltonian mechanics, 45.20.J Handbooks, 01.30.K Hardening, 81.40.C, E Hardness -solids, 62.20.Q, 81.40.N -structural mechanics, 46.55 Harmonic generation (nonlinear optics), 42.65.K Harmonic oscillators, 03.65.G Hartree Fock approximation -electronic structure of atoms and molecules, 31.15.N -electronic structure of solids, 71.15.A -nuclear-structure models, 21.60.J Hawking effects, 04.60 Hearing, 43.66 -information processing in, 87.19.D Heat capacity -amorphous solids and glasses, 65.60 -chemical thermodynamics, 82.60.F -crystalline solids, 65.40.B -liquids, 65.20 -at magnetic critical points, 75.40.C -nanocrystals, 65.80 -nanotubes, 65.80 -small particles, 65.80 Heat conduction, 44.10 Heat engines, 07.20.P Heaters, 07.20.H Heat pumps, 07.20.P Heat transfer -analytical and numerical techniques, 44.05 -boundary layer, 44.20 -channel and internal, 44.15 -convective, 44.25, 44.27 -Earth's interior, 91.35.D -inhomogeneous and porous media, 44.30 -multiphase systems, 44.35 -phenomenology, 44.10 -porous media, 44.30 -pulse propagation in solids, 66.70 -radiative, 44.40 -turbulent flows, 47.27.T Heat treatments, effects on microstructure, 81.40.G Heavy-fermion solids -diamagnetism and paramagnetism, 75.20.H -electron states, 71.27 -magnetically ordered materials, 75.30.M -superconductivity, 74.70.T Heavy-ion nuclear reactions -low and intermediate energy, 25.70 -relativistic, 25.75 Heavy-ion spectroscopy, 29.30 Heavy-particle decay, 23.70 Heavy-particle dosimetry, 87.53.P, Q Heavy quark theory, 12.39.H Heisenberg model, 75.10.J Heliacs, 52.55.H Helicity amplitudes, 11.80.C Helicity injection (magnetic confinement), 52.55.W Helicons -bulk matter, 72.30 -thin films, 73.50.M Helioseismology, 96.60.L Helium -liquid mixtures, 67.60 -solid, 67.80 -spin-polarized, 67.65 Helium-3 -normal phase, 67.55 -nuclear reactions, induced by, 25.55 -superfluid phase, 67.57 Helium-4 -normal phase, 67.20 -nuclear reactions, induced by, 25.55 -superfluid phase, 67.40 Herbig Haro objects, 97.21 Hertzsprung Russell diagrams, 97.10.Z Heterodyne receivers (astronomy), 95.55.J Heterostructures -electrical properties, 73.40 -electron states, 73.21 -magnetic properties, 75.70.C -optical properties, 78.66 -photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.J -structure and nonelectronic properties, 68.65 -superconductivity, 74.80.D H I and H II regions -external galaxies, 98.58.G, H -Milky Way, 98.38.G, H Higgs bosons -non-standard model, 14.80.C -standard model, 14.80.B Higgs sector extensions, 12.60.F High-coercivity materials, 75.50.V High-current technology, 84.70 High-energy physics. See 10...20 High-energy reactions, hadron-induced, 13.85 High-field effects, 72.20.H, 73.50.F High-frequency confinenent, 52.58.Q High-frequency discharges, 52.80.P High-frequency effects -bulk matter, 72.30 -thin films, 73.50.M High-pressure effects -mechanical properties of solids, 62.50 -structural properties of materials, 81.40.V High pressure production and techniques, 07.35 High-speed techniques, 06.60.J High-Tc superconductors -critical currents, 74.60.J -devices, 85.25 -films, 74.76.B -flux pinning, 74.60.G -general properties, 74.25 -materials, 74.70, 74.72 -spatially inhomogeneous structures, 74.80 -theory, 74.20 -transition temperature, 74.10, 74.62 High-temperature techniques and instrumentation, 07.20.K High-voltage diodes, 52.59.M High-voltage technology, 84.70 H I shells, 98.58.N Histones, 87.16.S Historical notes, 01.60 History of science, 01.65 Hole burning -atomic spectra, 32.30 -condensed matter, 78.40 -molecular spectra, 33.20 Holograms -computer generated, 42.40.J -volume, 42.40.P Holographic optical elements, 42.40.E Holography -electron, 61.14.N -optical, 42.40 -recording materials, 42.70.L Hopping transport, 72.20.E Hot atom reactions, 82.30.C Hot carriers, 72.20.H, 73.50.F Hot working, 81.40.G Hubbard model -electronic structure, 71.10.F -magnetic ordering, 75.10.J -superconductivity, 74.20 Hubble constant, 98.80.E Hubble Space Telescope, 95.55.F Hueckel calculations (molecular structure), 31.15.C Humidity, 92.60.J Hybrid integrated circuits -electronic, 85.40.X -optical, 42.82.F Hybrid methods in plasma simulation, 52.65.W Hydraulic machinery, 47.85.K Hydraulics, 47.85.D Hydrodynamic instability -fluid dynamics, 47.20 -laser inertial confiement, 52.57.F Hydrodynamic models, nuclear reactions, 24.10.N Hydrodynamics -applied fluid mechanics, 47.85.D -astrophysical applications, 95.30.L -helium-3 -normal phase, 67.55.F -superfluid phase, 67.57.D -helium-4 -superfluid phase, 67.40.H -superfluidity, 47.37 Hydrodynamic waves, 47.35 Hydroelasticity, 46.40.J Hydroelectric power, 89.30.E Hydrogen -21-cm lines -external galaxies, 98.58.G -Milky Way, 98.38.G -spin-polarized, 67.65 Hydrogen bonding -chemical reactions, 82.30.R -molecules, 33.15.F Hydrography, 92.10.Y Hydrology, 92.40 Hydromagnetic plasma instability, 52.35.P Hydrophilic effects, 82.70.U -chemical reactions, 82.30.R Hydrosphere, 92 Hydrostatics, 47.85.D Hydrothermal power, 89.30.E Hygrometry, 07.07.V Hyperfine interactions, 31.30.G Hyperfine structure -atoms, 32.10.F -molecules, 33.15.P Hypernuclei, 21.80 Hyperonic atoms and molecules, 36.10.G Hyperon-induced reactions, 25.80.P Hyperon nucleon reactions, 13.75.E Hyperons, 14.20.J Hypersonic flows, 47.40.K Hyperspherical methods (atomic physics), 31.15.J Hyperthermia, 87.54.B Hysteresis -ferroelectricity, 77.80.D -magnetism, 75.60 I Ice -hydrology, 92.60.S -rheology, 83.80.N -sea, 92.10.R ICR plasma heating, 52.50.Q Image convertors, 42.79.L Image forming, 42.30.V -atmospheric optics, 42.68.S Image intensifiers, 42.79.L Image processing -algorithms, 07.05.P -in astronomy, 95.75.M -in medicine, 87.57 -in optics, 42.30 Image reconstruction -medical imaging, 87.57.G -optics, 42.30.W Imaging detectors -in astronomy, 95.55.A -optical devices, 42.79.P Impact ionization (conductivity) -semiconductors and insulators, 72.20.H -thin films, 73.50.F Impedance, electrical, 84.37 Implosions, inertial confinement, 52.57.F Impurities -absorption spectra, 78.40 -in crystals, 61.72.S -diffusion, 66.30.J -effects on superconductivity, 74.62.D -electron states, 71.55 -surfaces and interfaces, 73.20.H -EPR spectra, 76.30 -in helium -normal phase of helium 3, 67.55.L -solid, 67.80.M -superfluid helium 3, 67.57.P -superfluid helium 4, 67.40.Y -implantation, 61.72.T, V, W -magnetic, 75.30.H -in plasma, 52.25.V -in solid surfaces and solid solid interfaces, 68.35.D -in thin films, 68.55.L In-beam spectroscopy (nuclear physics). See 23 Inclusions, 61.72.Q Incommensurate solids, 61.44.F Indian Ocean, 93.30.N INDO calculations, 31.15.C Inductance measurement, 84.37 Inductors, 84.32.H Industrial laser applications, 42.62.C Industrial research and development, 89.20.B Inelastic scattering -atoms and molecules, 34.50 -deuteron-induced reactions, 25.45.D -hadron-induced reactions, 13.85 -lepton-induced reactions, 25.30 -meson-induced reactions, 25.80.E -nucleon-induced reactions, 25.40.F -triton-, 3He-, and 4He-induced reactions, 25.55.C Inertial confinement -heavy-ion, 52.58.H -laser, 52.57 -light-ion, 52.58.E Inference methods, 02.50.T Inflationary universe, 98.80.C Information science, 89.70 Infrared detectors, 07.57.K -astronomy instrumentation, 95.55.A -optoelectronic, 85.60.G -superconducting, 85.25.P Infrared excess (extrasolar planets), 97.82.J Infrared optical materials, 42.70.K Infrared radiation -astronomical observations, 95.85 -biological effects, 87.50.H -in biological techniques, 87.64.C -galactic and extragalactic, 98.70.L -interstellar, 98.38.J, 98.58.J -in photochemistry, 82.50.B -in plasma, 52.25.O -sources, 42.72.A -surface irradiation effects, 61.80.B Infrared sources, 07.57.H Infrared spectra -atoms, 32.30.B -condensed matter, 78.30 -macro- and polymer molecules, 36.20.N -molecules, 33.20.E Infrared spectrometers, 07.57.T Infrared spectroscopy -biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.J -chemical analysis, 82.80.G Initial value problem, 04.20.E Injection lasers, 42.55.P Injection molding, 83.50.U Inner-shell ionization, 32.80.H Inorganic compounds -band structure, 71.20.P -crystal structure, 61.66.F Institutes, 01.10.F Instruments -acoustical, 43.58 -for aeronomy and magnetospheric physics, 94.80 -for astronomy, 95.55 -for atomic and molecular physics (see 39) -for biophysics, 87.80 -common to several branches of physics and astronomy (see 07) -for elementary particle and nuclear physics (see 29) -environmental effects on, 07.89 -for environmental pollution measurements, 07.88 -for fluid dynamics, 47.80 -for geophysics, 93.85 -musical, 43.75 -for plasma diagnostics, 52.70 -spaceborne and space research, 07.87 Insulator metal transitions, 71.30 Insulators -absorption spectra, 78.40.H -band structure, 71.20.P -conductivity, 72.20 -specific insulators, 72.80.S -dielectric devices, 85.50 -photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.B -radiation effects, 61.82.M -thin films (conductivity), 73.61.N Insulator superconductor transitions, 74.20.M Integrable systems, 02.30.I Integral equations, 02.30.R Integral transforms, 02.30.U Integrated circuits, 85.40 -superconducting, 85.25.N Integrated optics, 42.82 Integrative biology, 87.80.V Integrodifferential equations, 02.60.N Intense beams, in plasmas, 52.35 Intense particle beams sources, 52.59 Intense radiation sources, 52.59 Interatomic distances and angles, 33.15.D Interatomic potentials and forces, 34.20.C Intercalation compounds, 71.20.T Interconnects -electrical, 84.32.D -integrated electronics, 85.40.L -integrated optics, 42.82.D -optical, 42.79.T Interdiffusion, chemical, 66.30.N Interfaces -biological, 87.68 -electronic transport, 73.40 -electron states, 73.20 -fluid fluid, 68.03 -magnetic properties, 75.70.C -microscopy, 68.37 -solid solid, 68.35 -spin polarized transport, 72.25.M -structure and roughness, 68.35.C -thermodynamic properties, 05.70.N, 68.35.M Interfacial flows, 83.50.L Interfacial tension, 68.03.C Interference, optical, 42.25.H Interferometers, 07.60.L Interferometry -in astronomy, 95.55.B, 95.75.K -atomic, 03.75.D -holographic, 42.40.K -neutron, 03.75.D -phase-shifting, 42.87.B Intergalactic matter, 98.62.R Intermediate bosons, decays of, 13.38 Intermediate-valence solids -diamagnetism and paramagnetism, 75.20.H -electron states, 71.28 -magnetic ordering, 75.30.M Intermetallic compounds, electronic structure of, 71.20.L Intermolecular potentials and forces, 34.20.G Internal conversion, nuclei, 23.20.N Internal friction -evidence of dislocations, 61.72.H -mechanical properties of solids, 62.40 International laboratory facilities, 01.52 International programs, geophysics, 93.55 Internet, 89.20.H Interplanetary matter, 96.50.D Interpolation methods, 02.60.E Interstellar matter -external galaxies, 98.58 -Milky Way, 98.38 Interstitials, 61.72.J Intracluster matter (galaxy clusters), 98.65.H Intramolecular dynamics, 34.30 Inverse photoemission spectroscopy, 78.70 Inverse problems, 02.30.Z Inversion layers, 73.20, 73.40 Inviscid flows, 47.15.K Inviscid instability, 47.20.C Ion-acoustic waves (plasma), 52.35.F, Q Ion beam-assisted deposition, 81.15.J Ion beam epitaxy, 81.15.H Ion beam lithography, 85.40.H Ion beams -negative, 41.75.C -positive, 41.75.A Ion channeling -cells, biological, 87.16.U -crystals, 61.85 Ion-cyclotron resonance plasma heating, 52.50.Q Ion-cyclotron waves (plasma), 52.35.H, Q Ion emission, secondary, 79.20.R Ion exchange -biological systems, 82.39.W -chromatography, 82.80.B -resins, 83.80 Ionic conduction -liquids, 66.10.E -nonmetals, 66.30.H -solids, 66.30.D Ionic interactions, atmospheric, 92.60.L Ion implantation -germanium and silicon, 61.72.T -III-V and II-VI semiconductors, 61.72.V -plasma-based, 52.77.D -thin films, 68.55.L -VLSI technology, 85.40.R Ionization -atoms -by atom, molecule, and ion impact, 34.50.F -by electron impact, 34.80.D -field, 79.70 -molecules -by atom, molecule, and ion impact, 34.50.G -by electron impact, 34.80.G -photochemistry, 82.50 -plasma, 52.25.J Ionization chambers, 29.40.C Ionization dosimetry, 87.66.J Ionization potentials -atoms, 32.10.H -molecules, 33.15.R Ionized cluster beam deposition, 81.15.J Ionizing radiations, biological effects of, 87.50.G Ion microscopes, 07.78 -structure determination, 68.37.V Ion molecule collisions, 34.50 Ion molecule reactions, 82.30.F Ionoluminescence, 78.60.H Ion optics, 41.85 Ionosphere -Earth, 94.20 -instrumentation for, 94.80 -planets, 96.35.K -polar cap, 94.20.K Ion plating, 81.15.J Ion propulsion, 52.75.D Ion rings, 52.55.L Ions -atomic -electronic structure (see 31) -atomic, properties of, 32.10 -molecular -electronic structure (see 31) -properties of, 33.15 -photodetachment, 32.80.G -photoionization, 32.80.F -surface neutralization, 34.50.D Ion scattering, 34.50 -structure determination, 61.18.B -from surfaces, 34.50.D, 68.49.S Ion sources, 07.77.K -in nuclear physics, 29.25.L, N Ion spectrometers, 07.81 Ion surface impact, 34.50.D, 79.20.R Ion traps, 32.80.P, 33.80.P, 39.10, 42.50.V Iron and its alloys, ferromagnetism of, 75.50.B Irradiation effects -biological, 87.50 -on instruments, 07.89 -on optical devices, 42.88 -in solids, 61.80 Irreversible thermodynamics, 05.70.L Ising model -lattice theory, 05.50 -magnetic ordering, 75.10.H Islands, geographical regions, 93.30.K Island structure, thin films, 68.55.A Isobaric analog resonances, 24.30.G Isobaric spin, 21.10.H Isomerism -biomolecules, 87.15.B -macromolecules and polymer molecules, 36.20.E -rotational, 33.15.H Isomerization reactions, 82.30.Q Isostasy -crustal movements, 91.45.P -relations to gravity observations, 91.45.S Isotope effects -atoms and molecules, 31.30.G -chemical reactions, 82.20.T Isotopes, 32.10.B -abundances and evolution, 98.80.F -radioactive, sources of, 29.25.R -separation and enrichment, 28.60 J Jahn Teller effect -atoms and molecules, 31.30 -condensed matter, 71.70.E Jets -galactic, 98.62.N -interstellar matter, 98.38.F, 98.58.F -in large-Q2 scattering, 13.87 -oceanic, 92.10.T -turbulent flows, 47.27.W Joining, 81.20.V Josephson devices, 85.25.C Josephson effects, 74.50 Joule Thomson effect, 51.30 Jovian satellites, 96.30.K Junction breakdown devices, 85.30.M Junction diodes, 85.30.K Jupiter, 96.30.K K Kaluza Klein theory, 04.50 Kaon baryon interactions, 13.75.J Kaon decays -hadronic, 13.25.E -leptonic and semileptonic, 13.20.E Kaon-induced reactions and scattering, 25.80.N Kapitza resistance, 67.40.P KDP crystals, 77.84.F Kerr effect, 33.55.F, 78.20.J Kinematics -of deformation and flow, 83.10.B -of particles, 45.50, 83.10.P -of rigid bodies, 45.40 Kinetic modes (magnetic confinement), 52.55.T Kinetic theory -gases, 51.10 -plasma, 52.25.D -statistical mechanics, 05.20.D Klystrons, 84.40.F Knight shift, 76.60.C Knot theory, 02.10.K Knudsen flow, 47.45 Kobayashi Maskawa matrix, 12.15.H Kondo effect -diamagnetism and paramagnetism, 75.20.H -electronic conduction in metals and alloys, 72.15.Q -electronic transport, theory of, 72.10.F Kondo lattice, 75.30.M Kosterlitz Thouless transition -liquid crystals, 64.70.M -magnetic systems, 75.30.K Kronig Penney model, 71.15.A Kuiper belt, 96.50.J L Labeling (nuclear medicine), 87.58.J Laboratory -computer use in, 01.50.L -course design, 01.50.Q -demonstration experiments, 01.50.P -procedures, 06.60 Laboratory facilities, national and international, 01.52 Laboratory studies of space- and -astrophysical-plasma processes, 52.72 Lagrangian mechanics, 45.20.J Lagrangians -chiral (quark models), 12.39.F -field theory, 11.10.E -general relativity, 04.20.F Lamallipods, 87.16.Q Lamellae, 82.70.U Laminar flows, 47.15, 83.50 Laminar to turbulent transition, 47.15.F, 47.27.C Landau levels, 71.70.D Langevin method, 05.10.G Langmuir Blodgett films -deposition, 81.15.L -on liquid, 68.18 -on solids, 68.47.P Lanthanum-based high-Tc superconductors, 74.72.D Laplace equation, 41.20.C Laser ablation -plasma, 52.38.P -solids, 79.20.D Laser beam annealing, 61.80.B Laser beam machining, 42.62.C Laser deposition -nanofabrication, 81.16.M -thin films, 81.15.F Laser diodes, 42.55.P Laser Doppler velocimeters, 42.79.Q Laser-driven acceleration, 41.75.J Laser imaging, medical, 42.62.B, 87.63.L Laser inertial confinement, 52.57 Laser materials, 42.70.H Laser-modified scattering -of atoms and molecules, 34.50.R -of electrons, 34.80.Q Laser operation -continuous, 42.60.P -long-pulse, 42.60.R Laser-plasma interactions, 52.38 Laser-produced plasma, 52.50.J Laser radiation -biological effects, 87.50.H -characteristics, 42.60.J -impact phenomena, 79.20.D -propagation (atmospheric optics), 42.68 -surface irradiation effects, 61.80.B Laser range finders, 06.30.G, 42.79.Q Lasers -applications of, 42.62 -general theory of, 42.55.A -optical systems, 42.60 -types of, 42.55 Laser spectroscopy, 42.62.F -condensed matter, 78.47 Laser targets, 52.57.B Laser velocimeters, 06.30.G, 42.79.Q Latent heat, 05.70.C, 65.40.G Latex rubber, 83.80.V Lattice dynamics -crystals (see 63) -solid helium, 67.80.C Lattice fermion models, 71.10.F Lattice gauge theory, 11.15.H Lattice QCD calculations, 12.38.G Lattice theory and statistics, 05.50 Lava, 91.40.H Laves phases (superconductivity), 74.70.A Leak detectors (vacuum technology), 07.30.H Least square approximation, 02.60.E Lectures -announcements, 01.10.F -publications, 01.30.B LEED, 61.14.H Length measurement, 06.30.B Lenses -design, 42.15.E -electrostatic, 41.85.N -gravitational, 95.30.S -optical, 42.79.B Lepton number, 11.30.F Leptons -beta decay, 23.40 -decays, 13.35 -in decays -of baryons, 13.30.C -of mesons, 13.20 -interactions with hadrons, 13.60 -masses and mixing, 12.15.F -nuclear reactions, 25.30 -production in hadronic interactions, 13.85.Q -properties, 14.60 -weak and electromagnetic interactions, 13.10 Level crossing -atoms, 32.80.B -molecules, 33.80.B Level splitting -atoms, 32.60 -molecules, 33.55.B -solids, 71.70 Levitation devices, magnetic, 85.70.R -superconducting, 85.25.L Levy flights, 05.40.F LIDAR, 42.68.W, 42.79.Q Lie algebra, 02.20.S Lie groups, 02.20.T Lifetimes -atomic spectra, 32.70.C -molecular spectra, 33.70.C -nuclear energy levels, 21.10.T Ligand fields, 71.70.C Light -biological effects, 87.50.H -interaction with matter, 42.50.C -mechanical effects on atoms and molecules, 32.80.L, 42.50.V -underwater, 92.10.P -zodiacal, 96.50.D Light absorption and transmission, 42.25.B -effects of atomic coherence on, 42.50.G Light-emitting diodes, 85.60.J Lightning, 52.80.M Light pressure, 42.50.V Light scattering -atmospheric optics, 42.68.M, 94.10.G -condensed matter, 78.35 -plasma, 52.25.O -wave optics, 42.25.F Light-sensitive materials, 42.70.G Light sources, 42.72 Limiters, electronic, 84.30.Q Limnology, 92.40.N Linear accelerators, 29.17 Linear energy transfer (medical physics), 87.52.D, G, L Line shape and width, 32.70.J, 33.70.J Lipids, 87.14.C Liquid crystals -anchoring, 61.30.H -defects, 61.30.J -dielectric properties, 77.84.N -displays, 42.79.K -microconfined, 61.30.P -optical devices, 42.79.K -optical materials, 42.70.D -orientation, 61.30.G -phase transitions, 64.70.M -polymer, 61.30.V -polymer dispersed, 61.30.P -rheology, 83.80.X -structure, 61.30.C, E Liquid glass transitions, 64.70.P Liquid helium. see 67 Liquid liquid interfaces, 68.05 Liquid liquid transitions, 64.70.J Liquid metals and alloys -electrical and thermal conduction, 72.15.C -electronic structure, 71.22 -structure, 61.25.M Liquid-phase epitaxy, 81.15.L Liquids -acoustical properties, 62.60 -associated, 61.20.Q -dielectric properties, 77.84.N -diffusion in, 66.10.C -electric discharge in, 52.80.W -heat capacities, 65.20 -infrared spectra, 78.30.C -ionic conduction in, 66.10.E -magnetic, 75.50.M -mechanical properties, 62.10 -molecular, 61.25.E -noble gas, 61.25.B -osmosis, 66.10.C -photoluminescence, 78.55.B -pressure effects, 62.50 -Raman spectra, 78.30.C -structure, 61.20, 61.25 -thermal conduction, 66.60 -ultraviolet spectra, 78.40.D -visible spectra, 78.40.D Liquid semiconductors -conductivity, 72.80.P -electron density of states, 71.22 Liquid solid interfaces, 68.08 Liquid solid transitions, 64.70.D Liquid thin films, 68.15 Liquid vapor transitions, 64.70.F Lithography -integrated electronics, 85.40.H -integrated optics, 42.82.C -nanolithography, 81.16.N Lithosphere, rheology of, 91.10.R Local-density approximation -atomic and molecular physics, 31.15.E -condensed matter, 71.15.M Local Group, 98.56 Localization -conductivity in metals and alloys, 72.15.R -disordered structures, 71.23, 71.55.J -lattice dynamics, 63.20.P -mobility edges, 72.20.E -superconductivity, 74.40 -surface and interface states, 73.20.F -weak, 72.15.R, 73.20.F Locomotion -cells, 87.17.J -higher organisms, 87.19.S Logic, mathematical, 02.10.A Logic devices -optical, 42.79.T -superconducting, 85.25.H Lorentz invariance, 11.30.C Lorentz transformation, 03.30 Low-dimensional structures -devices, 85.35.B -electrical properties, 73.61 -electron states, 73.21.F, H, L -optical properties, 78.66 -structure and nonelectronic properties, 68.65.F, H, L Low energy electron diffraction (LEED), 61.14.H Low energy electron microscopy, 68.37.N Low mass nuclear reactions, 25.10 Low temperature techniques, 07.20.M LSI, 85.40 Lubrication -effects of materials treatment, 81.40.P -rheology, 83.50 Luminescence spectra -atoms, 32.50 -biomolecules, 87.15.M -condensed matter, 78.60 -molecules, 33.50 Luminosity -galaxies, 98.62.Q, 98.62.V -stars, 97.10.R, 97.10.X Lunar probes, 95.55.P Luttinger liquid, 71.10.P -superconductivity, 74.20.M Lyman forest (quasars), 98.62.R Lyotropic phases, 61.30.S M Machining -materials, 81.20.W -workshop techniques, 06.60.V Mach number, 47.40 Macromolecules -biological, 87.15 -properties, 36.20 -solutions, 61.25.H Macroscopic quantum tunneling (magnetism), 74.75 Macrosonics, 43.25 Magellanic stream, 98.56.T Magma (rheology), 83.80.N Magnetic aftereffects, 75.60.L Magnetic anisotropy, 75.30.G Magnetic annealing, 75.60.N Magnetic bubbles, 75.70.K Magnetic circular dichroism -biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.N -condensed matter, 78.20.L -molecules, 33.55.A Magnetic confinement and equilibrium, 52.55 Magnetic cooling -cryogenics, 07.20.M -magnetocaloric effect, 75.30.S Magnetic coordinate systems, 94.30.B Magnetic cores, 85.70 Magnetic devices, 85.70 Magnetic domains, 75.60.C -films, 75.70.K Magnetic fields -astronomical observations, 95.85.S -biological physics, 87.50.M -effects on material flow, 83.60.N -electromagnetism, 41.20 -external galaxies, 98.62.E -generation of, 07.55.D -lunar, 96.20.J -magnetospheric, 94.30.M -measurement of, 07.55.G -Milky Way, 98.35.E -planetary, 96.35.P -solar, 96.60.H -solar wind, 96.50.B -stellar, 97.10.L -terrestrial, 91.25 Magnetic force microscopy, 68.37.R -instrumentation, 07.79.P Magnetic heads, 85.70.K Magnetic hysteresis, 76.60.E Magnetic impurity interactions, 75.30.H Magnetic induction, 41.20.G Magnetic instruments, 07.55 Magnetic lenses, 41.85.L Magnetic levitation devices, 85.70.R -superconducting, 85.25.L Magnetic liquids, 75.50.M Magnetic logic, reprogrammable, 85.75.F Magnetic materials, 75.50 Magnetic memory -using giant magnetoresistance, 85.75.B -using magnetic tunnel junctions, 85.75.D Magnetic mirrors, 52.55.J Magnetic moments -atoms, 32.10.D -hadrons, 13.40.E -local, in compounds and alloys, 75.20.H -magnetometers for, 07.55.J -molecules, 33.15.K Magnetic monopoles, 14.80.H Magnetic multilayers, 75.70 Magnetic ordering, 75.10, 75.25 Magnetic permeability measurement, 07.55 Magnetic phase transitions, 75.30.K Magnetic phenomena in gases, 51.60 Magnetic properties -clusters, 36.40.C -condensed matter (see 75) -gases, 51.60 -materials treatment effects on, 81.40.R -nanostructures, 75.75 -rocks and minerals, 91.60.P -solid helium, 67.80.J -superconductors, 74.25.H Magnetic propulsion devices, 85.70.R Magnetic reconnection in plasmas, 52.35.V Magnetic recording devices, 85.70.K, L Magnetic recording materials, 75.50.S Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -condensed matter, 76.60.P -medical applications, 87.61 -rheological applications, 83.85.F Magnetic resonance (radiation measurement), 87.66.U Magnetic resonance spectra -atoms, 32.30.D -condensed matter (see 76) -molecules, 33.25 Magnetic resonance spectrometers, 07.57.P Magnetic semiconductors -conductivity, 72.20 -magnetic properties, 75.50.P Magnetic shielding, 41.20.G -in instruments, 07.55.N Magnetic storms, 94.30.L Magnetic susceptibility -magnetically ordered materials, 75.30.C -magnetometers for, 07.55.J -molecules, 33.15.K Magnetic tail (magnetosphere), 94.30.E Magnetic thin films -devices, 85.70.K -properties, 75.70 Magnetic traps, 52.55.J, 52.55.L Magnetic variables measurement, 07.55 Magnetization -magnetic materials, 75.60.E -magnetometers for, 07.55.J -reversal, 75.60.J -superconductors, 74.25.H Magnetized target fusion, 52.55.L Magnetoacoustic devices, 85.70.E Magnetoacoustic effects -bulk matter, 72.55 -thin films, 73.50.R Magnetoactive discharges, 52.80.S Magnetocaloric effect, 75.30.S Magnetoelastic effects, 75.80 Magnetoelasticity, 46.25.H Magnetoelectric devices, 85.80.J Magnetoelectric effects, 75.80 Magnetoelectronic devices, 85.70.X -spin polarized transport, 85.75 Magnetoexcitons, 71.35.J Magnetohydrodynamic energy conversion, 52.75.F, 84.60.L Magnetohydrodynamics -in astrophysics, 95.30.Q -fluids, 47.65 -plasma dynamics and flow, 52.30.C -plasma simulation, 52.65.K Magnetomechanical effects, 75.80 Magnetometers, 07.55.G, J -superconducting, 85.25.D Magnetooptical devices, 85.70.S Magnetooptical effects, 78.20.L Magnetopause, 94.30.D Magnetoresistance -colossal, 75.30.V -giant, 75.70.P -magnetic memory, 85.75.B -metals and alloys, 72.15.G -quantum Hall effects, 73.43.Q -semiconductors, 72.20.M -thin films, 73.50.J Magnetorheological fluids, 83.80.G Magnetosheath, 94.30.V Magnetosphere -Earth -configuration, 94.30.C -interactions with ionosphere, 94.20.Y -ring currents, 94.30.J -planetary, 96.35.K Magnetostatic devices, 85.70.E Magnetostatics, 41.20.G Magnetostratigraphy, 91.25.P Magnetostriction, 75.80 Magnetostrictive devices, 85.70.E Magnetotelluric effects (geomagnetism), 91.25.Q Magnetothermal devices, 85.80.L Magnetrons, 84.40.F Magnets, 07.55.D -for beam optics, 41.85.L -permanent, 75.50.W -superconducting, 85.25.L Magnons, 75.30.D -photon magnon interactions, 71.36 -scattering by (electronic transport), 72.10.D Majorana Weyl fields, 04.50 Majorons, 14.80.M Mammography, 87.59.E Manifolds, 02.40.S, T Manipulators, 06.60.S Mantle, 91.35.G -rheology of, 91.10.R Many-body theory -nuclear reactions, 24.10.C -relativistic scattering theory, 11.80.J Many-electron systems, theories of, 71.10 Map lattices, coupled, 05.45.R Marine geology, 91.50 Marine pollution, 92.20.N Markov processes, 02.50.G Mars, 96.30.G Martensitic transformations, 81.30.K Masers, 84.40.I -circumstellar, 97.10.F -interstellar -external galaxies, 98.58.E -Milky Way, 98.38.E Masking (lithography), 42.82.C, 85.40 Mass -galactic, 98.60.F, 98.62.V -measurement of, 06.30.D -nuclear, 21.10.D, G -planetary, 96.35.F -stellar, 97.10.N, 97.10.X Mass differences, electromagnetic, 13.40.D Mass ejection (corona), 96.60.W Mass spectra, 32.10.B, 33.15.T Mass spectrometers, 07.75 Mass spectrometry -Fourier transform, 82.80.N -ion cyclotron resonance, 82.80.Q -SIMS, 68.49.S, 82.80.M -time-of-flight, 82.80.R Mass-to-light ratio (galaxies), 98.62.V Material flow, 83.50 -rock mechanics, 91.60.B Materials, new: theory, design, and fabrication, 81.05.Z Materials processing, 81.20 -rheology, 83.50.U Materials science. See 81 Materials synthesis, specific materials, 81.05 Materials testing and analysis, 81.70 Mathematical methods in physics. See 02 Matrix theory, 02.10.Y Matter waves, 03.75 Mean free path, electron -bulk matter, 72.15.L -thin films, 73.50.G Measurements common to several branches of physics and astronomy, 06.30 Measurement theory (quantum mechanics), 03.65.T Measurement units and standards, 06.20.F Mechanical alloying, 81.20.E Mechanical contacts, 46.55 Mechanical effects of light, 42.50.V Mechanical instability, 46.32 Mechanical instruments, 07.10 Mechanical properties -beams, plates, and shells, 46.70.D -biological tissues and organs, 87.19.R -biomolecules, 87.15.L -deformation and flow, 83.50 -fluids, 47.17 -gases, 51.35 -liquids, 62.10 -materials treatment effects, 81.40 -solids, 62.20 -solid surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.G -superconductors, 74.25.L -thin films, 68.60.B Mechanical resonance, 62.40 Mechanical systems, control of, 45.80 Mechanical testing, 81.70.B Mechanical variables measurement, 07.10 Mechanical vibrations, 46.40 Mechanical waves -resonance and damping, 46.40.F -wave propagation, 46.40.C Mechanics -celestial, 45.50.P, 95.10.C -classical, 45 -continuum, 46, 83.10.F -Lagrangian and Hamiltonian, 45.20.J -Newtonian, 45.20.D -quantum, 03.65 -quantum statistical, 05.30 -statistical, 05.20 -structural, 46.70 Medical imaging -equipment, 87.62 -general, 87.57 -magnetic resonance, 87.61 -non-ionizing radiation, 87.63 -nuclear medicide, 87.58 -techniques, 87.59 -x-ray, 87.59 Medical physics. See 87 Meissner effect, 74.25.H Melting, 64.70.D Melts -crystal growth from, 81.10.F -film deposition from, 81.15.L Melt-textured superconductors, 74.80.B Membrane processes -biological, 87.15.K, 87.16.D -biological systems, 82.39.W Membranes, structural mechanics of, 46.70.H Memory devices -magnetic, 85.70, 85.75 -optical, 42.79.V -superconducting, 85.25.H Mercury-based high-Tc superconductors, 74.72.H Mercury (planet), 96.30.D Mergers (galaxies), 98.65.F MESFET, 85.30.T Mesonic atoms and molecules, 36.10.G Meson meson interactions, 13.75.L Mesons -hadronic decays, 13.25 -leptonic decays, 13.20 -production by photons and leptons, 13.60.L -properties, 14.40 -reactions and scattering induced by, 25.80 Mesophase rheology (liquid crystals), 83.80.X Mesoscopic systems -electronic transport, 73.23, 73.63 -electron states and collective excitations, 73.21 -structure and nonelectronic properties, 68.65 Mesosphere, 94.10 Mesozoic period, 91.70.D Metabolism, 87.58 Metal based composites, 81.05.N Metal insulator metal structures, 73.40.R Metal insulator semiconductor structures, 73.40.Q Metal insulator transition, 71.30 Metallic glasses -electronic structure, 71.23.C -synthesis, 81.05.K Metallization, integrated circuits, 85.40.L Metallurgy. See 81 Metal metal contacts, 73.40.J Metal nonmetal contacts, 73.40.N Metals -amorphous (transport properties), 72.15.C -band structure, 71.20.B, D, E, G -diamagnetism and paramagnetism, 75.20.E -impurity and defect absorption, 78.40.K -impurity and defect levels, 71.55.A -infrared spectra, 78.30.E -liquid -electrical and thermal conduction, 72.15.C -electronic structure, 71.22 -structure, 61.25.M -mass renormalization, 71.38.C -phase diagrams, 81.30.B -photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.B -processing, 81.05.B -radiation effects, 61.82.B -Raman spectra, 78.30.E -self-diffusion in, 66.30.F -spin polarized transport, 72.25.B -structure -amorphous, 61.43.D -crystalline, 61.66.B -superconducting, 74.70.A -thin films -electrical conductivity, 73.61.A -optical properties, 78.66.B -transport processes, 72.15 -visible and ultraviolet spectra, 78.40.K Metal semiconductor metal structures, 73.40.S Metal vapor lasers, 42.55.L Metamagnetism, 75.30.K Metastable phases, 64.60.M Meteorites, 96.50.M -effects of cosmic rays on, 96.40.V Meteorology, 92.60 Meteors, 96.50.K Metrology, 06.20 -laser applications, 42.62.E MHD modes (magnetic confinement), 52.55.T Micelles, 82.70.U -reactions in, 82.33.N -rheology of, 83.80.Q Microcavity and microdisk lasers, 42.55.S Microdosimetry, 87.53.R Micro-electromechanical systems, 85.85 Microelectronics, 85.40 -superconducting, 85.25.N -vacuum, 85.45 Microemulsions, interfacial properties of, 68.05.C Microgels (rheology), 83.80.K Microgravity environments -for crystal growth, 81.10.M -materials testing in, 81.70.H Microlensing techniques (astronomy), 95.75.D Micromachining -biology, 87.80.M -microelectronics, 85.40.H Micromanipulators (biology), 87.80.F Micromechanical devices, 07.10.C Microparticles -magnetic materials, 75.50.T -optical properties, 78.66.V Microphones, 43.58 Microscopy -atomic force -in biophysics, 87.64.D -instrumentation, 07.79.L -structure determination, 68.37.P -electron -in biophysics, 87.64.E -dislocation observations, 61.72.F -instrumentation, 07.78 -structure determination, 68.37.E, H, L, N -field-ion and field emission -instrumentation, 07.78 -structure determination, 68.37.V -friction force, 07.79.S -magnetic force -instrumentation, 07.79.P -structure determination, 68.37.R -optical -in biophysics, 87.64.R -conventional, 07.60.P -near-field scanning, 07.79.F -scanning tunneling -in biophysics, 87.64.D -instrumentation, 07.79.C -structure determination, 68.37.E -x-ray -instrumentation, 07.85.T -structure determination, 68.37.Y Microstructure -crystals, 61.72 -liquid crystals, 61.30.C -materials treatment effects, 81.40 -solidification, 81.30 Microtubules, cellular, 87.16.K Microwave circuits, 84.40.D -integrated, 84.40.L Microwave optical double resonance spectroscopy, 33.40 Microwave radiation -biological effects, 87.50.J -interactions with condensed matter, 78.70.G -in plasma, 52.25.O -plasma heating by, 52.50.G -receivers and detectors, 07.57.K -sources, 07.57.H -therapy, 87.54 -wave propagation, 41.20.J, 84.40 Microwave spectra -astronomical observations, 95.85.B -atoms, 32.30.B -molecules, 33.20.B Microwave spectrometers, 07.57.P Microwave spectroscopy (chemical analysis), 82.80.H Microwave technology, 84.40 Microwave tubes, 84.40.F Mie scattering, 42.25.F, 42.68.M Military technology, 89.20.D Milky Way, 98.35 -solar neighborhood, 98.35.P Millimeter wave technology, 84.40 Milling, 81.20.W Mineralogy -geophysical aspects, 91.65 Moon, 96.20.D Minerals -occurences and deposits, 91.65.R -physical properties, 91.60 Minisuperspace models, 04.60.K Minor planets, 96.30.Y Mirrors -magnetic (plasma), 52.55.J -optical, 42.79.B -design, 42.15.E Mixed conductivity, 72.60 Mixed state (superconductivity), 74.60.E Mixed-valence solids, 71.28, 75.20.H, 75.30.M Mixers, electronic, 84.30.Q Mixing -granular systems, 45.70.M -materials processing (rheology), 83.50.X -solutions, 64.75 Mixtures, 64.75 Mobility edges, 72.20.E MOCVD, 81.15.G Mode coupling, in plasmas, 52.35.M Mode locking, 42.60.F Moderators (nuclear reactors), 28.41.P Modulation doped field effect transistors (MODFET) Modulation transfer functions -atmospheric optics, 42.68 -eye, 42.66 -imaging and optical processing, 42.30.L Modulators -electronic, 84.30.Q -lasers, 42.60.F -optical, 42.79.H Moire patterns, 42.30.M Moisture -atmosphere, 92.60.J -measurement of, 07.07.V -soil, 92.40.L Molding, 81.20.H Molecular beam epitaxy, 81.15.H Molecular beams -chemical reactions, 34.50.L -interactions with solids, 79.20.R -sources and detectors, 07.77.G -structural irradiation effects, 61.80.L Molecular biophysics, 87.15 Molecular clouds -in external galaxies, 98.58.D -in the Milky Way, 98.38.D Molecular clusters, 36.40 Molecular collisions. see 34 Molecular conformation, 33.15.B -biomolecules, 87.15.H -macromolecules and polymers, 36.20.E Molecular dynamics -biomolecules, 87.15.H -correlation times, 33.15.V -macromolecules and polymers, 36.20.E -rheology, 83.10.M -computer simulation of, 83.10.R Molecular dynamics calculations -atomic and molecular physics, 31.15.Q -condensed matter, 71.15.P -disordered solids, 61.43.B -liquid structure, 61.20.J -mathematical methods, 02.70.N -in plasmas, 52.65.Y Molecular electronic devices, 85.65 Molecular flows, 47.45.D Molecular interactions -biomolecules, 87.15.K -fundamentals of astrophysics, 95.30.F Molecular liquids, structure of, 61.25.E Molecular moments, 33.15.K Molecular nanostructures, fabrication of, 81.07.N Molecular-orbital methods -atoms and molecules, 31.15.N -solids, 71.15.A Molecular physics. See 30 Molecular sieves, 82.75 Molecular solids, 31.70.K Molecular spectra, 33.20 -astrophysics, 95.30.K Molecular structure, 33.15 Molecular weights (macromolecules and polymers), 36.20.C Molecule manipulation -proteins and other biological molecules, 82.37.R -STM and AFM studies, 82.37.G Molecule molecule reactions, 82.30.C Molecules -cooling and trapping of, 33.80.P -scattering, 34.50 -from surfaces, 34.50.D, 68.49.D Molten salts, structure of, 61.20.Q Monochromators, charged-particle, 41.85.S Monographs, 01.30.E Monolayers, 68.18, 68.47.P -electrochemistry, 82.45.M Monolytic integrated circuits, 85.40 Monopoles, magnetic, 14.80.H Monte Carlo method -applications of, 02.50.U -disordered solids, 61.43.B -justification or modification of, 02.50.T -liquid structure, 61.20.J -nuclear-reaction models, 24.10.L -nuclear structure, 21.60.K -plasma simulation, 52.65 -in probability theory and statistics, 02.50.N -quantum, 02.70.S -radiotherapy, 87.53.W -statistical physics and nonlinear dynamics, 05.10. L Moon, 96.20 Morphogenesis, 87.18.L Morphometry, 87.80.P MOS devices, 85.30.T MOSFET, 85.30.T Moessbauer spectroscopy -in biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.P -in chemical analysis, 82.80.E -molecules, 33.45 -solids, 76.80 -structural analysis, 61.18.F Motion (classical mechanics), 45.50.D Motion sensors, 07.07.D Motor proteins, 87.16.N Motors, 84.50 MRI, 87.61 Multicomponent plasmas, 52.27.C Multidimensional NMR, 82.56.F Multilayers -electron states, 73.21.A -magnetic ordering, 75.70.C -optical properties, 78.66 -structure and nonelectronic properties, 68.65.A -superconductivity, 74.80.D Multinuclear NMR, 82.56.H Multiphase flows, 47.55.K Multiphoton ionization and excitation -atomic spectra, 32.80.R -molecular spectra, 33.80.R -quantum optics, 42.50.H Multiphoton microscopy (biophysics), 87.64.V Multiphoton processes, in photochemistry, 82.50.P Multiple resonances (molecular spectroscopy), 33.40 Multiple scattering (relativistic theory), 11.80.L Multiplexers, 42.79.S Multivariate analysis, 02.50.S Muon hadron scattering, 13.60 Muonic atoms and molecules, 36.10.D Muon-induced nuclear reactions, 25.30.M Muonium, 36.10.D -chemical reactions, 82.20.T Muon lepton scattering, 13.10 Muons -astronomical observations, 95.85.R -capture by nuclei, 23.40 -cosmic rays, 96.40.T -decays, 13.35.B -properties, 14.60.E -scattering, 25.30.M Muon spin rotation and relaxation, 76.75 Muscles, 87.19.F Music and musical instruments, 43.75 N Nambu Goldstone bosons, 14.80.M Nanocontacts -electronic transport, 73.63.R -fabrication, 81.07.L Nanocrystalline materials -diffusion, 66.30.P -electronic structure, 73.22 -electronic transport, 73.63.B -fabrication, 81.07.B -magnetic, 75.50.T -mechanical properties, 62.25 -optical properties, 78.67.B -phase transitions, 64.70.N -phonons or vibrational states, 63.22 -radiation effects, 61.82.R -structure, 61.46 -thermal properties, 65.80 Nanodiffraction, 61.14.L Nano-electromechanical systems, 85.85 Nanoelectronic devices, 85.35 Nanofabrication, methods of, 81.16 Nanolithography, 81.16.N Nanooxidation, 81.16.P Nanoparticles -electronic structure, 73.22 -optical properties, 78.67.B -phonons, 63.22 -structure, 61.46 -thermal properties, 65.80, 82.60.Q Nanopowders, 81.07.W Nanoscale pattern formation, 81.16.R Nanoscale systems -electronic transport, 73.63 -electron states, 73.21 -fabrication, 81.07 -femtochemistry, 82.53.M -magnetic properties, 75.75 -optical properties, 78.67 -photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.J -structure and nonelectronic properties, 68.65 Nanosecond techniques, 06.60.J Nanostructures. See Nanoscale systems Nanotechnology -methods of nanofabrication and processing, 81.16 -nano-electromechanical systems, 85.85 -nanoelectronic devices, 85.35 -nanoscale materials and structures, 81.07 Nanotubes -devices, 85.35.K -electronic structure, 73.22 -electronic transport, 73.63.F -fabrication, 81.07.D -optical properties, 78.67.C -structure, 61.46 -thermal properties, 65.80 Narrow-band semiconductors (electron states), 71.28 National laboratory facilities, 01.52 Natural materials, rheology of, 83.80.M (N,d) reactions, 25.40.H Near-field scanning optical microscopy, 68.37.U -in biophysics, 87.64.X -instrumentation, 07.79.C Nebulae -external galaxies, 98.58 -Milky Way, 98.38 -solar, 96.10 Negative-ion plasmas, 52.27.C Negative resistance, 72.20.H, 73.50.F Nematic liquid crystals -phase transitions, 64.70.M -rheology, 83.80.X -structure, 61.30 Neotectonics, 91.45.E Neptune, 96.30.R Nerve cells, 87.17.N Neural engineering, 87.80.X Neural networks, 84.35 -cellular, 87.18.S -computers, 07.05.M -optical, 42.79.T Neuroscience, 87.19.L Neutral currents, 12.15.M Neutrinos -astronomical observations, 95.85.R -cosmic rays -galactic, 98.70.S -Solar System, 96.40.T -decays, 13.35.H -interactions, 13.15 -mass and mixing, 14.60.P -non-standard model, 14.60.S -nuclear scattering, 25.30.P -ordinary, 14.60.L -solar, 26.65, 96.60.J Neutron diffraction, 61.12 -biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.B Neutron dosimetry, 87.53.P, Q Neutron hyperon interactions, 13.75.E Neutron-induced fission, 25.85.E Neutron interferometry, 03.75.D Neutron meson interactions, 13.75, 13.85 Neutron neutron interactions, 13.75.C, 13.85 Neutron optics, 03.75.B Neutron pion interactions, 13.75.G, 13.85 Neutron proton interactions, 13.75.C, 13.85 Neutron reflectometry, 61.12.H Neutrons -absorption, 28.20.F -diffusion and moderation, 28.20.G -distribution in nuclei, 21.10.G -properties, 14.20.D -radiation damage by, 61.80.H -sources of, 29.25.D Neutron scattering, 28.20.C -elastic, 25.40.D -inelastic -condensed matter, 78.70.N -nuclear reactions, 25.40.F -radiative capture, 25.40.L -spin arrangements determination, 75.25 -structural analysis, 61.12 Neutron shielding -medical physics, 87.52.G -nuclear engineering, 28.20.F Neutron spectroscopy, 29.30.H Neutron stars, 97.60.J -nuclear matter aspects of, 26.60 Newtonian mechanics, 45.20.D NEXAFS, 61.10.H Nightglow, 94.10.R Niobates -dielectric materials, 77.84.B -superconductors, 74.70.A Nitrides -dielectric materials, 77.84.B -refractories, 81.05.J -superconductors, 74.70.A NMR imaging, 76.60.P Noise -acoustic, 43.50 -electrical circuits, 07.50.H -electronic -bulk matter, 72.70 -thin films, 73.50.T -integrated circuits, 85.40.Q -lasers, 42.60.M -quantum, 42.50.L -statistical physics, 05.40.C -superconductivity fluctuations, 74.40 -turbulence-generated, 47.27.S Nondestructive testing, 81.70 Nonequilibrium processes -chemical reaction kinetics, 82.40.B -fluid flows, 47.70 -superconductivity, 74.40 -thermodynamics, 05.70.L Non-Fermi-liquid ground states, 71.10.H Nonhomogeneous flows, 47.55 Nonlinear acoustics, 43.25 Nonlinear dynamics, 05.45 Nonlinear guided waves, 42.65.T Nonlinear (nonlocal) field theory, 11.10.L Nonlinear optical materials, 42.70.M, N Nonlinear optics, 42.65 -with polymers, 82.35.E Nonlinear symmetries, 11.30.N Nonlinear waveguides, 42.65.W Nonneutral plasmas, 52.27.J Non-Newtonian fluid flows, 47.50 Nonradiative transitions, 32.50.H, 33.50, 78.55 North America, 93.30.H Novae, 97.30.Q, 97.80.G -evolution, nuclear physics aspects of, 26.50 -nucleosynthesis in, 26.30 Nozzle flow, 47.60 (n,p) reactions, 25.40.K (N,t), (N,3He), and (N,) reactions, 25.40.H Nuclear astrophysics. See 26 Nuclear binding energy, 21.10.D Nuclear charge, 21.10.F Nuclear collective resonances, 24.30.C, G Nuclear coulomb effects, 21.10.S Nuclear data analysis, 29.85 Nuclear decay. See 23 Nuclear deformation, 21.10.G Nuclear emulsions, 29.40.R Nuclear energy levels, 21.10 Nuclear engineering. See 28 Nuclear explosions, 28.70 Nuclear fission, 24.75 -reactions, 25.85 Nuclear fission power, 89.30.G Nuclear forces, 21.30 Nuclear form factors, 13.40, 21.10.F, G Nuclear fusion power, 89.30.J Nuclear g-factors, 21.10.K Nuclear giant resonances, 24.30.C Nuclear hole states, 21.10.P Nuclear instrumentation. See 29 Nuclear magnetic resonance -biophysics, 87.64.H -chemical physics, 82.56 -condensed matter, 76.60 -defect structure determinations, 61.72.H -molecules, 33.25 -solid helium, 67.80.J -structural analysis, 61.18.F, 82.56.U -superconductors, 74.25.N Nuclear mass, 21.10.D Nuclear materials safety, 28.41.T Nuclear matter, 21.65 Nuclear medicine, 87.58 Nuclear models, 21.60 Nuclear moments, 21.10.K Nuclear orientation devices, 29.30.L Nuclear Overhauser effect, 33.35 Nuclear parity, 21.10.H Nuclear physics. See 20 Nuclear processes (astrophysics), 95.30.C Nuclear properties, 21.10 -specific nuclei (see 27) Nuclear quadrupole resonance -condensed matter, 76.60.G -molecules, 33.25 Nuclear reactions. See 24 and 25 Nuclear reactors -fission type, 28.41, 28.50 -fusion type, 28.52, 52.55 -safety, 28.41.T, 28.52.N Nuclear shell model, 21.60.C Nuclear tests of fundamental interactions and symmetries, 24.80 Nucleation -chemical thermodynamics, 82.60.N -crystal growth, 81.10.A -phase transitions, 64.60.Q -thin films, 68.55.A Nuclei. See 20 Nucleon decays, 13.30, 14.20.D Nucleon hyperon interactions, 13.75.E Nucleon-induced reactions, 25.40 Nucleon kaon interactions, 13, 75.J Nucleon meson interactions, 13.75.G, 13.85, J Nucleon nucleon interactions, 13.75.C, 13.85 Nucleon pion interactions, 13.75.G, 13.85 Nucleons, 14.20.D Nucleosynthesis -Big Bang, 26.35 -cosmic rays, 26.40 -cosmology, 98.80.F -stellar, 97.10.C -hydrostatic, 26.20 -novae, supernovae, 26.30 Nucleus, compound -heavy-ion reactions, 25.70.G -nuclear reactions, 24.60.D Number theory, 02.10.D Numerical methods (mathematics), 02.60 O Obituaries, 01.60 Observatories, 95.45 Occultations, 95.10.G Ocean biology, 92.20.J Ocean bottom processes, 91.50.E Ocean chemistry, 92.20.C Ocean/Earth/atmosphere interaction, 91.10.V Oceanic crust seismology, 91.30.Y Oceanographic regions, 93.30 Oceanography, 92.10 Oceans -fine structure and microstructure, 92.10.N -global changes, 92.70.J -thermohaline structure and circulation, 92.10.M ODMR, 76.70.H Ohmic contacts, 73.40.C Omega mesons, 14.40.E One-dimensional conductivity, 72.15.N One-meson exchange models, 12.40.V Oort cloud, 96.50.H Opalescence, 78.20 Operational calculus, 02.30.V Operator theory, 02.30.T Ophthalmic optics, 42.66.C Optical absorption -in atmosphere, 42.68.A, 94.10.G -in condensed matter, 78.20.C -in plasma, 52.25.O -wave propagation, 42.25.B Optical activity -condensed matter, 78.20.E -molecules, 33.55.A Optical beam splitters, 42.79.F Optical bistability, 42.65.P Optical coatings, 42.79.W Optical collimators, 42.79.A Optical communication systems, 42.79.S Optical computers, 42.79.T Optical constants, 78.20.C Optical cooling and trapping -atoms, 32.80.P -molecules, 33.80.P Optical correlation, 42.30 Optical correlators, 42.79.H Optical couplers, 42.82.E -fiber-optical, 42.81.Q -non-fiber-optical, 42.79.G Optical design, 42.15.E Optical devices, 42.79 Optical disks, 42.79.V Optical elements, 42.79 Optical fibers, 42.81 Optical filters, 42.79.C Optical frequency converters, 42.79.N Optical instabilities (quantum optics), 42.65.S Optical instruments, 07.60 Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR), 76.70.H Optical materials, 42.70 Optical methods in rheology, 83.85.E Optical mixing, 42.65.H, K Optical models (nuclear reactions), 24.10.H Optical modulators, 42.79.H Optical nutation, 42.50.M Optical processors, 42.79.H Optical properties -bulk materials and thin films, 78.20 -clusters, 36.40.V -gases, 51.70 -materials treatment effects on, 81.40.T -nanocrystals and nanoparticles, 78.67.B -nanotubes, 78.67.C -plasma, 52.70.K -quantum dots, 78.67.H -quantum wells, 78.67.D -quantum wires, 78.67.L -rocks and minerals, 91.60.M -specific thin films, 78.66 -surfaces, 78.68 Optical pumping -atoms, 32.80.B -molecules, 33.80.B Optical radars, 42.79.Q Optical scanners, 42.79.L Optical sensors, 07.07.D, 42.79.P Optical storage -devices, 42.79.V -media, 42.70.L Optical switches, 42.65.P, 42.79.T Optical systems, 42.79 -design, 42.15.E Optical testing, 42.87 Optical tomography, 42.30.W Optical transfer function, 42.30.L Optical trapping (biology), 87.80 Optical waveguides, 42.82.E -fiber, 42.81.Q -non-fiber, 42.79.G -nonlinear, 42.65.W Optical workshop techniques, 42.86 Optic nerve, 42.66.E Optics. See 42 Optoelectronic devices, 85.60 Optogalvanic spectroscopic methods, 82.80.K Orbits (astronomy) -determination of, 95.10.E -planetary, 96.35.F Order disorder transitions, 64.60.C, 64.70.K, 81.30.H -crystallographic aspect, 61.50.K -materials science aspects, 81.30.H -surfaces, 68.35.R Organelles, 87.16.T Organic compounds -absorption and reflection spectra, 78.40.M -dielectric properties, 77.84.J -electronic structure, 71.20.R -EPR spectra, 76.30 -fabrication, 81.05.L -infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.J -optical materials, 42.70.J -photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.F -photoluminescence, 78.55.K -radiation effects, 61.82.P -structure, 61.66.H -superconductivity, 74.70.K -thin films -conductivity, 73.61.P -optical properties, 78.66.Q Organic inorganic hybrid nanostructures, 81.07.P Organic semiconductors, 72.80.L Organisms -properties of, 87.19 -radiation and external field effects on, 87.50 Oscillating flow, 47.35 Oscillations -laser, 42.60.R -plasma, 52.35 -seismological, 91.30.K -solar, 96.60.L -stellar, 97.10.S Oscillators -coupled, 05.45.X -electronic, 84.30.N -optical parametric, 42.65.Y Oscillator strengths -atomic spectra, 32.70.C -molecular spectra, 33.70.C Oscilloscopes, 07.07.H Osmosis, in biological systems, 82.39.W Osteodensitometry, 87.59.L Oxidation, 81.65.M Oxides -dielectric properties, 77.84.B -refractories, 81.05.J Ozone layer -atmospheric chemistry, 82.33.T -global change, 92.70.C P Pacific Ocean, 93.30.P Pairing interactions (electronic structure), 71.10.L Pairing symmetries (superconductivity), 74.20.R Pair production, 23.20.R Paleomagnetism, 91.25.N Paleozoic period, 91.70.F Parallaxes (stellar), 97.10.V Paramagnetic resonance, 76.30 Paramagnetism, 75.20 Parametric oscillators and amplifiers, optical, 42.65.Y Parity -nuclear properties, 21.10.H -symmetry (fields and particles), 11.30.E Partial differential equations, 02.30.J Particle acceleration -classical mechanics, 45.50.D -interplanetary space, 95.50.P Particle beams sources, 52.59 Particle correlations, relativistic collisions, 25.75.G Particle generation (laser plasma interactions), 52.38.P Particle-in-cell method (plasma simulation), 52.65.R Particle orbits -classical mechanics, 45.50.P -plasma, 52.20.D -plasma simulation, 52.65.C Particle production (relativistic collisions), 25.75.D Particle-theory models (Early Universe), 98.80.C Passivation, 81.65 Pastes, 83.80.H Patch clamping (biology), 87.80.J Path-integral methods (atomic physics), 31.15.K Pattern formation -cells, biological, 87.18.H -chemical kinetics, 82.40.C -complex systems, 89.75.K -ecological, 87.23 -fluid dynamics, 47.54 -granular systems, 45.70.Q Pattern recognition, 42.30.S Pattern selection (fluid dynamics), 47.54 Pattern transfer techniques -integrated electronics, 85.40.H -integrated optics, 42.82.C (p,n) reactions, 25.40.Q Peierls instability -electronic conduction, 72.15.N -metal insulator transitions, 71.30 Penetration depth (superconductivity), 74.25.H Penning discharges, 52.80.S Perception -speech, 43.71 -visual, 42.66.S Percolation (phase transitions), 64.60.A Permanent magnets, 75.50.W Permittivity, 77.22.C Perovskites (superconductivity), 74.72, 74.76.B Persistent currents (mesoscopic systems), 73.23.R Personal notes, 01.60 Perturbation theory -atomic physics, 31.15.M -classical mechanics, 45.10.H -continuum mechanics, 46.15.F -electronic structure of solids, 71.15 -gauge field theories, 11.15.B -plasma simulation, 52.65.V -quantum chromodynamics, 12.38.B, C Petrology -geophysical aspects, 91.65 -Moon, 96.20.D Phantoms (dosimetry), 87.66.X Phase, of electromagnetic field, 42.50.D Phase coherence -matter waves, 03.75.D -quantum optics, 42.50.G Phase conjugation, 42.65.H Phase contrast microscopy (biophysics), 87.64.R Phase diagrams -electrons, 71.10.H -metals and alloys, 81.30.B -nonmetallic systems, 81.30.D -superconductors, 74.25.D Phase equilibria. See 64 Phase identification (thin films), 68.55.N Phase retrieval (optics), 42.30.R Phase separation, 64.75 Phase transitions, 05.70.F, 64.60, 64.70 -chemical thermodynamics, 82.60.F -clusters, 36.40.E -crystallographic aspects, 61.50.K -displacive, 63.70 -excitonic, 71.35.L -ferroelectric, 77.80.B -Langmuir Blodgett films, 68.18.J -magnetic, 75.30.K -nanoscale materials, 64.70.N -quantum Hall effects, 73.43.N -rheology, 83.10.T -rocks and minerals, 91.60.H -solid-solid, 81.30 -at surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.R Philosophy of science, 01.70 PH measurement, 82.80.Y Phonon exciton interactions, 63.20.L Phonon magnon interactions, 63.20.L Phonon phonon interactions, 63.20.K Phonons -crystal lattices, 63.20 -low-dimensional structures, 63.22 -nanoscale materials, 63.22 -photon phonon interactions, 71.36 -scattering by, 72.10.D Phosphorescence -atoms, 32.50 -condensed matter, 78.55 -molecules, 33.50.D Phosphorescence microwave double resonance, 33.40 Photoacoustic effect, 78.20.H Photoacoustic spectroscopy -chemical analysis, 82.80.K -materials testing, 81.70.C Photocathodes, 85.60.H Photochemical reactions, control of, 82.50.N Photochemistry, 82.50 -biomolecules, 87.15.M, R -oceanography, 92.20.K -single molecule, 82.37.V Photoconductivity -bulk matter, 72.40 -thin films, 73.50.P Photodetachment -atomic negative ions, 32.80.G -molecules, 33.80.E Photodetectors -astronomy, 95.55.A -infrared, 07.57.K -optical devices, 42.79.P -optoelectronics, 85.60.G -superconducting, 85.25.O Photodiodes, 85.60.D Photodissociation -biomolecules, 87.15.M -molecules, 33.80.G -pump-probe studies of, 82.53.E Photodynamic therapy, 87.54.F Photoelasticity, 78.20.H Photoelectrets, 77.22.E Photoelectric energy conversion, 84.60.J Photoelectron microscopy, 68.37.X Photoelectron spectroscopy -biophysics, 87.64.L -chemical analysis, 82.80.P -condensed matter, 79.60 -molecules, 33.60 Photoemission, 79.60 Photofission, 25.85.J Photogrammetry, 91.10.L Photography, 07.68 -astronomical applications, 95.75.D Photoionization -atoms, 32.80.F -inner-shell ionization, 32.80.H -multiphoton ionization, 32.80.R -biomolecules, 87.15.M -molecules, 33.80.E -multiphoton ionization, 33.80.R -photochemical reactions, 82.50 Photolithography, 85.40.H Photoluminescence, 78.55 Photolysis, 82.50.V Photometers, 07.60.D -in astronomy, 95.55.Q, 95.75.D Photomultipliers, 85.60.H -nuclear physics, 29.40 Photon atom interactions, 32.80 -coherent control of, 32.80.Q Photon counting and statistics, 42.50.A Photon echo, 42.50.M Photon hadron scattering, 13.60 Photonic band gap materials, 42.70.Q Photonic switching, 42.65.P, 42.79.S, T Photon molecule interactions, 33.80 Photons -inclusive production, 13.85.Q -interactions with hadrons, 13.60 -nonclassical states, 42.50.D -photon magnon interactions, 71.36 -properties, 14.70.B -solar, 96.40.F Photon statistics, 42.50.A Photon-stimulated desorption, 68.43.T, 79.20.L Photonuclear reactions, 25.20 Photoproduction -baryons, 13.60.R -mesons, 13.60.L -nuclear, 25.20.L Photorefractive effect -nonlinear optics, 42.65.H -optical materials, 42.70.N Photoresistors, 84.32.F, 85.60.D Photoresists, 85.40.H Photosphere -solar, 96.60.M -stellar, 97.10.E Photosynthesis (oceanography), 92.20.L Photothermal effect, 78.20.N Phototransistors, 85.60.D Phototubes, 85.60.H Photovoltaic conversion, 84.60.J Photovoltaic effect -bulk matter, 72.40 -thin films, 73.50.P Physical chemistry. See 82 Physics education research, 01.40.F Physics literature and publications, 01.30 Physiological acoustics, 43.64 Physiological optics, 42.66 Physisorption, 68.43 Picosecond techniques, 06.60.J, 42.65.R, 78.47 Piezoelectric devices, 85.50 Piezoelectric fields, strain-induced, 77.65.L Piezoelectricity, 77.65 Piezoelectric materials, 77.84 Piezooptical effects, 78.20.H Piezoreflectance, 78.20.H Piezoresistance -semiconductors and insulators, 72.20.F -thin films, 73.50.D Pinch devices, 52.58.L Pinning (superconductivity), 74.60.G Pion absorption and capture, 25.80.G, L Pion decays, 13.20.C, 13.25.C Pions -astronomical observations, 95.85.R -detectors (astronomy), 95.55.V -pion baryon reactions, 13.75.G -pion-induced nuclear reactions, 25.80 Pipe flow, 47.60 Planetary nebulae, 98.38.L, 98.58.L Planetary rings, 96.30.W Planets -extrasolar, 97.82 -formation, 96.35.C -interaction with solar wind, 96.50.E -probes, 95.55.P -properties, 96.35 Solar System, 96.30 Plane wave method, 71.15.A Plankton, 92.20.R Plasma antennas, 52.40.F Plasma applications, 52.77 Plasma confinement -magnetic, 52.55 -nonmagnetic, 52.58 Plasma crystals, 52.27.L Plasma density, 52.25 Plasma devices, 52.75 Plasma diagnostics, 52.70 Plasma diodes, 52.75.F Plasma discontinuities, 52.35.T Plasma dynamics, 52.30 Plasma etching, 52.77.B Plasma flow, 52.30 -ionosphere, 94.20.W Plasma focus devices, 52.58.L Plasma gyrokinetics, 52.30.G Plasma heating, 52.50 Plasma impurities, 52.25.V Plasma instabilities, 52.35 Plasma interactions, nonlaser, 52.40 Plasma material interactions, 52.40.H Plasmapause, 94.20.P Plasma production, 52.50 Plasma propulsion, 52.75.D Plasma reactions, 82.33.X Plasmas -astrophysical, 95.30.Q -dusty, 52.27.L -electron positron plasmas, 52.27.E -elementary processes, 52.20 -high-current, 52.77.F -high-pressure, 52.77.F -ionosphere, 94.20.W -magnetized, 52.25.X -magnetohydrodynamics, 52.30 -magnetosphere, 94.30.F, G -multicomponent, 52.27.C -neutrals in, 52.25.Y -nonneutral, 52.27.J -quark-gluon, 12.38.M -relativistic, 52.27.N -sheaths, 52.40.K -single-component, 52.27.A -solid-state, 72.30, 73.50.M -strongly-coupled, 52.27.G Plasma simulation, 52.65 Plasma sources, 52.50.D Plasmasphere, 94.20.M Plasma spraying, 81.15.R Plasma switches, 52.75.K Plasma torches, 52.75.H Plasma turbulence, 52.35.R Plasma waves, 52.35 -interplanetary space, 96.50.R Plasmons -bulk matter, 71.45.G -clusters, 36.40.G -surfaces and interfaces, 73.20.M Plasticity -continuum mechanics, 46.35 -materials treatment effects on, 81.40.L -mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.F -rheology, 83.50 Plastics, 83.80 -preparation, 81.05.L -structure, 61.41 Plates, structural mechanics of, 46.70.D Plate tectonics, 91.45.D Pleochromism, 78.20.F Pluto, 96.30.S Pluton emplacement, 91.45.Y Plutonium generation, 28.50.F Pneumatic machinery, 47.85.K Pneumodynamics, 87.19.U p-n junctions, 73.40 (p,n) reactions, 25.40.K Pockels effect, 78.20.J Poincar invariance, 11.30.C Point contact devices, 85.30.H Point contacts, superconducting, 74.80.F Point defects, 61.72.J Poiseuille flow, 83.50 Poisson equation, 41.20.C Poisson ratio -mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.D -treatment of materials, 81.40.J Polar cap ionosphere, 94.20.K Polarimeters, 07.60.F -in astronomy, 95.55.Q, 95.75.H Polaritons, 71.36 Polarizability -atoms, 32.10.D -molecules, 33.15.K Polarization -atmospheric optics, 42.68.M -dielectric, 77.22.E -DNMR, 76.70.F -in nuclear reactions, 24.70 -optical fibers, 42.81.G -particle interactions, 13.88 -starlight, 97.10.L -wave optics, 42.25.J Polarized beams (accelerators), 29.27.H Polarized ion sources, 29.25.L Polarized targets, 29.25.P Polarizers, optical, 42.79.C Polarons -electronic structure of solids, 71.38 -theory of superconductivity, 74.20.M Polar regions, 93.30.S Polar wobble, 91.10.N Polishing, 42.86, 81.65, 81.65.P Pollution -atmospheric, 92.60.S -effects on instruments, 07.89 -instruments for measurement of, 07.88 -marine, 92.20.N Polyatomic molecules, electron correlation in, 31.25.Q Polyelectrolytes, 82.35.R Polymer blends (rheology), 83.80.T Polymer films, 61.41, 61.P, 73, 78.66.Q Polymerization, 82.35 -biomolecules, 82.35.P, 87.15.R Polymer molecules, 36.20 Polymer reactions, 82.35 Polymers -absorption and reflection spectra, 78.40.M -chemical reactions, 82.35 -dielectric properties, 77.84.J -elastomeric, 83.80.V -electrical conductivity, 72.80.L -electronic structure -condensed matter, 71.20.R -molecules, 36.20.K -infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.J -melts and solutions, 61.25.H -nanoparticles in, 82.35.N -nonlinear optics with, 82.35.E -optical materials, 42.70.J -photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.F -physical properties of, 82.35.L -preparation, 81.05.L -radiation effects, 61.82.P -reinforced, 81.05.Q -rheology of, 83.80 -structure -condensed phase, 61.41 -molecular, 36.20 -on surfaces, 68.47.P, 82.35.G -thin films -electrical properties, 73.61.P -optical properties, 78.66.Q Polymer solutions -rheology, 83.80.R -structure, 61.25.H Polymorphic transformations -crystallographic aspects, 61.50.K -materials science aspects, 81.30.H Pomeranchuk poles, 11.55.J, 12.40.N Ponderomotive effects, in plasmas, 52.35.M Population dynamics (ecology), 87.23.C Population inversion, 32.80.B, 33.80.B, 42.50 Porous materials -chemical reactions in, 82.33.L -fabrication, 81.05.R -flow through, 47.55.M -heat transfer in, 44.30 -photoluminescence, 78.55.M -structure, 61.43.G Portal imaging (radiation therapy), 87.53.O Position-sensitive detectors, 29.40.G Positron annihilation, 78.70.B Positron atom interactions, 34.80 Positron emission, 79.20.M Positron emission tomography (PET), 87.58.F Positronium, 36.10.D -chemical reactions, 82.30.G Positron microscopes, 07.78 Positron molecule interactions, 34.80 Positrons -properties, 14.60.C -radiation damage by, 61.80.F -states, 71.60 Positron scattering -atomic and molecular collisions, 34.85 -nuclear reactions, 25.30.H Potential energy surfaces -chemical kinetics, 82.20.K -excited electronic states, 31.50.D -ground electronic states, 31.50.B -molecular collisions, 34.20.M -surface crossings, 31.50.G Potential flows, 47.15.H Potential models, 12.39.P Potentials -atom molecule, 34.20.G -interatomic, 34.20.C -intermolecular, 34.20.G Potential theory (mathematics), 02.30.E Potts models -lattice theory and statistics, 05.50 -magnetism, 75.10.H Powder diffraction -neutron, 61.12.L -x-ray, 61.10.N Powder metallurgy, 81.20.E Powders -processing, 81.20.E -spray coating, 81.15.R -structure, 61.43.G -superconducting, 74.80.B Power electronics, 84.30.J Power lines, biological effects of, 87.50.J Power reactors, 28.50.H Power supply circuits, 84.30.J Power transmission lines, 84.70 Precambrian period, 91.70.H Precipitation -hydrology, 92.40.E -ionosphere, 94.20.Q -materials synthesis, 81.20.F -meteorology, 92.60.J -phase transformations, 81.30.M -in solidification, 81.30.M Precipitation hardening, 81.40.C Predissociation, 33.80.G Pressure effects -crystal structure, 61.50.K -mechanical properties of solids, 62.50 -rocks and minerals, 91.60.G -superconductors, 74.62.F Pressure sensors, 07.07.D Pressure treatment, 81.40.V Primordial galaxies, 98.54.K Prisms, 42.79.B Probability theory, 02.50.C Probes, lunar and planetary, 95.55.P Projection systems, 42.79 Projective geometries, 02.40.D Prominences, solar, 96.60.S Proportional counters, 29.40.C Propulsion -magnetic devices, 85.70.R -plasma, 52.75.D -reactors, 28.50.K Proteins, 36.20, 87.14.E -membrane protein interactions, 87.15.K -motor, 87.16.N Protogalaxies, 98.54.K Proton absorption, 25.40.L Proton dosimetry, 87.53.P, Q Proton hyperon interactions, 13.75.E, 13.85 Proton neutron interactions, 13.75.C, 13.85 Proton nucleus reactions, 25.40 Proton pion interactions, 13.75.G, 13.85 Proton proton interactions, 13.75.C, 13.85 Proton radiative capture, 25.40.L Protons, properties of, 14.20.D Proton scattering (nuclear reactions) -elastic, 25.40.C -inelastic, 25.40.E Protostars, 97.21 Proximity effects, 74.50 Pseudopods, 87.16.Q Pseudopotential method, 71.15.D Psychological acoustics, 43.66 Publications in electronic media, 01.30.X Pulsars, 97.60.G Pulse circuits, 84.30.S Pulse compression (optical), 42.65.R Pulse generators, 84.30.N Pulse sequences, in NMR, 82.56.J Pump-probe studies -with bound states, 82.53.H -photodissociation, 82.53.E Pumps, vacuum, 07.30.C Purification, materials, 81.20.Y Pyroelectric devices, 85.50 Pyroelectric effects, 77.70 Pyrolysis, 82.30.L Pyrometers, 07.20.K Pyrometry, 07.20.K PZT ceramics, 77.84.D Q Q-switching, 42.60.G Quadrupole magnets, 41.85.L Quadrupole moments, 21.10.K, 33.15.K Quadrupole resonance, 76.60.G Quality assurance (radiotherapy) -equipment, 87.56.F -procedures, 87.53.X Quantized fields, 03.70 Quantized spin models, 75.10.J Quantum acoustics, 43.35 Quantum beats, 42.50.M Quantum biology, 87.10 Quantum chromodynamics, 12.38 -in nuclei, 24.85 Quantum communication, 03.67.H Quantum computation, 03.67.L Quantum condensation, 03.75.F Quantum cosmology, 98.80.H Quantum cryptography, 03.67.D Quantum crystals, 67.80 Quantum dots -devices, 85.35.B -electronic transport, 73.63.K -electron states, 73.21.L -fabrication, 81.07.T -optical properties, 78.67.H -structure and nonelectronic properties, 68.65.H Quantum electrodynamics, 12.20 Quantum ensemble theory, 05.30.C Quantum entanglement, 03.65.U Quantum field theory, 03.70, 11.10 Quantum fluctuations, 42.50.L Quantum fluids. See 67 Quantum gravity, 04.60 Quantum groups, 02.20.U Quantum Hall effects, 73.43 Quantum information, 03.67 Quantum interference devices -semiconductor, 85.35.D -superconducting, 85.25.D Quantum jumps, 42.50.L Quantum localization -metals and alloys, 72.15.R -surfaces and interfaces, 73.20.F Quantum mechanics, 03.65 Quantum noise, 42.50.L Quantum nonlocality, 03.65.U Quantum optics, 42.50 Quantum statistical mechanics, 05.30 Quantum tomography, 03.65.W Quantum tunneling of defects, 66.35 Quantum wells -devices, 85.35.B -electronic structure, 73.21.F -electronic transport, 73.63.H -fabrication, 81.07.S -magnetic, 75.70.C -optical properties, 78.67.D -structure and nonelectronic properties, 68.65.F Quantum wires -devices, 85.35.B -electronic transport, 73.63.N -electron states, 73.21.H -fabrication, 81.07.V -optical properties, 78.67.L -structure and nonelectronic properties, 68.65.L Quantum Zeno dynamics, 03.65.X Quark confinement, 12.38.A Quark gluon plasma, 12.38.M Quark models, 12.39 Quarkonia -decays -hadronic, 13.25.G -leptonic and semileptonic, 13.20.G -properties -mass 2.5 GeV, 14.40.G Quarks, 14.65 -in nuclei, 24.85 -masses and mixing, 12.15.F Quartz, optical material, 42.70.C Quartz resonator, 77.65.F Quasars, 98.54.A -absorption- and emission-line systems, 98.62.R Quasicrystals -electronic structure, 71.23.F -magnetic materials, 75.50.K -structure, 61.44.B Quasiparticle methods (atomic physics), 31.15.L Quenching (fluorescence) -atoms, 32.50 -condensed matter, 78.55 -molecules, 33.50.H Quenching (thermal), 81.40.G R Radar, 84.40.X Radiation belts, 94.30.H Radiation chemistry, 82.50 Radiation detectors, 07.57.K, 29.40, 85.25.P Radiation effects -biological, 87.50 -on instruments, 07.89 -on optical elements, devices and systems, 42.88 -in solids, 61.80 Radiation fields, 04.40.N Radiation hardening, 81.40.W Radiation pressure, 32.80.P, 33.80.P Radiation therapy -equipment, 87.56 -ionizing radiations, 87.53 -non-ionizing radiations, 87.54 -radiation measurement, 87.66 Radiation treatment, 81.40.W Radiative capture of nucleons, 25.40.L Radiative corrections -atoms and molecules, 31.30.J -electromagnetic, 13.40.K -electroweak, 12.15.L Radiative flows, 47.70 Radiative recombination, 78.60 Radiative transfer -astrophysics, 95.30.J -in atmosphere, 42.68.A -heat transfer, 44.40 -stellar, 97.10.E Radioactive dating, 93.85 Radioactive pollution, 89.60 Radioactive sources, 29.25.R Radioactive wastes, 28.41.K Radioactivity. See 23 -oceanic, 92.20.T Radioastronomy techniques, 95.75 Radiobiology, 87.50.G Radiochemical activation analysis, 82.80.J Radiochromic films, 87.66.C Radio-frequency spectra -atoms, 32.30.B -molecules, 33.20.B Radio galaxies, 98.54.G Radioimmunotherapy, 87.53.N Radiolysis, 82.50.K Radiometers, 07.60.D Radiopharmaceuticals, 87.58.J Radiosurgery, 87.53.L Radio telescopes, 95.55.J Radiowave radiation -astronomical observations, 95.85.B -biological effects of, 87.50.J -interactions with condensed matter, 78.70.G -in plasma, 52.25.O -plasma diagnostics, 52.70.G -plasma heating, 52.50.G -sources, galactic and extragalactic, 98.70.D -wave propagation, 41.20.J, 84.40 Radiowave receivers and detectors, 07.57.K Radiowave sources, 07.57.H Radiowave spectrometers, 07.57.P Radiowave technology, 84.40 Rain, 92.60.J Raman lasers, 42.55.Y Raman scattering, in plasmas, 52.38.B Raman spectroscopy -biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.J -CARS, 42.65.D -chemical analysis, 82.80.G -condensed matter, 78.30 -macro- and polymer molecules, 36.20.N -molecules, 33.20.F Random media (continuum mechanics), 46.65 Random-phase approximation (nuclear structure), 21.60.J Random processes, 05.40 Random walks, 05.40.F Range finders, optical, 42.79.Q Rare earth metals and alloys -electric conductivity, 72.15.E -electronic structure, 71.20.E Rarefied gas dynamics, 47.45 Rate constants (chemical kinetics), 82.20.P -correlation function theory of, 82.20.S -quantum effects in, 82.20.X -stochastic theories of, 82.20.U Rayleigh scattering -condensed matter, 78.35 -molecules, 33.20.F -nonlinear optics, 42.65.E -plasmas, 52.38.B Rayleigh Taylor instabilities, 52.35.P Ray tracing, 42.15.D Reaction kinetics, chemical, 82.20, 82.37, 82.39, 82.40 Reactive flows, 47.70 Reactor materials -fission reactors, 28.41.Q -fusion reactors, 28.52.F Reactors -chemical, 82.40.B -nuclear (see 28) Recombination -radiative, 78.60 -semiconductors, 72.20.J -thin films, 73.50.G Recording media -holographic, 42.40.H -magnetic, 85.70.K, L Recrystallization -in crystal growth, 81.10.J -materials treatment effects, 81.40.E Red shift, 98.62.P Reflection coefficients, 78.20.C Reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), 61.14.H Reflection spectra, 78.40 Reflectometers, 07.60.H Reflectors, optical, 42.79.F Refraction, 42.25.G Refractive index, 78.20.C Refractometers, 07.60.H Refractories, fabrication, 81.05.J, M Refrigeration, 07.20.M Regge theory -S-matrix theory, 11.55.J -strong interactions, 12.40.N Regulatory chemical networks, 87.16.Y Regulatory issues -biology, 87.80.V -radiation safety, 87.52.T Reinforced materials -composites, 81.05.N -polymers, 81.05.Q Relativistic astrophysics, 95.30.S Relativistic corrections -atomic structure, 31.30.J -band structure, 71.15.R Relativistic electron beams, 41.75.H Relativistic fluid dynamics, 47.75 Relativistic heavy-ion collisions, 25.75 Relativistic mechanics, 03.30 Relativistic models (nuclear reactions), 24.10.J Relativistic plasmas, 52.27.N Relativistic scattering theory, 11.80 Relativistic stars, 04.40.D Relativistic wave equations, 03.65.P Relativity -general -approximation methods, equations of motion, 04.25 -classical, 04.20 -special, 03.30 Relaxation processes -chemical kinetics, 82.20.R -dielectrics, 77.22.G -electronic conduction in metals and alloys, 72.15.L -electron spin resonance, 76.30 -helium-4, 67.40.F -muon spin rotation, 76.75 -nuclear magnetic resonance, 33.25, 76.60, 82.56.N -quantum optics, 42.50.H Relays, 84.32.D Remote sensing, 07.07.D -in astronomy, 95.75.R -atmospheric optics, 42.68.W -optical devices, 42.79.Q -radar, 84.40.X Renner Teller effects, 33.20.W Renormalization -field theory, 11.10.G, 11.10.H -phase transitions, 64.60.A -statistical physics and nonlinear dynamics, 05.10. C Reptation, 83.10.K Resins, ion-exchange, 83.80 Resistance measurement, 84.37 Resistors, 84.32.F Resists, 85.40.H Resonance reactions, nucleon-induced, 25.40.N Resonances -baryon, 14.20.G -heavy-ion induced, 25.70.E -nuclear reactions, 24.30 -relativistic heavy-ion collisions, 25.75.G Resonant tunneling, 73.40.G Resonant tunneling devices, 85.30.M -spin polarized, 85.75.M Resonating valence bond model, 74.20.M Resonators, lasers, 42.60.D Resource letters, 01.30.R Reversals, 91.25.M Reviews, 01.30.R Reynolds number, 83.10 -high, 47.27.J -low, 47.15.G RF discharges, 52.80.P RHEED, 61.14.H Rheology. See 83 -body fluids, 87.19.T -lithosphere and mantle, 91.10.R Rheopexy, 83.60.P Riemannian geometries, 02.40.K Rigid bodies, dynamics and kinematics of, 45.40 Ring currents (magnetosphere), 94.30.J Ring galaxies, 98.52.S Ring lasers, 42.55.W Rings, planetary, 96.30.W Risk/benefit analysis (radiation safety), 87.52.P Rivers, 92.40.F RNA, 82.39.P, 87.14.G Robotics, 45.40.L Robotic vision, 42.30.T Rocks -physical properties, 91.60 -rheology, 83.80.N Rods, structural mechanics of, 46.70.H Room acoustics, 43.55 Rotamaks, 52.55.L Rotation, measurement of, 06.30.G Rotational constants, molecular, 33.15.M Rotational energy transfer, 34.50.E Rotational flows, 47.32 Rotational isomerism, 33.15.H Rotational levels -macromolecules, 36.20.N -molecules, 33.20.S -nuclei, 21.10.R Rovibronic states, 33.20.W Rubber, 81.05.L Ruthenates (superconducting materials), 74.70.P Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, 61.85 Rydberg states -excitation and ionization -atoms, 32.80.R -molecules, 33.80.R -scattering in, 34.60 S Safety -fission reactor, 28.41.T -fusion reactor, 28.52.N -laboratory, 06.60.W -laser systems, 42.60.B -medical physics, 87.52 Sagnac effect, fiber gyros, 42.81.P Sample preparation, 06.60.E Sandpile models, 45.70.C Satellites -artificial, 07.87 -Earth, 95.40 -lunar and planetary probes, 95.55.P -orbits of, 91.10.S -communication, 84.40.U -interaction with solar wind, 96.50.E -planetary, 96.30 Saturn, 96.30.M Scaling phenomena -complex systems, 89.75.D -field theory, 11.10.J Scanners, optical, 42.79.L Scanning Auger microscopy, 68.37.X Scanning electron microscopy, 68.37.H Scanning tunneling microscopes, 07.79.C Scanning tunneling microscopy -biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.D -surface structure, 68.37.E Scattering -Brillouin -condensed matter, 78.35 -nonlinear optics, 42.65.E -plasma waves, 52.38.B -elastic -atomic and molecular, 34.50 -pion nucleus, 25.80.D -electromagnetic radiation in plasmas, 52.25.O -electron -atomic and molecular collisions, 34.80 -in magnetic structure determinations, 75.25 -nuclear reactions, 25.30 -structure determination, 61.14 -in electronic transport -metals and alloys, 72.15.Q -semiconductors and insulators, 72.20.D -thin films, 73.50.B -hadron-induced -high-energy, 13.85 -low-energy, 13.75 -hyperon-induced, 25.80.P -inelastic -atomic and molecular, 34.50 -neutron, 25.40.F -pion, 25.80.E -laser-modified, 34.50.R, 34.80.Q -muon-nucleus, 25.30.M -neutrino-nucleus, 25.30.P -neutron, 28.20.C -structural analysis, 61.12 -nonrelativistic theory, 03.65.N -by phonons and magnons, 72.10.D -pion inclusive, 25.80.L -positron-nucleus, 25.30.H -relativistic theory, 11.80 -x-ray -condensed matter, 78.70.C -structure determination, 61.10 Scattering matrix, 11.55 Scattering methods (electronic structure), 71.15.A Scattering theory (quantum mechanics), 03.65.N Schlieren devices, 42.79.M Schottky barrier diodes, 85.30.H, K Schottky barriers, 73.30 Schottky defects, 61.72.J Science -in elementary and secondary school, 01.40.E -government policy, 01.78 -history of, 01.65 -philosophy of, 01.70 -and society, 01.75 Scintillation cameras (nuclear medicine), 87.58.P Scintillation detectors, 29.40.M Seafloor spreading, 91.25.J Sea level, 92.10.H Seas, regional, 93.30.R Seawater -optical properties, 92.10.P -physical properties, 92.10.B Secondary electron emission, 79.20.H Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), 68.49.S, 82.80.M Second harmonic generation, 42.65.K Second sound (quantum fluids), 67.40.P Sedimentary petrology, 91.65.T Sedimentation -hydrology, 92.40.G -marine geology, 91.50.J Sediment transport, oceanic, 92.10.W Segregation, 64.75 granular systems, 45.70.M Seiches, 92.10.J Seismology, 91.30 Selected-area electron diffraction, 61.14.L Selenodesy, 96.20.J Self-assembly (nanofabrication), 81.16.D Self-consistent field calculations -atoms and molecules, 31.15.N -nuclear structure, 21.60.J -solids, 71.15.M Self-diffusion -in metals and alloys, 66.30.F -in nonmetals, 66.30.H Self-focusing -in laser-plasma interactions, 52.38.H -nonlinear optics, 42.65.J Self-gravitating systems, 04.40 Self-induced transparency, 42.50.M Self-organization -complex systems, 89.75.F -statistical physics, 05.65 Semiclassical theories -atomic physics, 31.15.G -gauge fields, 11.15.K -quantum mechanics, 03.65.S Semiconductor detectors -for nuclear physics, 29.40.W -optoelectronic, 85.60 Semiconductor devices, 85.30 Semiconductor lasers, 42.55.P Semiconductors -absorption and reflection spectra, 78.40.F -amorphous (conductivity), 72.80.N -thin films, 73.61.J -band structure, 71.20.M, N -conductivity, 72.20 -doping, 61.72 -fabrication, 81.05.C, D, E, G, H -impurity levels, 71.55 -infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.A, F -liquid -conductivity of, 72.80.P -electronic structure, 71.22 -magnetic, 75.50.P -nonlinear optical materials, 42.70.N -photoemission, 79.60.E -photoluminescence, 78.55 -radiation effects, 61.82.F -semiconductor electrolyte contacts, 73.40.M -semiconductor insulator semiconductor structures, 73.40.T -semiconductor metal semiconductor structures, 73.40.V -semiconductor to insulator structure, 73.40.Q -semiconductor to semiconductor contacts, 73.40 -spin polarized transport, 72.25.D -thin films -optical properties, 78.66 -transport processes, 73.50, 73.61 Semiconductors, elemental -band structure, 71.20.M -conductivity, 72.80.C -impurity and defect levels, 71.55.A -infrared and Raman spectra, 78.55.A -photoluminescence, 78.55.A -processing, 81.05.C -thin films -conductivity, 73.61.C -optical properties, 78.66.D -photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.B Semiconductors, III-V -doping and ion implantation, 61.72.V -electrical conductivity, 72.80.E -fabrication, 81.05.E -impurity and defect levels, 71.55.E -infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.F -photoluminescence, 78.55.E -thin films and layered structures -electrical properties, 73.61.E -optical properties, 78.66.F Semiconductors, II-VI -doping and ion implantation, 61.72.V -electrical conductivity, 72.80.E -fabrication, 81.05.D -impurity and defect levels, 71.55.G -infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.F -photoluminescence, 78.55.C -thin films and layered structures -electrical properties, 73.61.G -optical properties, 78.66.H Semimetals -electronic structure, 71.20.G -impurity and defect absorption, 78.40.K -impurity and defect levels, 71.55.A -processing, 81.05.B -self-diffusion, 66.30.F -visible and ultraviolet spectra, 78.40.K Sensors -chemical, 07.07.D -electrical, 07.07.D -fiber-optical, 42.81.P -gas, 07.07.D -magnetic field, 85.75.S -motion, 07.07.D -optical, 42.79.P, Q -pressure, 07.07.D Sensory perceptions, 87.19.B Septa (beam optics), 41.85.N Sequences and series, 02.30.L Servo devices, 07.07.T Set theory, 02.10.A Seyfert galaxies, 98.54.C Shape memory effects, 62.20.F, 64.70.K, 81.30.K Shear flows -instability, 47.20.F -rheological measurements, 83.85.V -steady (rheology), 83.50.A -thick, 47.27.P -thin wall-bounded, 47.27.L Shear modulus, 62.20.D, 81.40.J Shear stress, 83.10 Shear thinning and shear thickening, 83.60.R Shear turbulence, 47.27.N Shelf processes, 91.50.C Shell model (nuclear structure), 21.60.C Shells, structural mechanics of, 46.70.D Shielding (nuclear technology), 28.41.Q Shock tubes, 07.35 Shock waves -chemical reaction kinetics, 82.40.F -fluid dynamics, 47.40.N -interplanetary, 96.50.F -in plasma, 52.35.T -plasma production and heating by, 52.50.L -seismology, 91.30.M -in solids, 62.50 -structural mechanics, 46.40.C Short-range order -amorphous materials, 61.43 -magnetically ordered materials, 75.40 Shutters, optical, 42.79.A Signal processing -in acoustics, 43.60 -electronic circuits for, 07.50.Q -in optics, 42.79.S, T Silicon, doping and ion implantation of, 61.72.T Single-electron devices, 85.35.G Single-electron tunneling, 73.23.H Single-molecule kinetics, 82.37 Single-particle states (nanoscale materials), 73.22.D Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), 87.58.C Singularity theory, 02.40.X Sintering, 81.20.E Size effects -bulk matter, 72.30 -thin films, 73.50.M Skin effect, 72.30 Skyrmions, 12.39.D Sky surveys, 95.80 Slip (evidence of dislocations), 61.72.H Slip flows -gas dynamics, 47.45.G -rheology -boundary effects, 83.50.L -wall slip, 83.50.R Slug flow, 47.55.K Slurries, 83.80.H Small-angle scattering -neutron, 61.12.E -x-ray, 61.10.E S-matrix theory, 11.55 Snow, 92.40.R Social systems -anthropology, 89.65.E -demographics, 89.65.C -dynamics, 87.23.G -economics, 89.65.G -urban planning, 89.65.L Soil moisture, 92.40.L Solar absorbers, 42.79.E Solar cells and arrays, 84.60.J Solar collectors and concentrators, 42.79.E Solar flares, 96.60.R Solar instruments, 95.55.E Solar nebula, 96.10 Solar neighborhood, 98.35.P Solar neutrinos, 26.65, 96.60.J Solar particles and photons, 96.40.F Solar physics, 96.60 Solar power, 89.30.C Solar pulsations, 96.60.L Solar streamers, 96.60.P Solar system. See 96 Solar wind, 96.60.V -electric and magnetic fields, 96.50.B -interactions with planets, satellites and comets, 96.50.E -interaction with magnetosphere, 94.30.V Soldering, 06.60.V Solenoids, 84.32.H Sol gel processing, 81.20.F Sol gel transition, 83.80.J Solid helium, 67.80 Solidification, 64.70.D, 81.30.F Solid liquid transitions, 64.70.D Solid-phase epitaxy and growth, 81.15.N Solid solid interfaces, 68.35 Solid solid transitions, 64.70.K -phase diagrams, 81.30 Solid-solution hardening, 81.40.C Solid state chemistry, 82.33.P Solid-state detectors (dosimetry), 87.66.P Solid-state lasers, 42.55.P, R Solid-state plasma -bulk matter, 72.30 -thin films, 73.50.M Solid vapor transitions, 64.70.H Solitons -nonlinear dynamics, 05.45.Y -optical, 42.65.T -optical fibers, 42.81.D -in plasma, 52.35.S Sols, 82.70.G Solubility, 64.75 Solutions (mixtures) -biomolecules, 87.15.N -macromolecular and polymer, 61.25.H -thermodynamics of, 82.60.L Solvent effects -atomic and molecular interactions, 31.70.D -chemical reactions, 82.20.Y Sonography (rheology), 83.85.E Sonoluminescence, 78.60.M Sorption, 68.43 Sound -atmospheric, 43.28 -biological effects, 87.50.K -generation and reproduction devices, 43.38 -physical effects, 43.35 -in plasma, 52.35.D -in quantum crystals, 67.80.C -underwater, 43.30 Soundings, ionospheric, 94.20.T South America, 93.30.J Southern Ocean, 93.30.Q Southern Oscillation, 92.10, 92.60 Spaceborne and space-research instruments, 07.87, 95.55 Space-charge-dominated beams (plasmas), 52.59.S Space charge effects (dielectric materials), 77.22.J Space charge-limited devices, 85.30.F Space environment (biological effects), 87.65 Space geodetic surveys, 91.10.F Space groups (crystal symmetry), 61.50.A Space-plasma processes, 52.72 Spacetime -curved -classical fields in, 04.40 -quantum field theory in, 04.62 -Einstein Maxwell, 04.40.N -with fluids, 04.40.N -topology, 04.20.G Space vehicles, 07.87 Spallation breeder reactors, 28.50.F Spallation reactions, 25.40.S Sparks, 52.80.M Spatial dimensions, measurement of, 06.30.B Spatial filters, 42.79.C Special relativity, 03.30 Specific heat -liquids, 65.20 -magnetic materials, 75.40 -solids, 65.40.B, 65.60 -superconductors, 74.25.B Speckles, 42.30.M SPECT, 87.58.C Spectral classification, stellar, 97.10.R Spectral filters, 42.79.C Spectral lines -intensity, 32.70.F, 33.70.F -shape and shift, 32.70.J, 33.70.J Spectral methods (computational techniques), 02.70.H Spectral sources, electric-discharge, 52.80.Y Spectrochemical analysis, 82.80.D, E, G, H Spectrometers -electron, 07.81 -gamma-ray, 07.85.N -infrared, 07.57.T -ion, 07.81 -magnetic resonance, 07.57.P -microwave and radiowave, 07.57.P -for nuclear physics, 29.30 -visible and ultraviolet, 07.60.R -x-ray, 07.85.N Spectrophotometry -astronomical techniques, 95.75.F -chemical analysis, 82.80.D Spectroscopy -in astronomy, 95.55.Q, 95.75.F -in atomic and molecular physics, 39.30 -chemical analysis, 82.80 -in-beam (see 23) -laser, 42.62.F -optical, 07.60.R -time-resolved, 78.47 Speech -perception, 43.71 -processing, 43.72 -production, 43.70 Spheromaks, 52.55.I Spicules, 96.60.N Spin-density waves, 75.30.F Spin diffusion, 75.40.G Spin echo, 76.60.L Spin fluctuations (superconductivity), 74.20.M Spin glasses, magnetic properties of, 75.50.L Spin-glass models, 75.10.N Spin Hamiltonians, 75.10.D Spin lattice relaxation, 76.60.E Spinodal decomposition, 64.75, 81.30 Spin orbit coupling -atoms, 32.10.F, 33.60 -condensed matter, 71.70.E -molecules, 33.15.P, 33.55.B Spin ordering, 75.25 Spinor structure, 04.20.G Spin-polarized hydrogen and helium, 67.65 Spin-polarized transport, 72.25 -field effect transistors, 85.75.H -magnetic field sensors, 85.75.S -resonant tunnel junctions, 85.75.M Spin pumping, current-driven, 72.25.P Spin waves, 75.30.D -at magnetic critical points, 75.40.G -resonance, 76.50 Spiral galaxies, 98.52.N, 98.56.N Spontaneous symmetry breaking, 11.30.Q -gauge symmetries, 11.15.E Sports, physics of, 01.80 Spray coating techniques, 52.77.F, 81.15.R Sputtering -atom, molecule, and ion impact, 79.20.R -etching, 81.65.C -film deposition, 81.15.C Squeezed states, 42.50.D SQUID devices, 85.25.D Stacking faults, 61.72.N Standards -frequency (astronomical), 95.55.S -metrology, 06.20.F -optical, 42.72 -in physiological optics, 42.66.Q Stark effect -atoms, 32.60 -condensed matter, 71.70.E -molecules, 33.55.B Stark shift, dynamic, 42.50.H Stars -binary and multiple, 97.80 -characteristics and properties, 97.10 -formation, 97.10.B -late stages of evolution, 97.60 -normal, 97.20 -relativistic, 04.40.D -types of, 97.20 -variable and peculiar, 97.30 Starspots, 97.10.Q State reconstruction (quantum mechanics), 03.65.W State selected dynamics (chemical reactions), 82.20.B State-to-state energy transfer (chemical reactions), 82.20.R State-to-state scattering analysis, 34.50.P Static electrification, 41.20.C, 73.40 Statistical mechanics -of adsorbates, 68.43.D -classical, 05.20 -displacive phase transitions, 63.70 -lattice vibrations, 63.70 -phase transitions in model systems, 64.60.C -quantum, 05.30 Statistical models -atomic physics, 31.15.B -nuclear reactions, 24.10.P -strong interactions, 12.40.E Statistical physics. See 05 Statistical theories -atomic and molecular collisions, 34.10 -chemical kinetics, 82.20.D -nuclear reactions, 24.60 -strong interactions, 12.40.E Statistics, 02.50 Stellarators, 52.55.H Stellar clusters and associations, 98.20 Stellar motion, 97.10 Stellar seismology, 97.10.S Stellar systems, 98.52 Stellar winds, 97.10.M Stereochemistry -biomolecules, 87.15.B -molecular physics, 33.15.B Stereology, 87.80.P Stereotactic radiosurgery, 87.53.L Stimulated emission -condensed matter, 78.45 -laser theory, 42.55.A Stimulated scattering -Brillouin and Raman (plasma), 52.38.B -Brillouin and Rayleigh, 42.65.E -Raman, 42.65.D Stochastic analysis, 02.50.F Stochastic models -atomic and molecular collisions, 34.10 -chemical kinetics, 82.20.F -statistical physics and nonlinear dynamics, 05.10. G Stochastic processes, 05.40 Stoichiometry, 61.50.N Stokes flow, 83.10 Stopping power, 34.50.B, 61.85 Storage rings, 29.20.D Storage tubes, 84.47 Storms, 92.60.Q Strain-induced level splitting, 71.70.F Strain-induced piezoelectricity, 77.65.L Strains -measurement of, 07.10.P -solids, 62.20 -thin films, 68.60.B Strange particles, 14.20.J, 14.40 Stratification -granular flow, 45.70.M -nonhomogeneous flows, 47.55.H Stratosphere, 94.10.D Streamflow, 92.40.F Streams (interplanetary space), 95.50.Q Stress corrosion cracking, 62.20.M Stress measurement, 07.10.L Stress relaxation -condensed matter, 62.40 -rheology, 83.85.S Stress strain relations, 62.20.F, 81.40.J Strings -cosmic, 98.80.C -extended classical solutions, 11.27 -field theory, 11.25 structural mechanics, 46.70.H Strip lines, 84.40.A Strong-field excitation (quantum optics), 42.50.H Strong interactions -electromagnetic corrections, 13.40.K -models, 12.40 -quantum chromodynamics, 12.38 -quark models, 12.39 -in unified theories, 12.10.D Strongly correlated electron systems, 71.27 Strongly-coupled plasmas, 52.27.G Structural acoustics, 43.40 Structure -amorphous metals and semiconductors, 61.43.D -biomolecules, 87.15.B -clusters, 36.40.M, 61.46 -crystalline solids, 61.66 -dendrites, 68.70 -disordered solids, 61.43 -fractals, 61.43 -fullerenes, 61.46 -galaxies, 98.62.L -glasses, 61.43.F -irradiation effects on, 61.80 -liquid crystals, 61.30 -liquids, 61.20, 61.25 -multilayers, 68.65.A -nanoparticles, 61.46 -quantum crystals, 67.80.C -quasicrystals, 61.44 -solid surfaces, 68.35.B -stellar, 97.10.C -superlattices, 68.65.C -thin films, 68.55.J -whiskers, 68.70 Structures, mechanical, 46.70 Sublimation, 64.70.H Submillimeter waves -astronomical observations, 95.85 -receivers and detectors, 07.57.K -sources, 07.57.H Subsonic flows, 47.40.D SU groups -nuclear physics, 21.60.F -particle physics, 11.30.H, L Summer schools, 01.30.B Sum rules (S-matrix theory), 11.55.H Sun -characteristic and properties, 96.60 -cosmic rays, 96.40.K -radiation (meteorology), 92.60.V Sunspots, 96.60.Q Superconducting cables, 84.70 Superconducting devices, 85.25 Superconducting films, 74.76 Superconducting integrated circuits, 85.25.N Superconducting junctions (SN and SNS), 74.80.F Superconducting magnets, 85.25.L Superconducting materials, 74.70, 74.72 Superconducting wires, fibers, and tapes, 85.25.K Superconductivity. See 74 Superconductor insulator transitions, 74.20.M Supercooling. See 64 Supercritical fluids, chemical reactions in, 82.33.D Superexchange interactions, 75.30.E Superfluidity -helium-3, 67.57 -helium-4, 67.40 -hydrodynamic aspects, 47.37 -mixed systems, 67.60 Superfluorescence, 42.50.F Supergiant stars, 97.20.P Supergravity, 04.65 Superheavy elements -properties, 27.90 -reactions and scattering, 25.70, 25.75 Superionic conducting materials, 66.30.H Superlattices -electron states, 73.21.C -magnetic properties, 75.70.C -optical properties, 78.66 -photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.J -structure and nonelectronic properties, 68.65.C -superconductivity, 74.80.D Supermagnetism, 75.50.V Supernovae, 97.60.B -evolution, nuclear aspects of, 26.50 -nucleosynthesis, 26.30 Supernova remnants -external galaxies, 98.58.M -Milky Way, 98.38.M Superplasticity, 62.20.F Superradiance, 42.50.F Supersaturation measurement, 82.20 Supersonic flows, 47.40.K Supersymmetric models, 12.60.J Supersymmetric partners of known particles, 14.80.L Supersymmetry, 11.30.P Supramolecular assembly, 81.16.F Surface acoustic wave devices, 85.50 superconducting, 85.25.Q Surface acoustic waves -piezoelectrics, 77.65.D -surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.I Surface barrier devices, 85.30.H Surface cleaning, 81.65.C -plasma-assisted, 52.77.B Surface collisions, 34.50.D, 79.20.R Surface conductivity, 73.25 Surface crossings (electronic structure), 31.50.G Surface diffusion, 68.35.F Surface double layers, 73.30 Surface dynamics, 68.35.J Surface-enchanced Raman scattering (SERS), 78.30 Surface energy -fluid interfaces, 68.03.C -solids, 68.35.M Surface flows, 83.50.L Surface hardening, 81.65.L Surface magnetism, 75.70.R Surface patterning, 81.65.C Surface phase transitions, 68.35.R Surface plasmons, 73.20.M Surface reconstruction, 68.35.B Surfaces -adsorption, 68.43 -grinding (optical elements), 42.86 -microscopy, 68.37 -optical properties, 78.68 -reactions, 40, 82, 82.65 -scattering from, 68.48 -structure and energetics, 68.35 -thermodynamics, 05.70.N, 68.35.M Surface sheath (superconductivity), 74.60.E Surface states, 73.20 Surface tension, 68.03.C Surface treatments, 81.65 Surface waves -oceanography, 92.10.H -seismology, 91.30.F Surfactants -physical chemistry, 82.70.U -rheology, 83.80.Q Surveys, 01.30.R Susceptibility, magnetic, 75.40.C -at magnetic critical points, 75.40.G -magnetic materials, 75.30.C Susceptibility, optical, 42.65.A Suspensions, 82.70.K -dielectric properties, 77.84.N -rheology, 83.80.H Swelling -extrudate, 83.60.J -polymers, 61.25.H Switches -electrical, 84.32.D -optical, 42.79.T -plasma, 52.75.K Switching -nonlinear optics, 42.65.P -piezoelectrics, 77.80.F Symmetry -crystal, 61.50.A -molecular, 33.15.B -in nuclear processes, 24.80 -nuclear tests of, 24.80 -theory of fields and particles, 11.30 Symmetry breaking, 11.30.Q -gauge field theory, 11.15.E Synchronization, nonlinear dynamics, 05.45.X Synchrotron radiation -instrumentation, 07.85.Q -by moving charges, 41.60.A -in spin-arrangement determination, 75.25 Synchrotrons, 29.20.L Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), 84.40.X T Tandem mirrors, 52.55.J Tantalates, 77.84.D Taus -decays, 13.35.D -properties, 14.60.F Teacher training, 01.40.J Teaching methods, 01.40.G Technicolor models, 12.60.N Technological research and development, 89.20.B Tectonics, 91.45 Tektites, 96.50.M Telecommunications, 84.40.U Telemetry, 84.40.X Telescopes, 95.55 Television cameras, 07.07.H Temperate regions, 93.30.T Temperature -atmospheric, 94.10.D -measurement of, 07.20.D -stellar, 97.10.R Tensile machines, 07.10.L Tensile strength -materials treatment, 81.40.L -solids, 62.20.F Tension measurement, 07.10.L Terrestrial atmosphere, 92.60, 94 Terrestrial electricity, 91.25.Q Terrestrial heat, 91.35.D Terrestrial magnetism, 91.25 Textbooks, 01.30.M, P Texture -materials treatment, 81.40.E -superconductors, 74.80.B -superfluid helium-3, 67.57.F -thin films, 68.55.J TGS crystals, 77.84.F Thallium-based high-Tc superconductors, 74.72.F Thermal analysis, 81.70.P Thermal blooming, 42.65.J Thermal conduction -amorphous and liquid metals and alloys, 72.15.C -crystalline metals and alloys, 72.15.E -gases, 51.20 -nonelectronic, in solids, 66.70 -nonmetallic liquids, 66.60 -superconductors, 74.25.F Thermal diffusion -gases, 51.20 -liquids, 66.10.C Thermal diffusivity, 66.30.X Thermal expansion, 65.40.D, 65.60 Thermal instruments and techniques, 07.20 Thermally stimulated currents -dielectrics, 77.22.E -thin films, 73.50.G Thermal models, nuclear reactions, 24.10.P Thermal properties -amorphous solids and glasses, 65.60 -crystalline solids, 65.40 -nanocrystals, 65.80 -nanotubes, 65.80 -quantum crystals, 67.80.G -rocks, 91.60.K -small particles, 65.80 Thermal radiation, 44.40 Thermal stability (thin films), 68.60.D Thermal waves, 66.70 Thermionic emission, 79.40 Thermionic energy conversion, 52.75.F, 84.60.N Thermionic plasma devices, 52.75.X Thermistors, 84.32.F Thermocouples, 07.20.D Thermodynamic properties -condensed matter, 65 -gases, 51.30 -liquid helium-3, 67.55.C -plasma, 52.25.K -solutions, 82.60.L -superconductors, 74.25.B -superfluid helium-3, 67.57.B -superfluid helium-4, 67.40.K -surfaces and interfaces, 05.70.N, 68.35.M Thermodynamics, 05.70 -astrophysics, 95.30.T -black holes, 04.70.D -chemical, 82.60 -nonequilibrium, 05.70.L -nucleation, 82.60.N Thermoelasticity, 46.25.H, 62.20.D, 81.40.J Thermoelectrets, 77.22.E Thermoelectric devices, 85.80.F Thermoelectric effects -metals and alloys, 72.15.J -semiconductors and insulators, 72.20.P -superconductors, 74.25.F -thin films, 73.50.L Thermoelectric energy conversion, 84.60.R Thermoelectromagnetic devices, 85.80 Thermoforming, 83.50 Thermography, 87.63.H Thermogravimetric analysis, 81.70.P Thermohaline structure, 92.10.M Thermoluminescence, 78.60.K Thermoluminescent dosimeters, 87.66.S Thermomagnetic effects -metals and alloys, 72.15.J -semiconductors and insulators, 72.20.P -thin films, 73.50.J Thermomechanical effects, 65.40.D Thermomechanical treatment of materials, 81.40.G Thermometers, 07.20.D Thermometry, 07.20.D Thermonuclear technology, 28.52 Thermooptical effects, 78.20.N Thermopiles, 07.20.D Thermoreflectance, 78.20.N Thermoreversible gels, 83.80.K Thermorheological properties, 83.60.S Thermosetting polymers, 83.80.J Thermosphere, 94.10 Thermotherapy, 87.54.B Theta pinch, 52.55.E Thickening flows, 83.60.P Thick films, 85.40.X Thin films -acoustical properties, 68.60.B -conductivity of specific films, 73.61 -deposition methods, 81.15 -devices, magnetic, 85.70.K -dielectric, 77.55 -growth, structure, and epitaxy, 68.55, 81.15.A -integrated optics, 42.82 -Langmuir Blodgett, 68.18, 68.47.P -liquid, 68.15 -magnetic, 75.70 -mechanical properties, 68.60.B -microscopy, 68.37 -optical properties, 78.66 -photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.D -superconducting, 74.76 -thermal effects, 68.60.D -transport phenomena, 73.50 Thixotropy, 83.60.P Thomas Fermi model -atoms and molecules, 31.15.B -electron gas, 71.10.C -nuclear structure, 21.60 Thyristors, 85.30.R Tidal interactions (galaxies), 98.65.F Tides -atmospheric -aeronomy, 94.10.J -meteorology, 92.60.D -Earth, 91.10.T -oceanography, 92.10.H Time, measurement of, 06.30.F Time-of-flight mass spectrometry -chemical analysis, 82.80.R -instrumentation, 07.75 Time-resolved spectroscopy, 39.90, 78.47 Time series analysis -astronomy, 95.75.W -nonlinear dynamics, 05.45.T Tissue response factors, 87.53.T Tissues, biological -engineering, 87.19.R -mechanical properties, 87.19.R Titanates, 77.84.D T-J model, 74.20 Tokamaks, 52.55.F Tomography -computed, 87.59.F -Earth's interior, 91.35.P -electrical impedance, 87.63.P -optical, 42.30.W -PET, 87.58.F -plate tectonics, 91.45.T -quantum, 03.65.W -SPECT, 87.58.C Topography -Earth, 91.10.J -Moon, 96.20.D -planets, 96.35.G Topological phases, 03.65.V Topology -algebraic, 02.40.R -general, 02.40.P Toroidal confinement devices, 52.55.H Torque, measurement of, 07.10.P Torsatrons, 52.55.H Total energy calculations, 71.15.N Townsend discharge, 52.80.D Toys, physics of, 01.50.W Trajectory models -atomic and molecular collisions, 34.10 -chemical kinetics, 82.20.F Transducers -acoustics, 43.38 -general instrumentation, 07.07.M Transfer functions, optical, 42.30.L Transfer reactions -deuterium-induced, 25.45.H -heavy-ion-induced, 25.70.H -nucleon-induced, 25.40.H -unstable-nuclei-induced, 25.60.J Transistors -bipolar, 85.30.P -field effect, 85.30.T Transition-metal compounds, electrical conductivity of, 72.80.G Transition metals and alloys -electric conductivity, 72.15.E -electronic structure, 71.20.B Transition probabilities -atomic, 32.70.C -molecular, 33.70.C -nuclear, 23.20 Transition state theory (chemical kinetics), 82.20.D Transition temperature (superconductivity), 74.62 Transits, astronomical, 95.10.G Transmission coefficients, optical, 78.20.C Transmission electron microscopy, 68.37.L Transmission lines, 84.40.A Transonic flows, 47.40.H Transportation, 89.40 Transport processes -cells, biological, 87.16.U -classical, 05.60.C -gases, 51.10 -helium-3 -normal phase, 67.55.H -superfluid, 67.57.H -helium-4, superfluid, 67.40.P -interfaces, 73.40 -metals and alloys, 72.15, 72.25.B -neutron, 28.20.G -nonelectronic (see 66) -plasma, 52.25.F -quantum, 05.60.G -semiconductors and insulators, 72.20, 72.25.D -specific materials, 72.80 -spin-polarized, 72.25 -superconductors, 74.25.F -thin films, 73.50, 73.61 Trapped particles (magnetosphere), 94.30.H Trapping, charge carriers -bulk matter, 72.20.J -thin films, 73.50.G Traps, ion, 39.10 Traveling-wave tubes, 84.40.F Traversal time (quantum mechanics), 03.65.X Treatment planning, 87.53.T Triboelectricity, 41.20.C Tribology -rheology, 83.50.L -solids, 62.20.Q -structural mechanics, 46.55 Triboluminescence, 78.60.M Triple points, 64.60.K Triplet state, 31.50.D, 33.50 Triton-induced reactions, 25.55 Tritons, 27.10 Tropical regions, 93.30.V Troposphere, 94.10.D Tsunamis, 91.30.N Tube flow, 47.60 Tube theories (rheology), 83.10.K Tully Fisher relationship, 98.62.V Tunneling -defects, 66.35 -interface structures, 73.40.G -macroscopic, in magnetic systems, 75.45 -quantum Hall effects, 73.43.J -quantum mechanics, 03.65.X -superconductors, 74.50 Tunnel junction devices, 85.30.M Turbidity currents (marine geology), 91.50.J Turbulence -aeronomy, 94.10.L -atmospheric optics, 42.68.B -fluid dynamics, 47.27 -meteorology, 92.60.E -oceanography, 92.10.L -plasma, 52.35.R -quantum fluids, 67.40.V Turbulent diffusion, 47.27.Q Tutorial papers, 01.30.R Twinning, 61.72.M U ULSI, 85.40 Ultrafast processes -chemical reactions, 82.53 -nonlinear optics, 42.65.R -time-resolved spectra, 78.47 Ultrasonic attenuation (superconductors), 74.25.L Ultrasonic relaxation, 62.80 Ultrasonic testing, 81.70.C Ultrasonography, 87.63.D Ultrasound, 43.35 -bioacoustics, 43.80 -biological effects, 87.50.K Ultraviolet detectors, 42.79.P, 85.60.G Ultraviolet radiation -astronomical observations, 95.85 -biological effects, 87.50.G -in photochemistry, 82.50.H -in plasma, 52.25.O -scattering (biological techniques), 87.64.C -surface irradiation effects, 61.80.B Ultraviolet spectroscopy -atoms, 32.30.J -chemical analysis, 82.80.D -instruments, 07.60.R -molecules, 33.20.L, N -solids and liquids, 78.40 Underwater -acoustics, 43.30, 92.10.V -light and radiation, 92.10.P -morphology, 91.50.G Undulator radiation, 41.60 Unified field theories -gravity in more than four dimensions, 04.50 -models beyond the standard models, 12.60 Units of measurement, 06.20.F Universe -Early, 98.80.C -origin and formation, 98.80.B Upsilon mesons, 14.40.N Uranus, 96.30.P Urban planning and development, 89.65.L V Vacancies, in crystals, 61.72.J Vacuum chambers, 07.30.K Vacuum deposition, 81.15.E Vacuum gauges, 07.30.D Vacuum microelectronics, 85.45 Vacuum production, 07.30 Vacuum tubes, 84.47 Valence-bond method -electronic structure of atoms and molecules, 31.15.R -electronic structure solids, 71.15.A Valence fluctuation -diamagnetism and paramagnetism, 75.20.H -magnetically ordered materials, 75.30.M Van der Waals molecules, 34.30 Vapor deposited coatings, 68.55, 81.15 Vapor liquid transitions, 64.70.F Vapor phase epitaxy, 81.15.K Vapor solid transitions, 64.70.H Variable stars (including novae), 97.30 Variational methods -atomic physics, 31.15.P -classical mechanics, 45.10.D -continuum mechanics, 46.15.C -elementary particle physics, 11.80.F -general relativity, 04.20.F Varistors, 84.32.F Velocimeters, laser Doppler, 42.79.Q Velocity, measurement of, 06.30.G Veneziano model, 11.55.J, 12.40.N Venus, 96.30.E Very large scale integration (VLSI), 85.40 Vesicles, 82.70.U, 87.16.D Vibrational constants, molecular, 15.M, 33 Vibrational energy transfer, 34.50.E Vibrational levels -macromolecules, 36.20.N -molecules, 33.20.T -nuclear, 21.60.E Vibration isolation, 07.10.F Vibration measurement, 07.10, 46.40 Vibration rotational analysis, 33.20.V Vibration rotation constants, 33.15.M Vibrations -adsorbates, 68.43.P -crystal lattices, 63.70 -disordered systems, 63.50 -mechanical, 46.40 -mechanical properties of solids, 62.30 -solid surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.J -structural acoustics, 43.40 Vibronic interactions, 33.20.W Video coding, 42.30.V Viscoelasticity -continuum mechanics, 46.35 -rheology, 83.60.B, D Viscometers, 47.80 Viscometry, 83.85.J Viscoplasticity -continuum mechanics, 46.35 -rheology, 83.60.L Viscosity -gases, 51.20 -liquids, 66.20 -shear rate dependent, 83.60.F Viscous instability, 47.20.G Visible and ultraviolet spectrometers, 07.60.R Visible radiation -astronomical observations, 95.85.K -biological effects, 87.50.H -medical imaging, 87.63.L -in plasma, 52.25.O -scattering (biological techniques), 87.64.C -surface irradiation effects, 61.80.B Visible spectra -atoms, 32.30.J -molecules, 33.20.K -solids and liquids, 78.40 Vision -computer, robotic, 42.30.T -information processing in, 87.19.D -physiological, 42.66 Visual perception, 42.66.S Vitroceramics, 81.05.P Vlasov equation, 52.20, 52.25.F, 52.65.F VLSI, 85.40 Voids (crystal defects), 61.72.Q Volcanology, 91.40 Volcano seismology, 91.30.T Voltage measurement, 84.37 Volume measurement, 06.30.B Vortices diffusion systems (chemical kinetics), 82.40.C Vorticity -helium-3, 67.57.F -helium-4, 67.40.V -laminar flows, 47.15.K -plasma, 52.35.W -rotational flows, 47.32.C W Wakes, 47.27.V Water cycles, global, 92.70.L Water pollution, 89.60 Water resources and quality, 92.40.Q Wave equations -bound states, 03.65.G -relativistic, 03.65.P Wave fronts, 42.15.D Waveguides -optical (see Optical waveguides) -plasma-filled, 52.40.F -radiowave and microwave, 84.40.A Wave optics, 42.25 Weak interactions -atoms, 32.80.Y -beta decay, 23.40.B -electromagnetic corrections, 13.40.K -leptons, 13.10 -models of, 12.15 Weak links -superconductivity, 74.50 -superfluidity, 67.40.R Weak localization -electronic conduction, 72.15.R -electron states, 73.20.F Weapons systems, 89.20.D Wear -materials treatment, 81.40.P -mechanics, 46.55 Weather analysis and prediction, 92.60.W Wedges (radiotherapy), 87.53.M Weighing, 06.30.D Weightlessness, biological effects of, 87.65 Weinberg Salam model, 12.15 Weissenberg effect (rheology), 83.60.H Welding, 81.20.V -workshop techniques, 06.60.V Westheimer method, 31.15.C Wetting -liquid crystals, 61.30.H -liquid solid interfaces, 68.08.B Whiskers, 68.70 Whistler waves -magnetosphere, 94.30.T -plasma, 52.35.H White dwarfs, 97.20.R Wiberg method, 31.15.C Wiggler magnets, 41.85.L Windows, optical, 42.79.C Wind power, 89.30.E Winds -aeronomy, 94.10.J -meteorology, 92.60.G Wiring, 84.32.H Wood (rheology), 83.80.L Work function, 73.30 Work hardening, 81.40.E Workshop techniques -laboratory, 06.60.V -optical, 42.86 -World Wide Web, 89.20.H X XANES, 61.10.H Xerography, 07.68 X-ray absorption spectroscopy, 78.70.D -structural analysis, 61.10.H X-ray beams, 41.50 X-ray binary stars, 97.80.J X-ray bursts, 98.70.Q X-ray crystallography, 61.10 X-ray detectors, 07.85.F -superconducting, 85.25.O X-ray diffraction -biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.B -crystal structure, 61.10.N -defect structure, 61.72.D X-ray diffractometers, 07.85.N X-ray dosimetry, 87.53.B, D X-ray emission spectra, 78.70.E X-ray fluorescence, 78.70.E X-ray gratings, 07.85.F X-ray lasers, 42.55.V X-ray lithography, 85.40.H X-ray microscopes, 07.85.T X-ray microscopy, 68.37.Y X-ray mirrors, 07.85.F X-ray optics, 41.50 X-ray photoelectron diffraction, 61.14.Q X-ray photoelectron spectra -molecules, 33.60.F -surface analysis, 79.60 X-ray radiation effects, 61.80.C -in photochemistry, 82.50.K X-ray radiography, 87.59.B -digital, 87.59.H X-ray reflectometry, 61.10.K X rays -beam optics, 41.50 -biological effects, 87.50.G -emission, absorption, and scattering in plasmas, 52.25.O -linear energy transfer (LET), 87.52.D, L -plasma diagnostics, 52.70.L -radiation damage by, 61.80.C -spin arrangement determinations, 75.25 X-ray scattering, 78.70.C -defect structure, 61.72.D -structural analysis, 61.10.E X-ray sources -galactic and stellar, 97.80.J, 98.70.Q -hard, 52.59.P -instrumentation, 07.85.F -from laser plasma interactions, 52.38.P X-ray spectrometers, 07.85.N X-ray spectroscopy -astronomical observations, 95.85.N -atoms, 32.30.R -biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.F -chemical analysis, 82.80.E -molecules, 33.20.R -nuclear physics, 29.30.K X-ray standing waves, 68.49.U X-ray telescopes, 95.55.K X-ray topography (crystal defects), 61.72.F Y Yang Mills fields, 12.10, 12.15 Yield strength, 62.20.F Yield stress (rheology), 83.60.L Young's modulus, 62.20.D, 81.40.J Yrast states, 21.10.R Yttrium-based high-Tc superconductors, 74.72.B Z Zeeman effect -atoms, 32.60 -condensed matter, 71.70.E -molecules, 33.55.B Zener diodes, 85.30.M Zeolites -catalysis in, 82.75.Q -clusters in, 82.75.V -molecule migration in, 82.75.J -properties of molecules in, 82.75.M -reactions in, 82.33.J Zero gravity experiments, 81.70.H, 87.65 Zero sound. See 67 Zodiacal light, 96.50.D Zone melting and refining, 81.10.F Zone plates, 42.79.C Z-pinches -devices, 52.58.L -wire array, 52.59.R