index_96.asc new 10/95 ALPHABETIC INDEX A A15 compounds and alloys, 74.70.A Ab initio calculations (electronic structure of atoms and molecules), 31.15.A Abelian groups, 02.20.K Aberrations, optical, 42.15.F Ablation -film deposition, 81.15.F -laser-radiation effects, 79.20.D Abrasion -materials, 81.40.P -mechanics, 46.30.P Absorption -neutron, 28.20.F -optical, 42.25.B -of photons by nuclei, 25.20.D -of radiation -atmospheric, 42.68.A, 94.10.G -plasma, 52.25 Absorption coefficients, optical, 78.20.C Absorption edges, x-ray, 78.70.D Absorption spectra -atoms, 32.30 -biomolecules, 87.15.M -clusters, 36.40.M -excitons, 71.35.C -macro- and polymer molecules, 36.20.K -molecules, 33.20 -solids and liquids, 78.40 Absorption spectroscopy -biophysics, 87.64.N -chemical analysis, 82.80.C -instrumentation, 07.57.T, 07.60.R Abstraction reactions, 82.30.H Acceleration -biological effects of, 87.65 -measurement of, 06.30.G Accelerators -advanced concepts, 41.75.L -collective and linear, 29.17 -cyclic, 29.20 -electrostatic, 29.17 -plasma, 52.75.D -for radiation therapy, 87.56.B Accidents (nuclear reactors), 28.41.T Accommodation -chemisorption, 82.65.M -gas dynamics, 47.45.N Accretion and accretion disks -galactic, 98.62.M -Milky Way, 98.35.N -stellar, 97.10.G Acoustic signal processing, 43.60 Acoustic transduction, 43.38 Acoustical instruments and techniques, 07.64, 43.58 Acoustical properties -gases, 51.40 -liquids, 62.60 -rocks and minerals, 91.60.L -solid-fluid interfaces, 68.45.N -solid surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.G -solids, 62.65 -superconductors, 74.25.L -thin films, 68.60.B Acoustics -architectural, 43.55 -atmospheric, 43.28 -biological, 43.80 -linear, 43.20 -nonlinear, 43.25 -physiological, 43.64 -psychological, 43.66 -structural, 43.40 -underwater, 43.30 Acousto-electric effects -conductivity phenomena, 72.50 -piezoelectrics, 77.65.D -thin films, 73.50.R Acousto-optical devices, 42.79.J Acousto-optical effects, 78.20.H Activation analysis, radiochemical, 82.80.J Adaptation, visual -color, 42.66.N -light, 42.66.L Adaptive optical systems -astronomy, 95.75.Q -atmospheric optics, 42.68.W Adhesion -interfacial flow (rheology), 83.50.L -solid surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.G -structural mechanics, 46.30.P Admittance measurement, 84.37 Adsorption -adsorbates -electron states, 73.20.H -photoelectron spectra, 79.60.D -chemisorption, 82.65.Y -fluid surfaces, 68.10.J -quantum fluids, 67.70 -solid-fluid interfaces, 68.45.D Aeroacoustics, 43.28 Aerodynamics, 47.40 Aeroelasticity, 46.30.M Aeronomy (see 94) Aerosols -atmospheric optics, 42.68.J -materials synthesis, 81.20.R -meteorology, 92.60.M -oceanography, 92.20.B -physical chemistry, 82.70.R Aerospace biophysics and medical physics, 87.65 Africa, 93.30.B Afterglow, plasma reactions, 82.40.R Aggregation, diffusion-limited, 61.43.H Aging, materials, 81.40.C Aharonov-Bohm effect, 03.65.B, 72.15.R Air pollution -atmospheric chemistry, 82.40.W -atmospheric optics, 42.68.K -meteorology, 92.60.S Airglow, 94.10.R Algebraic geometry, 02.10.R Algebraic groups, classical linear, 02.20.H Algebraic methods -in quantum mechanics, 03.65.F -in string theory, 11.25.H Algebraic topology, 02.40.R Algebras, 02.10 -Lie, 02.20.S Alkali halides, photoluminescence of, 78.55.F Alkali metals, electronic structure of, 71.20.D Alloys -absorption spectra, 78.40.K -diamagnetism and paramagnetism, 75.20.E -electronic conduction -bulk matter, 72.15.C, E -liquid, 72.15.C -thin films, 73.61.A -electronic structure, 71.20.B, E, G -fabrication, 81.05.B -impurity and defect levels, 71.55.A -infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.E -local magnetic moment, 75.20.H -magnetic materials, 75.50 -optical properties of thin films, 78.66.B -phase diagrams, 81.30.B -radiation effects, 61.82.B -self-diffusion, 66.30.F -structure -amorphous, 61.43.D -crystalline, 61.66.D -liquid, 61.25.M -superconducting, 74.70 Alpha Cygni stars, 97.30.D Alpha decay, 23.60 Alpha-particle-induced nuclear reactions, 25.55 Ammeters, 07.50.Y Amorphous magnetic materials, 75.50.K Amorphous metals and alloys -electrical and thermal conductivity, 72.15.C -electron density of states, 71.23 -photoelectron spectra, 79.60.H -structure of, 61.43.D Amorphous semiconductors -electronic structure, 71.23.C -fabrication, 81.05.G -impurity and defect levels, 71.55.J -infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.L -photoelectron spectra, 79.60.H -structure, 61.43.D -synthesis, 81.05.G -thin films -electrical conductivity, 73.61.J -optical properties, 78.66.J Amorphous superconductors, 74.80.B Amplifiers -electronic, 84.30.L -laser, 42.60.D -optical parametric, 42.65.Y Analytic spaces, 02.30.F Anderson model, 71.23, 71.27 Anelasticity -materials treatment effects on, 81.40.J -mechanical properties of solids, 62.40 Anemometry, 47.80, 93.85 Angiography, 87.59.D Angles, measurement of, 06.30.B Angular velocity measurement, 06.30.G Anharmonic lattice modes, 63.20.R Annealing -crystal defects, 61.72.C -effects on microstructure and properties, 81.40.E -magnetic, 75.60.N Announcements, 01.10.C Anodization, 82.45 Anoxic environments, oceanography, 92.20.H Antarctica, 93.30.C Antennas, 84.40.B -plasma interactions with, 52.40.F Antibunched photon states, 42.50.D Antiferroelectricity, 77.80 Antiferromagnetic resonance, 76.50 Antiferromagnetics, 75.50.E Antiphase boundaries, 81.30 Antiproton-induced reactions, 25.43 Antireflection coatings, 42.79.W Anyons, 71.10.P -superconductivity, 74.20.M Apertures, optical, 42.79.A Apodization, 42.15.E APW calculations, 71.15.A Arc discharges, 52.80.M Arc welding, 52.75.R Archaeoastronomy, 95.90 Archeomagnetism, 91.25.D Architectural acoustics, 43.55 Arctic Ocean, 93.30.L Arrays -fiber optical, 42.81.Q -integrated optics, 42.82.E -laser, 42.60.D -solar cells, 84.60.J Artificial intelligence, 07.05.M Artificial satellites, 07.87, 95.40, 95.55.P Ash deposits, 91.40.B Asia, 93.30.D Associated liquids, structure of, 61.20.Q Association reactions, chemical, 82.30.N Associative rings and algebras, 02.10.T Asteroids, 96.30.Y Astrometric binary stars, 97.80.A Astrometry, 95.10.J -instrumentation, 95.55.B Astron (magnetic trap), 52.55.L Astronomy -databases, 95.80 -fundamental, 95.10 -historical, 95.90 Astrophysical plasma, 95.30.Q Astrophysics, fundamentals, 95.30 Asymptotic structure, general relativity, 04.20.H Atlantic Ocean, 93.30.M Atmosphere -Earth -effects of volcanic eruptions, 91.40.D -global change, 92.70.C -ionosphere, 94.20 -magnetosphere, 94.30 -neutral, 94.10 -troposphere, 92.60 -Moon, 96.20.D -planetary, 96.35.H, K -stellar, 97.10.E Atmosphere/ocean/Earth interaction, 91.10.V Atmospheric acoustics, 43.28 Atmospheric chemistry, 82.40.W -meteorology, 92.60.H -neutral atmosphere, 94.10.F Atmospheric ion precipitation, 94.20.Q, 94.30.H Atmospheric optics, 42.68 Atmospheric pressure, 94.10.D Atmospheric sound, 43.28 Atom interferometry, 03.75.D, 39.20 Atom-molecule potentials and forces, 34.20.G Atom optics, 03.75.B Atomic and molecular data, astrophysics, 95.30.K Atomic beam epitaxy, 81.15.H Atomic beams -chemical reactions, 34.50.L, 82.40.D -damage by (condensed matter), 61.80.L -detectors for, 07.77 -interactions with solids, 79.20.R -sources of, 07.77.G, 39.10 -in structural analysis, 61.18.B Atomic clusters, 36.40 Atomic collisions (see 34) Atomic ensemble, phase coherence of, 03.75.F, 42.50.G Atomic force microscopy -biophysics, 87.64.D -instruments, 07.79.L -surface structure, 61.16.C Atomic forces, 34.20 Atomic isotopes, 32.10.B Atomic mass, 32.10.B Atomic moments, 32.10.D Atomic-orbital methods, 71.15.F Atomic physics (see 30) Atomic properties, 32.10 Atomic spectra, 32.30 -astrophysics, 95.30.K Atomic sphere approximation methods, 71.15.L Atoms -collisions in plasma, 52.20.H -cooling and trapping, 32.80.P -electric and magnetic moments, 32.10.D -electron affinity, 32.10.H -electronic structure -calculations of, 31.15 -theory of, 31.10 -excitation and ionization by electron impact, 34.80.D -exotic, 36.10 -hot atom reactions, 82.55 -ionization potential, 32.10.H -polarizability, 32.10.D -scattering, 34.50 Attenuation, light waves, 42.25.B Attenuators, optical, 42.79.Y Audio and visual aids, educational, 01.50.F Auditory system, 43.64 Auger effect -atoms, 32.80.H -solids, 79.20.F Auger spectroscopy, 82.80.P Augmented plane-wave (APW) calculations, 71.15.A Aurora, 94.10.R Australia, 93.30.F Autoionization -atoms, 32.80.D -molecules, 33.80.E Avalanche counters, 29.40.C Avalanche effect, 64.60.L Awards, 01.10.C Axial vector currents, 11.40.H Axiomatic field theory, 11.10.C Axions, 14.80.M B Background radiation (galactic and extragalactic), 98.70.V Backscattering (See Scattering) Bacteria (seawater), 92.20.P Bag models, 12.39.B Balance systems, 07.10.L Balances, 06.30.D Ballistic transport, 73.23.A Ballooning instability, 52.35.P Balloons (meteorology), 92.60 Band model of magnetism, 75.10.L Band-pass filters, 84.30.V Band structure, 71.20 Barkhausen effect, 75.60.E Barred spirals (galaxies), 98.52.N Baryon number, 11.30.F Baryon resonances, 14.20.G Baryons -decays, 13.30.E -production, 13.60.R -properties, 14.20 Bathymetry, 91.50.G Batteries, 84.60.D BCS theory, 74.20.F Beach processes (marine geology), 91.50.C Beam characteristics -accelerators, 29.27.F -low energy beams, 41.85.E Beam-foil excitation and ionization, 34.50.F Beam injection -accelerators, 29.27.A -low energy beams, 41.85.A -plasma heating, 52.50.G Beam optics (low energy charged-particle beams), 41.85 Beam-plasma instability, 52.35.Q Beam splitters and deflectors -low energy beams, 41.85.C -optical, 42.79.F Beam trapping (nonlinear optics), 42.65.J Beams, charged-particle -in accelerators, 29.27 -electron, 41.75.F, H -interactions with plasma, 52.40.M -ion, 41.75.A, C -positron, 41.75.F, H -relativistic electron and positron, 41.75.H Beams, photon -laser, 42.60 -x-ray, 41.50 Bearings, 06.60.V Bell inequalities, 03.65.B Bernstein waves, 52.35.H Berry's phase, 03.65.B Bessel functions, 02.30.G Beta Cephei stars, 97.30.D Beta decay, 23.40 Betatrons, 29.20.F Bethe-Salpeter equations, 11.10.S BGK modes (in plasma), 52.35.S Bi-metric gravity theories, 04.50 Bibliographies, 01.30.T Bifurcation, 05.45 -chemical kinetics, 82.40.B -hydrodynamic stability, 47.20.K Bifurcations -differential equations, 02.30.H, J Big Bang nucleosynthesis, 26.35 Big Bang theory, 98.80.B Binary stars, 97.80 Binding energy -molecular core, 33.15.R -nuclear, 21.10.D -solids, 71.15.N Bingham fluids, 83.50.N Binocular vision, 42.66.S Bioacoustics, 43.80 -biological effects of sound, 87.51 Biochemistry, 87.15.R Biogeochemical processes, global, 92.70 Biographical notes, 01.60 Biological effects of radiation, 87.50 Biological materials -fluid dynamics, 87.45 -rheology of, 83.80.L Biological physics -cellular, 87.22 -instrumentation, 87.80 -molecular, 87.15 -spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, 87.64 -theoretical, mathematical, 87.10 Bioluminescence, 87.15.M Biomagnetism, 87.40 Biomedical engineering -medical imaging equipment, 87.62 -radiation therapy equipment, 87.56 Biomembrane transport, 87.22.F Biomolecular electronics, 85.65 Biomolecules, structure of, 87.15 Bionics, 87.10 Biorheology, 83.80.L, 87.45 Biosensors, 87.80 Biosonic generation -biophysics, 87.22.N Biothermics, 87.22.P Bipolar outflows -external galaxies, 98.58.F -Milky Way, 98.38.F -pre-main-sequence objects, 97.21 Bipolar transistors, 85.30.P Bipolaron theory of superconductivity, 74.20.M Birefringence -optical fibers, 42.81.G -solids, 78.20.F -wave optics, 42.25.L Bismuth-based high-T[subon]c[suboff] superconductors, 74.72.H Bistability, optical, 42.65.P Black-body radiation, 42.72, 44.40 Black holes -astrophysics, 97.60.L -external galaxies, 98.62.J -Milky Way, 98.35.J -physics of, 04.70 Blazars, 98.54.C Blood, rheology of, 83.80.L, 87.45 Blue stars, 97.20.R Body fluids, 87.45 Body movements, physics of, 87.45.D Bok globules, 97.21 Bolometers, 07.57.K Boltzmann equation, 05.60 Bond angles and bond lengths, 33.15.D, 61.50.L Bond strength, 33.15.F Bonds, dangling, 61.43 Bone densitometry, 87.59.L Books, 01.30 Bootstraps, 11.55.B, F Borides -dielectric materials, 77.84.B -refractories, 81.05.J Born-Oppenheimer approximation, 31.30 Borocarbides, superconductivity of, 74.72.Y Bose-Einstein condensation, 03.75.F Bose-Einstein statistics, 05.30 Boson degeneracy (helium-4), 67.40 Boson systems, 05.30.J Bosons -gauge, 14.70 -Higgs, 14.80.B, C -interacting boson model, 21.60.F -intermediate, decays of, 13.38 -Nambu-Goldstone, 14.80.M Bottom baryons, 14.20.M Bottom mesons -hadronic decays, 13.25.H -leptonic decays, 13.20.H -properties, 14.40.N Bound states -field theory, 11.10.S -quantum mechanics, 03.65.G Boundary element methods, 02.60.L Boundary layers -laminar, 47.15.C -meteorology, 92.60.F -plasma, 52.40.H -sea-air, 92.10.K -turbulence, 47.27.N Boundary-value problems -in electrostatics, 41.20.C -in magnetostatics, 41.20.G -in mathematics, 02.60.L Brachytherapy, 87.53.J Bragg reflectors, 42.79.D Breakdown, electrical -dielectrics, 77.22.J -gases, 51.50 Breeder reactors, 28.50.F Bremsstrahlung, 03.50, 41.50, 78.70.C Brillouin scattering -condensed matter, 78.35 -molecular spectra, 33.20.F -nonlinear optics, 42.65.E -plasma, 52.35.N Brillouin zones, 63.20, 71.20 Brittleness, 62.20.M Brownian motion, 05.40 Bubble chambers, 29.40 Bubbles -magnetic, 75.70.K -nonhomogeneous flows, 47.55.D Buckling -fission reactors, 28.41.A -materials treatment effects, 81.40.L -static, 46.30.L Buckyballs (see Fullerenes) Buoyancy-driven instability, 47.20.B Bursts -galactic, 98.62.N -solar, 96.60.R C C15 superconductors, 74.70.A Cables -electrical, 84.70 -fiber-optical, 42.81.Q -superconducting, 84.70 Calculus -differential and integral, 02.30 -operational, 02.30.Q -of variations and optimal control, 02.30.W Calendars, astronomical, 95.10.K Calibration, 06.20.F Calorimeters, 07.20.F -nuclear and particle physics, 29.40.V Cameras, photographic, 07.68 Capacitance measurement, 84.37 Capacitor banks (energy storage), 84.60.V Capacitors, 84.32.T Capillarity, 68.10 Capillary waves, oceanic, 92.10.C Car-Parrinello method, 71.15.P Carbides -dielectric materials, 77.84.B -refractories, 81.05.J Carbon dioxide lasers, 42.55.L Carbon stars, 97.30.H Cardiomagnetism, 87.40 CARS, 42.65.D Cartography, 91.10.D Catalysis -enzymatic, 87.15.R -at fluid surfaces, 68.10.J -heterogeneous, 82.65.J -homogeneous, 82.30.V Catastrophe theory, 05.45 Category theory, 02.10.W Cathode-ray tubes, 84.47 Cathodoluminescence, 78.60.H Causal structure, 04.20.G Cavitation -nonhomogeneous flows, 47.55.B Cavity resonators -fiber optics, 42.81.Q -integrated optics, 42.82.E -laser, 42.62.D -optical, 42.79.G Celestial mechanics, 95.10.C Cell complexes (geometry and topology), 02.40.S Cellular biophysics -magnetic field effects, 87.40 -membrane transport, 87.22.F Cenozoic period, 91.70.B Centrifuges, 07.10.Y Cepheids, 97.30.G Ceramics -fabrication, 81.05.J, M -piezoelectricity, 77.84.D Cermets, preparation of, 81.05.M Chain reactions, chemistry, 82.30.C Chains, macromolecular and polymer, 36.20.F Chalcogenides -conductivity, 73.61.G -dielectric materials, 77.84.B -impurity and defect levels, 71.55.G -photoluminescence, 78.55.E -superconductivity, 74.70.A Channel flow, 47.60 Channeling (in crystals), 61.85 Chaos -astronomy, 95.10.E -chemical reactions, 82.40.B -fluid dynamics, 47.52 -nuclear reactions, 24.60.L -optical, 42.65.S -rheology, 83.50.W -superconductivity fluctuations, 74.40 -theory and models, 05.45 Charge carriers, generation and recombination of -semiconductors and insulators, 72.20.J -surfaces, 73.25 -thin films, 73.50.G Charge-coupled devices, 85.60.G -in astronomical instrumentation, 95.55.A Charge-density waves -collective excitations, 71.45.L -one-dimensional conductors, 72.15.N -surface and interface excitations, 73.20.M Charge distribution (nuclear), 21.10.F Charge-exchange reactions -chemistry, 82.30.F -nuclear physics -[supon]3[supoff]H-, [supon]3[supoff]He-, and [supon]4[supoff]He- induced, 25.55.K -[supon]2[supoff]H-induced, 25.45.K -induced by unstable nuclei, 25.60.L -low and intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions, 27.70.K -nucleon induced, 25.40.K -pion, 25.80.G Charge measurement, 84.37 Charge transfer -atomic and molecular collisions, 34.70 -chemical reactions, 82.30.F Charge-transfer complexes (biomolecules), 87.15 Charged clusters, 36.40.W Charged-lepton interactions with hadrons, 13.60 Charged-particle beams -in accelerators, 29.27 -beam optics, 41.75, 41.85 -sources and detectors, 07.77.K Charged-particle-induced fission, 25.85.G Charged-particle spectrometers, 29.27.A Charged-particle spectroscopy, 29.30.E Charmed baryons, 14.20.L Charmed mesons -hadronic decays, 13.25.F -leptonic and semileptonic decays, 13.20.F -properties, 14.40.L Chemical analysis, 82.80 -in biophysics, 87.64 Chemical beam epitaxy, 81.15.H Chemical bonds, 31.10 -biomolecules, 87.15.B -crystals, 61.50.L -macro- and polymer molecules, 36.20.H Chemical composition -Earth's atmosphere, 92.60.H, 94.10.F -Earth's interior, 91.35.L -galaxies, 98.62.B -materials, 81.05, 82.80 -planets, 96.35.E -solid surfaces and solid-solid interfaces, 68.35.D -stars, 97.10.T -Sun, 96.60.F -superconductors, 74.62.B -thin films, 68.55.N Chemical equilibria, 82.60.H Chemical interdiffusion, 66.30.N Chemical kinetics, 82.20, 82.40 Chemical lasers, 42.55.K, 82.40.T -kinetics, 82.80.T Chemical physics (see 82) Chemical reactions, 82.30, 82.40 -clusters, 36.40.J Chemical sensors, 07.07.D Chemical shift (NMR), 76.60.C Chemical synthesis, 81.20.K Chemical thermodynamics, 82.60 Chemical vapor deposition, 52.75.R, 81.15.G Chemically reactive flows, 47.70.F Chemically reactive materials (rheology), 83.50.J Chemiluminescence, 78.60.P -chemical reactions, 82.40.T Chemisorption -solid-fluid interfaces, 68.45 -surface and interface chemistry, 82.65.M Cherenkov detectors, 29.40.K Cherenkov radiation, 41.60.B Chevrel phases, superconductivity of, 74.70.A Chiral Lagrangians, 12.39.F Chiral symmetries, 11.30.R Chirality -biomolecules, 87.15.B -liquid crystals, 61.30 -optical activity, 33.55.A, 78.20.E -polymer molecules and macromolecules, 36.20.E -rotational isomerism, 33.15.H Chirping, 42.65.R Chromatography, 82.80.B Chromodynamics, quantum, 12.38 Chromosphere, solar, 96.60.N Chronometers, 06.30.F Circuit theory, 84.30.B Circuits -electronic, 07.50.E, 84.30 -integrated, 85.40 -passive components, 84.32 Circulation -atmospheric, 92.60.B -oceanography, 92.10.M Circumstellar envelopes, 97.10.F Cladding, optical fibers, 42.81.B Classical field theory, 03.50 Classical mechanics -continuous media, 03.40 -discrete systems, 03.20 Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, 03.65, 31.10 Climate dynamics, 92.70.G Climatology, 92.60.R Clocks, 06.30.F, 95.55.S Clouds -atmospheric optics, 42.68.G -interstellar, 98.38.D -meteorology, 92.60.N -planetary atmospheres, 96.35.H -stellar, 97.10.F Cluster models, nuclear, 21.60.G Cluster theory, atomic physics, 31.15.D Clusters -atomic and molecular, 36.40 -formation in chemical reactions, 82.30.N -galaxies, 98.65 -solid -electronic structure, 71.24 -structure, 61.46 -stellar, 98.20 Coastal oceanography, 92.10.S Coastal processes, 91.50.C Coatings -deposition methods, 81.15 -optical, 42.79.W Coercivity (magnetic materials), 75.60.G Coherence -in electron scattering, 34.80.P -optical -quantum optics, 42.50.A -wave optics, 42.25.K Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), 42.65.D Coherent radiation, plasma devices for generation of, 52.75.V Cohesion, material flows, 83.50.L Cohesive energy, 61.50.L -calculation methods, 71.15.N Coils, induction, 84.32.H Cold electron emitters, 85.45.D "Cold" fusion (classified under deuteron-induced reactions, 25.45 and electrochemistry, 82.45) Cold working, 81.40.E Collagen (rheology), 83.80.L Collective excitations -bulk matter, 71.45 -clusters, 36.40.G -excitons, 71.35.L -nuclear structure, 21.10.R -one-dimensional conductors, 72.15.N -superfluid helium-3, 67.57.J -surfaces and interfaces, 73.20.M Collective flow, relativistic collisions, 25.75.L Collective models (nuclear structure), 21.60.E Collimators, optical, 42.79.A Collisions -atomic and molecular (see 34) -elementary particles (See 13) -galaxies, 98.65.A -in plasma, 52.20.H, F Colloids, 82.70.D, 83.70.H Color centers -absorption spectra, 78.40.F, H -crystal defects, 61.72.J -electron states, 71.55 -EPR, 76.30.M Color transparency (QCD in nuclei), 24.85 Color vision, 42.66.N Colorimeters, 07.60.D Colorimetry, 82.80.C Combinatorics, 02.10.E Combustion -enthalpy, 82.60.C -reaction kinetics, 82.40.P Combustion synthesis, 81.20.K Cometary nebulae, 97.21 Comets -interaction with solar wind, 96.50.E -in interplanetary space, 96.50.G Commensurate-incommensurate transformations, 64.70.R Commutative rings and algebras, 02.10.P Compact disks, 42.79.V Compactification (string theory), 11.25.M Compaction (materials preparation), 81.20.E Comparators, electronic, 84.30.Q Complex variables, 02.30.F, D Composite materials -dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric, 77.84.L -electrical conductivity, 72.80.T -optical properties of thin films, 78.66.F -preparation, 81.20 -rheology of, 83.70.D Composite particle models, 12.60.R Compressibility -gases, 51.35 -liquids, 62.10 -shells, plates, and beams, 46.30.L -solids, 62.20.F, 81.40.L Compressible flows, 47.40 Compression molding, 83.50.D Compressional waves -aeronomy, 94.10.J -meteorology, 92.60.D Compressors, electronic, 84.30.Q Compton scattering -atoms, 32.80.C -bulk matter, 78.70 -by hadrons, 13.60.F Computational techniques, mathematical, 02.70 Computer-aided design -electronics, 84.30.B -microelectronics, 85.40.B Computer hardware, 07.05.B Computer interfaces, 07.05.W -nuclear physics, 29.50 Computer languages, 07.05.B Computer modeling and simulation, 07.05.T -astronomy, 95.75.P -chemical kinetics, 82.20.W -disordered solids, 61.43.B -impact phenomena, solids, 79.20.A -integrated circuits fabrication, 85.40.B -liquid structure, 61.20.J -magnetic critical points, 75.40.M -optical properties, 78.20.B -plasma, 52.65 -rheology, 83.20.J Computer science and technology, 89.80 Computer vision, 42.30.T Computerized tomography, 87.59.F Computers -as educational aids, 01.50.H -in experimental physics, 07.05 -optical, 42.79.T Concentrators, solar, 42.79.E Condensation -fluid-fluid interfaces, 68.10.J -liquid-vapor transitions, 64.70.F -nucleation, 64.60.Q -chemical thermodynamics, 82.60.N -solid-fluid interfaces, 68.45.D Condensed matter (see 60) Conducting polymers, 72.80.L, 73.61.P Conductors, electrical, 84.32.F Conduits, flow through, 47.60 Conferences -announcements, 01.10.F -proceedings, 01.30.C Configuration interaction calculations, 31.25 Confined flow, 47.60 Conformal field theory, 11.25.H Conformation, molecular, 33.15.B -barrier heights, 33.15.H -biomolecules, 87.15.B, H -macromolecules and polymers, 36.20.E Connectors (See Interconnects) Conservation laws -classical mechanics, 03.20 -electromagnetism, 41.20.B -fields and particles, 11.30 Constants, fundamental, 06.20.J Constitutive relations (rheology), 83.20 Contact resistance and potential, 73.40.C Contacts -II-VI semiconductor-to-semiconductor, 73.40.L -III-V semiconductor-to-semiconductor, 73.40.K -integrated electronics, 85.40.L -mechanical, 46.30.P -metal-nonmetal, 73.40.N -metal-to-metal, 73.40.J -semiconductor-electrolyte, 73.40.M -superconducting, 74.80.F Continental crust seismology, 91.30.V Continental margins, 91.45.C Continents, 93.30 -drift of, 91.45.D Continuous media, dynamics of (rheology), 83.10.D Continuum mechanics, 83.10.F Control devices, 07.07.T Convection -aeronomy, 94.10.L -heat transfer, 44.25 -ionosphere, 94.20.W -magnetosphere, 94.30.F -meteorology, 92.60.E -turbulent flows, 47.27.T Convection currents (plate tectonics), 91.45.F Convergent-beam electron diffraction, 61.14.L Convex sets, 02.40.F Cooling -atoms, ions, and molecules, 32.80.P, 33.80.P -cryogenic, 07.20.M Copolymers, rheology of, 83.70.H Coriolis effects -molecules (vibration/rotation), 33.20.V -oceans, 92.10.E Corona -solar, 96.60.P -stellar, 97.10.E Corona discharges, 52.80.H Correlation -in electron scattering, 34.80.P -in nuclear electromagnetic transitions, 23.20.E Correlation functions (collective effects), 71.45.G Corrosion fatigue, 81.40.N Corrosion protection, 81.65.K Cosmic censorship, 04.20.D Cosmic dust -in Earth's atmosphere, 94.10.N -external galaxies, 98.58.C -Milky Way, 98.38.C Cosmic rays, 96.40 -astronomical observations, 95.85.R -high-energy interactions, 13.85.T -nucleosynthesis, 24.60 -sources, galactic and extragalactic, 98.70.S Cosmic strings, 11.27, 98.80.C Cosmogony, 96.10 Cosmology, 98.80 Cosmotrons, 29.20.L Cottrell atmospheres, 61.72.L Couette flow, 47.15, 83.50 Coulomb blockade, 73.23.H Coulomb energies (nuclear levels), 21.10.S Coulomb excitation (heavy-ion collisions), 25.70.D Coupled-channel methods (nuclear reactions), 24.10.E Coupled cluster theory, 31.15.D Couplers (See Optical couplers) CP invariance, 11.30.E CPT invariance, 11.30.E Cracks -detection, 81.70 -healing, 83.50.T -mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.M -structural mechanics, 46.30.N Cranking model, 21.60.C, E Cratering (Moon), 96.20.K Creep, 83.50.B -effects of materials treatment, 81.40.L -evidence of dislocations, 61.72.H -mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.H Creeping flows, 47.15.G Critical currents (superconductivity), 74.60.J Critical exponents, 64.60.F -magnetism, 75.40.C Critical fields (superconductivity), 74.60.E Critical phenomena (see 64) -magnetism, 75.40 -at surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.R -thermodynamics, 05.70.J Critical points, 05.70.J, 64.60, 64.70, 82.60 Criticality, self-organized, 64.60.L Cross sections -chemical reactions, 82.20.P -electron scattering -atoms and molecules, 34.80 -conductivity, 72.10 -hadrons -high-energy interactions, 13.85.L -with photons and charged leptons, 13.60.H -photon-atom interactions, 32.80.C -reactions induced by unstable nuclei, 25.60.D -scattering of atoms and molecules, 34.50 Crustal movements, 91.10.K Cryogenics -instrumentation, 07.20.M -therapy, 87.54.B Crystal binding, 61.50.L Crystal defects, 61.72 Crystal fields -level splitting, 71.70.C -in magnetic ordering, 75.10.D Crystal growth -methods of, 81.10 -physics of, 81.10.A Crystal structure -alloys, 61.66.D -elemental solids, 61.66.B -inorganic compounds, 61.66.F -minerals, 91.60.E -organic compounds, 61.66.H -superconductors, 74.62.B -surfaces, 68.35.B -theory, 61.50.A Crystal symmetry, 61.50.A Crystallization -amorphous materials, 61.43 -phase transitions, 64.70.D -physics of, 81.10.A Crystallographic databases, 61.68 Crystallography (see 61) Crystals -impurities, 61.72.S -liquid, structure of, 61.30 -microstructure, 61.72 -materials treatment effects on, 81.40 -morphology and orientation, 81.10.A -nonlinear optical, 42.70.M -phase diagrams, 81.30 -purification, 81.10 -quantum, 67.80 Cuprates (superconductors), 74.72, 74.76 Curie point -ferroelectric, 77.80.B -magnetic, 75.30.K, 75.40 Current drive plasma heating, 52.50.G Currents -critical (superconductivity), 74.60.J -marine geology, 91.50.J -theory of fields and particles, 11.40 Curriculum (physics education), 01.40.G Curvature measurement, 06.30.B Curve fitting, 02.60.E Cyclotron resonance -condensed matter, 76.40 Cyclotrons, 29.20.H D D region, ionosphere, 94.20.E Dark matter, 95.35 Data acquisition, 07.05.H Data analysis, algorithms for, 07.05.K Data management, 07.05.K Data visualization, algorithms for, 07.05.R Databases, astronomical, 95.80 Databases, crystallographic, 61.68 de Haas-van Alphen effect, 71.18 Debye temperature, 63.70 Debye-Waller factor, 61.10, 63.70 Decay -baryons, 13.30 -electromagnetic, 13.40.H -heavy neutrinos, 13.35.H -intermediate bosons, 13.38 -mesons -hadronic, 13.25 -leptonic and semileptonic, 13.20 -muons, 13.35.B -by proton emission, 23.50 -radioactive (see 23) -taus, 13.35.D Decision theory, 02.50.L Decomposition reactions, 82.30.L Deep energy levels, 71.55 Defect levels -bulk matter, 71.55 -surfaces and interfaces, 73.20.H Defects, crystal, 61.72 -absorption spectra, 78.40 -determination by diffraction and scattering, 61.72.D -diffusion, 66.30.L -direct observations, 61.72.D -EPR, 76.30.M -formation and annealing, 61.72.C -gettering effect, 61.72.Y -indirect evidence, 61.72.H -quantum crystals, 67.80.M -quantum tunneling, 66.35 -scattering by (electronic transport), 72.10.F -solid surfaces and solid-solid interfaces, 68.35.D -superconductors, 74.62.D -thin films, 68.55.L Defects, liquid crystals, 61.30.J Deflectors (optical devices), 42.79.F Deformation -effects of materials treatment, 81.40.L -kinematics, 83.10.B -material flow, 83.50 -mathematical aspects, 03.40.D -mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.F Degasification, 07.30.B Delay equations, in function theory, 02.30.K Delay lines, microelectronic, 85.50 Delocalization processes (surface and interface electron states), 73.20.J Demodulators, 84.30.Q Demonstration experiments and apparatus, 01.50.M Demultiplexers, 42.79.S Dendrites, 68.70 Density -changes of, 65.70 -measurement of, 06.30.D Density-functional theory -atomic and molecular physics, 31.15.E -condensed matter, 71.15.M Density of states -crystalline solids, 71.20 -disordered solids, 71.23 -surfaces and interfaces, 73.20 Depolarization effects (dielectrics), 77.22 Deposition -films and coatings, 81.15 -integrated circuits, 85.40.S Depth profiling, 61.72.S, 81.70.J Design of experiments (computers), 07.05.F Desorption -chemisorption, 82.65.M -field induced, 79.70 -photon- and electron-stimulated, 79.20.L -solid-fluid interfaces, 68.45.D Detectors -bolometers, 07.57.K -Cherenkov, 29.40.K -for elementary-particle and nuclear physics, 29.40 -infrared, 07.57.K, 85.25.P, 85.60.G -microwave, 07.57.K -optical, 42.79.P -radiowave, 07.57.K -scintillation, 29.40.M -solid-state, 29.40.W -submillimeter wave, 07.57.K, 85.25.P -tracking and position-sensitive, 29.40.G -x-ray, 07.85.F Detonation -chemical reactions, 82.40.P -fluid dynamics, 47.40 -seismology, 91.30.R Deuteron-induced reactions, 25.45 Deuterons, 27.10 Dialysis, membrane, 82.65.F, 87.22.F Diamagnetic resonance, 76.40 Diamagnetism, 75.20 -gases, 51.60 Diamond anvil cells, 07.35 Diamonds, synthesis of, 81.05.T Diaphragms, optical, 42.79.A Diatomic molecules, electron correlation in, 31.25.N Dibaryons, 14.20.P Dichroism -materials, 78.20.F -molecules, 33.55 Dictionaries, 01.30.K Dielectric breakdown, 77.22.J Dielectric constant, complex, 78.20.C Dielectric devices, 85.50 Dielectric function, 77.22.C -collective excitations, 71.45.G Dielectric loss and relaxation, 77.22.G Dielectric materials, 77.84 -thin films, 77.55 Dielectric properties -gases, 51.70 -plasma, 52.25.M -related to treatment conditions, 81.40.T -solids and liquids, 77.22 Differential equations -numerical approximation and analysis, 02.60.L -ordinary, 02.30.H -partial, 02.30.J Differential geometry -classical, 02.40.H -global, 02.40.M Differential thermal analysis (DTA), 81.70.P Diffraction -electron, 61.14 -neutron, 61.12 -optical, 42.25.F -x-ray, 61.10 Diffraction gratings -holographical, 42.49.E -optical, 42.79.D Diffractometers -electron, 07.78 -x-ray, 07.85.J Diffusion -aeronomy, 94.10.L -in atmosphere, 92.60.E -clusters, 36.40.V -in gases, 51.20 -in liquids, 66.10.C -momentum transport, 66.20 -neutron, 28.20.G -oceanography, 92.10.L -in quantum crystals, 67.80.M -at solid surfaces and solid-solid interfaces, 68.35.F -in solids, 66.30 -spin, 75.40.G -turbulent, 47.27.Q Diffusion-limited aggregation, 61.43.H Digital circuits, 84.30.S Digital radiography, 87.59.H Dilatancy, 83.50.Q Dinh-Armstrong equation, 83.20.D Diode lasers, 42.55.P Diode-pumped lasers, 42.55.X Diodes -junction, 85.30.K -light-emitting, 85.60.J -plasma, 52.75.F -high-voltage, 52.75.P Dirac equation, 03.65.P Dirty superconductors, 74.80.B Discharges, electric, 52.80 Disclinations -crystals, 61.72.L -liquid crystals, 61.30.J Discrete system mechanics, 46.10 Discriminators, electronic, 84.30.Q Disk galaxies, 98.52.N Dislocations -direct observation, 61.72.F -indirect evidence, 61.72.H -theory, 61.72.B -thin films, 68.55.L Disordered solids -absorption and reflection spectra, 78.40.P -electrical conductivity, 72.80.N -infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.L -localization in, 71.55.J -photoemission, 79.60.H -structure, 61.43 -superconductivity, 74.80.B -vibrational states, 63.50 Dispersion hardening, 81.40.C Dispersion-reinforced composites, preparation of, 81.05.N Dispersion relations -optical, 42.25.B, 78.20.C -phonons, 63.20.D -plasma waves, 52.35 -S-matrix theory, 11.55.F Dispersions -physical chemistry, 82.70 -rheology, 83.70.H Displacement measurement, 06.30.B Displacive phase transitions, 63.70 Display devices -general instrumentation, 07.07.H -optical, 42.79.K -optoelectronic, 85.60.P Dissociation -chemical reactions, 82.30.L -photochemical, 82.50 -molecular -diffuse spectra, 33.80.G -by electron impact, 34.80.H -energy of, 33.15.F Distance measurement, 06.30.B Distorted-wave approximations (nuclear reactions), 24.10.E Distributed-feedback lasers, 42.55 Distribution theory, 02.50.N Doi-Edwards theory, 83.20.D, F Domain structure -ferroelectric materials, 77.80.D -magnetic films, 75.70.K -magnetic materials, 75.60.C Domain walls -cosmology, 98.80.C -extended classical solutions, 11.27 Doped-insulator lasers, 42.55.R Doping -germanium and silicon, 61.72.T -III-V and II-VI semiconductors, 61.72.V -integrated circuits technology, 85.40.R -profiles, 61.72.S, 81.70.J -superconductors, 74.62.D -thin films, 68.55.L Dosimetry -electron and positron, 87.53.F, H -neutron and proton, 87.53.P, Q -photon, 87.53.B, D Double nuclear magnetic resonance (DNMR) -condensed matter, 76.70.F -molecules, 33.40 Drell-Yan process, 13.85.Q Drift waves (plasma), 52.35.K Dual energy absorptiometry (medical imaging), 87.59.B Duality, strong interactions, 12.40.N Ductility, 62.20.F Ducts -flows in, 47.60 Dwarf galaxies, 98.52.W, 98.56.W -elliptical, 98.52.P Dwarf novae, 97.30.Q Dwarf stars, 97.20 Dye lasers, 42.55.M Dynamic loading, 83.50 Dynamometers, 07.10.P E E region, ionosphere, 94.20.G Ear, 43.64 Early Universe, 98.80.C Earth -crust movement, vertical, 91.45.P -interior structure and properties, 91.35 -magnetic field, 91.25 Earth satellites, artificial, 95.40 Earthquakes, 91.30.P Echelles, 42.79.D Eclipses, 95.10.G Ecology, 89.60 ECR plasma heating, 52.50.G Eddy-current testing, 81.70.E Education, 01.40 Educational aids, 01.50 Effective mass, 71.18 Eikonal approximation, 11.80.F Einstein equation, general relativity, 04.20 Einstein-Maxwell spacetime, 04.40.N El Nino, 92.10.G Elastic constants, 62.20.D Elastic deformation -materials treatment effects, 81.40.J -mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.F Elastic scattering -of atoms and molecules, 34.50 -deuteron-induced reactions, 25.45.D -of electrons by atoms and molecules, 34.80.B -hadron-induced, 13.85.D -heavy-ion reactions, 25.70.B -lepton-induced reactions, 25.30.B -meson-induced reactions, 25.80.D -nucleon-induced reactions, 25.40.C, D -of photons and leptons by hadrons, 13.60.F -reactions induced by unstable nuclei, 25.60.B -triton-, helium-3-, and helium-4-induced reactions, 25.55.C Elastic waves -rheology, 83.50.T -solids, 62.30 Elasticity -fluid interfaces, 68.10.E -mathematical theory of, 03.40.D -rocks and minerals, 91.60.B -solids, 62.20.D -superconductors, 74.25.L Elastomers -rheology, 83.80.D -structure, 61.41 Elastooptical effects, 78.20.H Electrets, 77.22 Electric breakdown, 51.50, 52.80, 77.22.J Electric charge, 41.20.C, 84.37 Electric current measurement, 84.37 Electric discharges, 52.80 Electric fields -effects on liquid crystal structure, 61.30.G -effects on material flows, 83.50.P -electromagnetism, 41.20 -electrotherapy, 87.54.D -galactic, 98.62.E -ionosphere, 94.20.S -magnetosphere, 94.30.K -measurement, 84.37 -Milky Way, 95.35.E -planetary, 96.35.P -solar, 96.60.H -stellar, 97.10.L Electric impedance measurement, 84.37 Electric moments -atoms, 32.10.D -hadrons, 13.40.E -molecules, 33.15.K Electric motors, 84.50 Electric variable measurements, 84.37 Electrical components, 07.50, 84.32 Electrical conductivity -Earth, 91.25.Q -materials treatment effects on, 81.40.R -metals and alloys -amorphous and liquid, 72.15.C -crystalline, 72.15.E -semiconductors and insulators, 72.20 -mixed conductivity, 72.60 -specific, 72.80 -superconductors, 74.25.F -surfaces, 73.25 -thin films, 73.50 -specific, 73.61 Electrical devices (see 85) Electrical instruments, 07.50 Electrical noise, 07.50.H Electrical phenomena in gases, 51.50 Electrical sensors, 07.07.D Electrical shielding, 07.50.H Electroacoustic transducers, 43.38.B, D, F Electrocaloric effects, 77.70 Electrochemical analysis, 82.80.F Electrochemical cells, 84.50.D Electrochemical devices, 85.80.D Electrochemical energy conversion, 84.60.D Electrochemistry, 82.45 -biological membranes, 87.22.F Electrochromic devices, 85.60.P Electrochromism, 78.20.J Electrodeposition, 81.15.P Electrodynamics -classical, 03.50.D -quantum, 12.20 Electrogasdynamic energy conversion, 84.60.R Electrohydrodynamics, 47.65 Electroluminescence, 78.60.F Electrolysis, 82.45 Electrolytes, structure of, 61.20.Q Electromagnetic decay (elementary particles), 13.40.H Electromagnetic fields, 41.20 Electromagnetic interactions, 13.40 -electroweak, 12.15 -leptons, 13.10 -unified field theories, 12.10 Electromagnetic mass differences, 13.40.D Electromagnetic moments, nuclear, 21.10.K Electromagnetic radiation -interaction with plasma, 52.40.D, N -from moving charges, 41.60 -solar, 96.60.T Electromagnetic testing, 81.70.E Electromagnetic waves -atmospheric optics, 42.68.A -ionosphere, 94.20.B, R -magnetosphere, 94.30.T -meteorology, 92.60.T -microwaves, 84.40 -in plasma, 52.35.H -radiowaves, 41.20.J, 84.40 -theory, 41.20.J -wave optics, 42.25.B Electromagnetism (see 41) Electromechanical resonance, 77.65 Electrometers, 07.50.L Electromigration, 66.30.Q Electron affinity -atoms, 32.10.H -molecules, 33.15.R Electron-atom collisions -elastic scattering, 34.80.B -excitation and ionization, 34.80.D Electron attachment, 34.80.H, L Electron beam annealing, 81.40.E Electron beam-assisted deposition, 81.15.J Electron beam deposition, 81.15.E Electron beam effects, 61.80.F Electron beam induced current (EBIC), 61.16.B Electron beam lithography, 85.40.H Electron beams -nonrelativistic, 41.75.F -polarized (atomic and molecular scattering), 34.80.N -relativistic, 41.75.H Electron capture (nuclear physics), 23.40 Electron correlation calculations, 31.25 Electron-cyclotron waves (plasma), 52.35.H, Q Electron density of states -surfaces and interfaces, 73.20 Electron diffraction -biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.B -crystallography, 61.14 Electron diffractometers, 07.78 Electron dosimetry, 87.53.F, H Electron double resonance (ELDOR) -condensed matter, 76.70.D -molecules, 33.40 Electron emission -Auger, 79.20.F -secondary, 79.20.H -surface collisions, 34.50.D Electron energy-loss spectroscopy, 82.80.P Electron gas -quantum statistical mechanics, 05.30.F -theories and models, 71.10.C -two-dimensional, 73.20 Electron-hadron scattering, 13.60 Electron-hole drops and plasma, 71.35.L Electron holography, 61.14.N Electron-induced nuclear reactions, 25.30 Electron-ion scattering -excitation and ionization, 34.80.K -recombination and electron attachment, 34.80.L Electron microscopes, 07.78 Electron microscopy -biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.D -dislocations and other crystal defects, 61.72.F -structure determination, 61.16.B Electron-molecule collisions -dissociation, 34.80.H -elastic scattering, 34.80.B -excitation and ionization, 34.80.G Electron optics, 41.85 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) -biophysics, 87.64.H -condensed matter, 76.30 -defect structure determination, 61.72.H -molecules, 33.35 Electron phase diagrams, 71.10.H Electron-phonon interactions -electronic transport, 72.10.D -lattice dynamics, 63.20.K -polarons, 71.38 Electron-positron collisions, hadron production by, 13.65 Electron probe analysis, 81.70.J Electron scattering -by atoms and molecules, 34.80 -in nuclear reactions -elastic, 25.30.B -inelastic, 25.30.D, F -spin-arrangement determination, 75.25 Electron sources, 07.77.K -in nuclear physics, 29.25.B Electron spectrometers, 07.81 Electron spectroscopy -biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.L -chemical analysis, 82.80.P -nuclear and particle physics, 29.30.D Electron-stimulated desorption, 79.20.L Electron tubes, 84.47 Electronic circuits, 07.50.E, 84.30 -microelectronics, 85.40 -microwave, 84.40.D -integrated, 84.40.L -passive components, 84.32 Electronic devices (See 85) Electronic excitation and ionization -atoms, 34.50.F -molecules, 34.50.G Electronic structure -atomic and molecular clusters, 36.40.C -atoms, molecules, and their ions -calculations and mathematical techniques, 31.15 -corrections to, 31.30 -interaction effects on, 31.70 -theory of, 31.10 -biomolecules, 87.15.M -condensed matter -calculation methods, 71.15 -clusters and nanoparticles, 71.24 -crystalline solids, 71.20 -disordered solids, 71.23 -liquid metals and semiconductors, 71.22 -macromolecules and polymer molecules, 36.20.K -superconductors, 74.25.J -surfaces, interfaces, and thin films (see 73) Electronic transport -bulk matter (see 72) -interface structures, 73.40 -thin films, 73.61 Electrons, properties of, 14.60.C Electrooptical effects -condensed matter, 78.20.J -molecules, 33.55 Electroosmosis, 82.65.F Electrophoresis, 82.45 Electrophotography, 07.68 Electrophysiology, 87.22 Electroplating, 81.15.P Electroproduction reactions, nuclear, 25.30.R Electrorheological fluids, 83.80.G Electrostatic accelerators, 29.17 Electrostatic lenses, 41.85.N Electrostatic waves -magnetosphere, 94.30.T -plasma, 52.35.F Electrostatics, 41.20.C Electrostriction, 77.65 Electrotherapy, 87.54.D Electroweak interactions, 12.15 -extensions of gauge sector, 12.60.C -extensions of Higgs sector, 12.60.F -nuclear tests of electroweak models, 24.80 -in unified field theories, 12.10.D Elemental abundances and evolution, 26.45 Elemental solids -crystal structure, 61.66.B -dielectric properties, 77.84.B Elementary particles (see 10) -astronomical observations, 95.85.R -astrophysics, 95.30.C Elementary school science education, 01.40.E Ellipsometers, 07.60.F Elliptical galaxies, 98.52.E, 98.56.E Embrittlement, 81.40.N EMC effect (muon scattering), 25.30.M Emission spectra -atoms, 32.30, 32.50 -condensed matter, 78.55, 78.60 -molecules, 33.20, 33.50 -plasma, 52.25 Emissivity, optical, 78.20.C Emulsions, 82.70.K -dielectric properties, 77.84.N -nuclear, 29.40.R -photographic, 07.68 -rheological properties, 83.70.H ENDOR -condensed matter, 76.70.D -molecules, 33.40 Energy conversion, direct, 84.60 Energy extraction from ocean, 92.20.G Energy generation, nuclear astrophysics, 26.10 Energy losses -atom and molecule scattering, 34.50.B -particles in condensed matter, 61.85 Energy resources, 89.30 Energy storage, 84.60 Energy transduction (biophysics), 87.22.F Energy transfer -chemical reactions, 82.20.R -intramolecular, 34.30 Ensemble theory -classical, 05.20.G -quantum, 05.30.C Enthalpy, 05.70.C, 51.30, 65.50, 82.60 Entropy, 05.70, 65.50 Environmental effects on instruments, 07.89 Environmental pollution measurements -instruments for, 07.88 -meteorology, 92.60.S Environmental studies, 89.60 Enzymatic catalysis, 87.15.R Ephemerides, 95.10.K Epitaxy, 68.55, 81.15 Epoxy resins, 83.80 Equations of state -gases, 51.30 -general theory, 05.70.C, 64.10 -rock formation, 91.60.F -specific substances, 64.30 Equilibrium constants, 82.60.H Erosion (geophysics), 92.40.G Errata, 99.10 Error theory, 06.20.D Eruptions, 91.40.F ESCA, 82.80.P Estuarine oceanography, 92.10.S Etalons, 42.79.B Etch pits, 61.72.F Etching, 81.65.C -plasma-assisted, 52.75.R Euclidean field theory, 11.10.C Euclidean geometries, 02.40.D Europe, 93.30.G Eutectic structure, 81.30 Evaporation -black holes, 04.70.D -field-induced, 79.70 -film deposition, 81.15.E -fluid surfaces, 68.10.J -hydrology, 92.40.J -solid-fluid interfaces, 68.45.D -water in atmosphere, 92.60.J EXAFS -biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.F -condensed matter, 61.10.H Exchange interactions -energy-level splitting, 71.70.G -magnetically ordered materials, 75.30.E Exchange reactions, chemical, 82.30.H Excimer lasers, 42.55.L Excited states -atomic and molecular, 31.50 -electron correlation in, 31.25.J -Rydberg states -atoms, 32.80.R -molecules, 33.80.R -scattering in, 34.60 -solids, 71.10.L Excitons, 71.35 Exoelectron emission, 79.75 Exosphere, 94.10 Exotic atoms and molecules, 36.10 Exploding wires, 52.80.Q Explosions -chemical reactions, 82.40.P -compressible flows, 47.40 -electric discharges, 52.80.Q -nuclear, 28.70 -seismology, 91.30.R Extinction coefficients, optical, 78.20.C Extranuclear effects, 23.20.N Extrusion, 81.20.H, 83.50.Y Eye, 42.66 F F region, ionosphere, 94.20.J Fabry-Perot interferometer, 07.60.L Faculae, 96.60.Q Faddeev equation, 11.80.J Failure analysis, integrated circuits, 85.40.Q Familons, 14.80.M Faraday cups, 41.85.Q Faraday effect, 33.55.A, 78.20.L Fatigue -effects of materials treatment, 81.40.N -mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.M -structural mechanics, 46.30.N Faults, plate tectonics, 91.45.V Femtosecond techniques, 06.60.J, 42.65.R, 78.47 Fermi-Dirac statistics, 05.30 Fermi fluids (see 67) Fermi-gas theory, 71.10.C Fermi liquid -marginal, 74.20.M -theory, 71.10.A Fermi surfaces, 71.18 Fermions -composite, 71.10.P -statistical mechanics, 05.30.F Ferrimagnetic resonance, 76.50 Ferrimagnetics, 75.50.G Ferrite devices, 85.70.G Ferrites, 75.50.G Ferroelasticity, 62.20.D Ferroelectric devices, 85.50 Ferroelectricity, 77.80 Ferromagnetic materials -iron and its alloys, 75.50.B -metals other than iron, 75.50.C -nonmetals, 75.50.D Ferromagnetic resonance, 76.50 Few-body systems, 21.45 Fiber gyros, 42.81.P Fiber lasers, 42.55.W Fiber-optic instruments, 07.60.V Fiber-optic sensors, 42.81.P Fiber optics, 42.81 Fiber-reinforced composites, 81.05.N Fibers, synthetic and natural, 81.05.L Field desorption, 79.70 Field effect devices, 85.30.T Field emission, 79.70 Field-emission displays, 85.45.F Field-emission microscopy, 61.16.F Field emitters and arrays, 85.45.B Field-ion microscopy, 61.16.F Field ionization, 79.70 Field theory, 11.10 -classical, 03.50 -gauge, 11.15 -quantized fields, 03.70 -unified, 04.50, 12.10 Figure of merit, 84.60.B Films -conductivity, 73.50, 73.61 -deposition methods, 81.15 -dielectric, 77.55 -Langmuir-Blodgett, 68.18 -liquid, 68.15 -magnetic, 75.70 -optical properties, 78.66 -photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.D -quantum fluids, 67.70 -superconducting, 74.76 -superfluid helium-4, 67.40.R -surface reactions, 82.65.F Films (educational aids), 01.50.F Filters -electronic, 84.30.V -optical, 42.79.C Fine structure -atoms, 32.10.F -molecules, 33.15.P Finite-difference methods -atomic and molecular physics, 31.15.F -mathematical methods, 02.70.B Finite element analysis, 02.70.D Finite groups, 02.20.D Fire-hose instability, 52.35.P First sound (quantum fluids), 67.40.M Fission-fusion reactions, 25.70.J Fission reactors -design and components, 28.41 -types of, 28.52 Flames, 82.40.P Flare stars, 97.30.N Flavor symmetries, 11.30.H Flow computation -fluid dynamics, 47.11 -rheology, 83.85.P Flow control, 47.62 Flowmeters, 47.80 Fluctuation phenomena -diamagnetism and paramagnetism, 75.20.H -magnetically ordered materials, 75.30.M -nuclear reactions, 24.60.K -plasma, 52.25.G -quantum optics, 42.50.L -statistical physics, 05.40 -superconductors, 74.40 Fluid dynamics, 03.40.G, 47 Fluid equation (plasma simulation), 52.65.K Fluid flows -biorheology, 87.45 -buoyant, 47.32 -compressible, 47.40 -in ducts, channels, and conduits, 47.60 -flow control, 47.62 -general mathematical aspects, 03.40.G -instruments, 47.80 -laminar, 47.15 -non-Newtonian, 47.50 -nonhomogeneous, 47.55 -nonlinear fluids, 83.10.J -quantum fluids, 67.40.H -rarefied gas dynamics, 47.45 -reactive, radiative and nonequilibrium, 47.70 -relativistic, 47.75 -rotational, 47.32 -through porous media, 47.55.M Fluid-fluid interfaces, 68.10 Fluid surfaces, 68.10 Fluids -electrorheological and magnetorheological, 83.80.G -mechanical properties, 47.17 -quantum (see 67) Fluorescence -atoms, 32.50 -condensed matter, 78.55 -molecules, 33.50.D -x-ray, 78.70.E Fluorescence spectroscopy (biophysics and medical physics), 87.64.N Fluoroscopy, 87.59.C Flute instability, 52.35.P Flux-line lattices, 74.60.G Flux pinning and creep, 74.60.G Foams, 82.70.R -rheology, 83.70.H Fog -atmospheric optics, 42.68.G -meteorology, 92.60.J Fokker-Planck equation -kinetic theory of gases, 51.10 -plasma simulation, 52.65.F -statistical mechanics, 05.20 Folds, tectonic, 91.45.T Food, rheology of, 83.80.L Forces -interatomic, 34.20.C -intermolecular, 34.20.G -measurement of, 07.10.P -nuclear, 21.30 Form factors -electromagnetic, 13.40.G -photon-atom interactions, 32.80.C Formation heat, 82.60.C Forming, 81.20.H Fossil fuels, energy resources, 89.30 Four-wave mixing, 42.65.H, K Fourier analysis, 02.30.N Fourier optics, 42.30.K Fourier transform spectra, 32.30, 33.20, 78.30, 78.40 Fractals -fluid dynamics, 47.53 -phase transitions, 64.60.A -structure of disordered solids, 61.43.H Fractional quantum Hall effect, 73.40.H Fracture -effects of materials treatments, 81.40.N -mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.M -plate tectonics, 91.45.V -rheology, 83.50.T -rock mechanics, 91.60.B -structural mechanics, 46.30.N Fragmentation (nuclear reactions), 25.70.M, P Franck-Condon factors, 33.70.C Free-electron lasers, 41.60.C Free-electron plasma devices, 52.75.M Free energy, 05.70.C, 51.30, 65.50 Free-induction decay (quantum optics), 42.50.M Free molecular flows, 47.45.D Free radicals -chemical reactions, 82.30.C -EPR of, 76.30.R Frenkel defects, 61.72.J Frenkel excitons, 71.35.A Frequency, measurement of, 06.30.F Frequency conversion (nonlinear optics), 42.65.K Frequency convertors, optical, 42.79.N Frequency standards, 06.20.F -astronomical instrumentation, 95.55.S Fresnel zone plates, 42.79.C Friction -internal, 62.40 -evidence of dislocations, 61.72.H -materials treatment effects, 81.40.P -structural mechanics, 46.30.P Friction force microscopy, 07.79.S Fuel -for fission reactors, 28.41.B -for fusion reactors, 28.52.C Fuel cells (energy conversion), 84.60.D Fullerenes and related materials -absorption and reflection spectra, 78.40.R -electrical conductivity, 72.80.R -electronic structure, 71.20.T -fabrication, 81.15.T -infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.N -structure, 61.48 -superconductivity, 74.70.W -thin films -electrical conductivity, 73.61.W -optical properties, 78.66.T Function generators, 84.30.N Functional analysis, 02.30 -quantum mechanics, 03.65.D Functional approximation, algorithms for, 02.60.G Fundamental constants, 06.20.J Furnaces, 07.20.H Fuses, 84.32.V Fusion -cold (see "Cold" fusion) -[supon]2[supoff]H-induced, 25.45 -heavy-ion induced, 25.70.J -inertial confinement -heavy-ion, 52.58.H -laser, 52.58.N -light-ion, 52.58.E -magnetic confinement, 52.55 -reactions induced by unstable nuclei, 25.60.P Fusion-fission reactions, 25.70.J Fusion reactors, 28.52 Fuzzy logic, 07.05.M G g-factor, 32.10.F, 33.15.P, 71.18 Galactic center, 98.35.J Galactic clusters, 98.65 Galactic mass, 98.60.F Galactic winds, 98.35.N, 98.62.N Galaxies -active, 98.54 -local groups, 98.56 -normal, 98.52 -properties, 98.62 Galerkin method, 02.70.D Galvanomagnetic effects -metals and alloys, 72.15.G -semiconductors and insulators, 72.20.M -thin films, 73.50.J Galvanometers, 07.50.Y Game theory, 02.50.L Gamma-ray lasers, 42.55.V Gamma-ray spectroscopy -chemical analysis, 82.80.E -condensed matter, 76.80 -nuclear physics, 29.30.K Gamma-ray telescopes, 95.55.K Gamma rays -astronomical observations, 95.85.P -biological effects of, 87.50.G -instruments and techniques, 07.85 -radiation damage by, 61.80.E -sources (astronomical), 98.70.R Gamma transitions, 23.20.L Garnet devices, 85.70.G Garnets (ferrites), 75.50.G Gas chromatography, 82.80.B Gas-filled counters, 29.40.C Gas lasers, 42.55.L Gas sensors, 07.07.D Gas-surface interactions, 34.50.D, 82.65.P Gases -interplanetary, 96.50.D -physical properties (see 51) -rarefied, dynamics of, 47.45 -weakly ionized, electron scattering in, 34.80.M Gauge bosons, 14.70 Gauge field theories, 11.15 Gauge sector extensions (electroweak interactions), 12.60.C Gels, 82.70.G -thermoreversible, 83.70.H General physics, 01.55 General relativity (see 04) Generators -magnetohydrodynamic, 52.75.F -nuclear reactors, 28.50.M -pulse, 84.30.N Geochemical cycles, 91.65.B Geochemistry -isotopic composition, 91.65.D -low-temperature, 91.65.F -major element composition, 91.65.V -organic, 91.65.H -trace elements, 91.65.N Geochronology, 91.35.N Geodesy, 91.10 Geodetic reference systems, 91.10.W Geoelectricity, 91.25.Q Geographical regions, 93.30 Geological materials (rheology), 83.80.L Geological time, 91.70 Geology, 91.65 Geomagnetic field, 91.25 Geometric inequalities, 02.40.F Geometrical optics, 42.15 Geometry -algebraic, 02.10.R -differential, 02.40.H, M -Euclidean and projective, 02.40.D -Riemannian, 02.40.K Geophysical instrumentation, 93.85 Geophysics (see 91) Geothermy, 91.35.D Germanium, doping and ion implantation of, 61.72.T Gettering effect -crystals, 61.72.Y -surface treatments, 81.65.T Giant magnetoresistance, 75.70.P Giant resonances (nuclear reactions), 24.30.C Giant stars, 97.20.L Ginzburg-Landau theory, 74.20.D Glaciers, 92.40.V Glass-based composites, preparation of, 81.05.P Glass transitions, 64.70.P Glasses -electrical conductivity, 72.80.N -electronic structure, 71.23.C -magnetic, 75.50.K -optical materials, 42.70.C -preparation, 81.05.K -structure, 61.43.F -thin films -electrical conductivity, 73.61.J -optical properties, 78.66.J Glauber model, 24.10.H Glauber scattering, 11.80.L Global analysis, 02.40.V Global change, 92.70 Globular clusters, 98.20.G Glow discharge, 52.80.H Gluons, 14.70.D -in nuclei, 24.85 Gradient-index (GRIN) devices, 42.79.R -fiber-optical, 42.81.H Grain boundaries, 61.72.M Grand unified theories, 12.10.D Granular materials -preparation, 81.05.R -rheology, 83.70.F -superconductivity, 74.80.B Graph theory, 02.10 Graphite, 81.05.T Grasers, 42.55.V Gratings -holographic, 42.40.E -in nonlinear optics, 42.65.H -optical elements, 42.79.D Gravimeters, 04.80.N Gravitation -astrophysics, 95.30.S -general theory (see 04) Gravitational constant, 04.80, 06.20.J, 95.30.F Gravitational lenses, 95.30.S, 98.62.S Gravitational microlensing, 95.30.S, 98.35.G, 98.62.S, J Gravitational waves -astronomical observations, 95.85.S -detectors, 04.80.N, 95.55.Y -theory, 04.30 Gravity -Earth, 91.10 -experimental test of gravitational theories, 04.80.C -Moon, 96.20.J -in more than four dimensions, 04.50 -planets, 96.35.F -plate tectonics, 91.45.S -quantum, 04.60 -self-gravitating systems, 04.40 -supergravity, 04.65 Gravity waves -aeronomy, 94.10.J -meteorology, 92.60.D Greenhouse effect, 92.70 Greenland, 93.30.K Green's functions, 02.30 GRIN devices, 42.79.R, 42.81.H Groundwater, 92.40.K Group theory -atomic and molecular physics, 31.15.H -mathematics, 02.20 -nuclear physics, 21.60.F -quantum mechanics, 03.65.F Gunn effect devices, 85.30.F Gyrofluid and gyrokinetic plasma simulations, 52.65.T Gyros, fiber-optical, 42.81.P Gyroscopes, 07.10.Y Gyrotrons, 84.40.I H H I and H II regions -external galaxies, 98.58.G, H -Milky Way, 98.38.G, H Hadamard transforms, 42.30.V Hadron mass models, 12.40.Y Hadronic decays -baryons, 13.30.E -mesons, 13.25 Hadrons -interactions induced by -high and super-high energy, 13.85 -low and intermediate energy, 13.75 -mass models, 12.40.Y -neutrino interactions with, 13.15 -nuclear forces, 21.30.F -photon and charged-lepton interactions with, 13.60 -production by electron-positron collisions, 13.65 -properties -baryons, 14.20 -mesons, 14.40 Haemodynamics, 87.45.H Haemorheology, 83.80.L Hall effect -quantum, 73.40.H -semiconductors, 72.20.M -thin films, 73.50.J Hall effect devices, 85.30.F Handbooks, 01.30.K Hardening, 81.40.C, E Hardness -solids, 62.20.Q, 81.40.N -structural mechanics, 46.30.P Harmonic generation (nonlinear optics), 42.65.K Harmonic oscillators, 03.65.G Hartree-Fock approximation -electronic structure of atoms and molecules, 31.15.N -electronic structure of solids, 71.15.F -nuclear-structure models, 21.60.J Hawking effects, 04.60 Hearing, 43.66 Hearing aids, 43.66.T Heat -pulse propagation in solids, 66.70 Heat capacity -chemical thermodynamics, 82.60.F -liquids, 65.20 -at magnetic critical points, 75.40.C -solids, 65.40 Heat engines, 07.20.P Heat pumps, 07.20.P Heat transfer -convective, 44.25 -Earth's interior, 91.35.D -inhomogeneous and porous media, 44.30 -phenomenology, 44.10 -radiative, 44.40 -turbulent flows, 47.27.T Heat treatments, effects on microstructure, 81.40.G Heaters, 07.20.H Heavy-fermion solids -diamagnetism and paramagnetism, 75.20.H -electron states, 71.27 -magnetically ordered materials, 75.30.M -superconductivity, 74.70.T Heavy-ion nuclear reactions -low and intermediate energy, 25.70 -relativistic, 25.75 Heavy-ion spectroscopy, 29.30 Heavy-particle decay, 23.70 Heavy-particle dosimetry, 87.53.P, Q Heavy quark theory, 12.39.H Heisenberg model, 75.10.J Helicity amplitudes, 11.80.C Helicons -bulk matter, 72.30 -thin films, 73.50.M Helioseismology, 96.60.L Helium -liquid mixtures, 67.60 -solid, 67.80 -spin-polarized, 67.65 Helium-3 -normal phase, 67.55 -nuclear reactions, induced by, 25.55 -superfluid phase, 67.57 Helium-4 -normal phase, 67.20 -nuclear reactions, induced by, 25.55 -superfluid phase, 67.40 Herbig-Haro objects, 97.21 Heterostructures -electrical properties, 73.40 -electron states, 73.20.D -magnetic properties, 75.70.C -optical properties, 78.65 -photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.J -structure and nonelectronic properties, 68.65 -superconductivity, 74.80.D Higgs bosons -non-standard-model, 14.80.C -standard-model, 14.80.B Higgs sector extensions (electroweak interactions), 12.60.F High-coercivity materials, 75.50.V High-current technology, 84.70 High-energy physics (see 10, 20) High-energy reactions (hadron-induced), 13.85 High-field effects, 72.20.H, 73.50.F High-frequency discharges, 52.80.P High-frequency effects -bulk matter, 72.30 -thin films, 73.50.M High-pressure effects -mechanical properties of solids, 62.50 -structural properties of materials, 81.40.V High pressure production and techniques, 07.35 High-speed techniques (microsecond to femtosecond), 06.60.J High-T[subon]c[suboff] superconductors -critical currents, 74.60.J -devices, 85.25 -films, 74.76.B -flux pinning, 74.60.G -general properties, 74.25 -materials, 74.70, 74.72 -spatially inhomogeneous structures, 74.80 -theory, 74.20 -transition temperature, 74.10, 74.62 High-temperature techniques and instrumentation, 07.20.K High-voltage diodes, 52.75.P High-voltage technology, 84.70 Higher education, 01.40.G Historical notes, 01.60 History of science, 01.65 Hole burning -atomic spectra, 32.30 -condensed matter, 78.40 -molecular spectra, 33.20 Holograms -computer generated, 42.40.J -volume, 42.40.P Holographic optical elements, 42.40.E Holography -electron, 61.14.N -optical, 42.40 -recording materials, 42.70.L Homological algebra, 02.10.W Hopping, 72.20.F, 73.50.F Hot atom reactions, 82.55 Hot carriers, 72.20.H, 73.50.F Hot working, 81.40.G Hubbard model -electronic structure, 71.10.F -magnetic ordering, 75.10.J -superconductivity, 74.20 Hubble Space Telescope, 95.55.F Hueckel calculations (molecular structure), 31.15.C Humidity, 92.60.J Hybrid integrated circuits -electronic, 85.40 -optical, 42.82.F Hydraulic fluids, 83.80 Hydrodynamic models, nuclear reactions, 24.10.N Hydrodynamic stability, 47.20 Hydrodynamic waves, 47.35 Hydrodynamics -astrophysical applications, 95.30.L -helium-3 -normal phase, 67.55.F -superfluid phase, 67.57.D -helium-4 -superfluid phase, 67.40.H -superfluidity, 47.37 Hydroelasticity, 46.30.M Hydrogen, spin-polarized, 67.65 Hydrogen bonding -chemical reactions, 82.30.N -molecules, 33.15.F Hydrography, 92.10.Y Hydrology, 92.40 Hydromagnetic plasma instability, 52.35.P Hydrophones, 43.38.P Hydrosphere, 92 Hygrometry, 07.07.V Hyperfine interactions, 31.30.G Hyperfine structure -atoms, 32.10.F -molecules, 33.15.P Hypernuclei, 21.80 Hyperon-induced reactions and scattering, 25.80.P Hyperon-nucleon reactions and scattering, 13.75.E Hyperonic atoms and molecules, 36.10.G Hyperons, 14.20.J Hypersonic flows, 47.40.K Hyperspherical methods (atomic physics), 31.15.J Hyperthermia, 87.54.B Hysteresis -ferroelectricity, 77.80.D -magnetism, 75.60 I Ice -hydrology, 92.60.S -rheology, 83.80.N -sea, 92.10.R ICR plasma heating, 52.50.G Image convertors, 42.79.L Image forming, 42.30.V -atmospheric optics, 42.68.S Image intensifiers, 42.79.L Image processing -algorithms, 07.05.P -in astronomy, 95.75.M -in medicine, 87.59 -in optics, 42.30 Image reconstruction, 42.30.W Imaging detectors -in astronomy, 95.55.A -optical devices, 42.79.P Impact ionization (conductivity) -semiconductors and insulators, 72.20.H -thin films, 73.50.F Impedance -electrical, 84.37 Impurities -absorption spectra, 78.40 -in crystals, 61.72.S -diffusion, 66.30.J -effects on superconductivity, 74.62.D -electron states, 71.55 -surfaces and interfaces, 73.20.H -EPR spectra, 76.30 -in helium -normal phase of helium-3, 67.55.L -solid, 67.80.M -superfluid helium-3, 67.57.P -superfluid helium-4, 67.40.Y -implantation, 61.72.T, V, W -magnetic, 75.30.H -in plasma, 52.25.V -in solid surfaces and solid-solid interfaces, 68.35.D -in thin films, 68.55.L In-beam spectroscopy (nuclear physics) (see 23) Inclusions, 61.72.Q Incommensurate solids, 61.44.F Indian Ocean, 93.30.N INDO calculations, 31.15.C Inductance measurement, 84.37 Inductors, 84.32.H Industrial laser applications, 42.62.C Industrial materials (rheology), 83.80.P Industrial research and development, 89.20 Inelastic scattering -atoms and molecules, 34.50 -deuteron-induced reactions, 25.45.D -hadron-induced reactions, 13.85 -lepton-induced reactions, 25.30 -meson-induced reactions, 25.80.E -nucleon-induced reactions, 25.40.F -triton-, helium-3-, and helium-4-induced reactions, 25.55.C Inertial confinement, 52.58.E, H, N Inflationary universe, 98.80.C Information science, 89.70 Infrared detectors, 07.57.K, 85.60.G -superconducting, 85.25.P Infrared optical materials, 42.70.K Infrared radiation -astronomical observations, 95.85 -biological effects, 87.50.H -galactic and extra-galactic, 98.70.L -interstellar, 98.38.J, 98.58.J -in plasma, 52.25.R -sources, 42.72.A -surface irradiation effects, 61.80.B Infrared sources, 07.57.H Infrared spectra -atoms, 32.30.B -condensed matter, 78.30 -macro- and polymer molecules, 36.20.N -molecules, 33.20.E Infrared spectrometers, 07.57.T Infrared spectroscopy -biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.J -chemical analysis, 82.80.C Initial value problem, 04.20.E Injection lasers, 42.55.P Injection molding, 83.50.C Inner-shell ionization, 32.80.H Inorganic compounds -band structure, 71.20.P -structure of, 61.66.F Institutes, 01.10.F Instruments -acoustical, 43.58 -for aeronomy and magnetospheric physics, 94.80 -for astronomy, 95.55 -for atomic and molecular physics (see 39) -for biophysics, 87.80 -common to several branches of physics and astronomy (see 07) -for elementary-particle and nuclear physics (see 29) -environmental effects on, 07.89 -for environmental pollution measurements, 07.88 -for fluid dynamics, 47.80 -for geophysics, 93.85 -musical, 43.75 -for plasma diagnostics, 52.70 -spaceborne and space research, 07.87 Insulator-metal transitions, 71.30 Insulator-superconductor transitions, 74.20.M Insulators -absorption spectra, 78.40.H -band structure, 71.20.P -conductivity, 72.20 -specific insulators, 72.80.S -dielectric devices, 85.50 -photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.B -radiation effects, 61.82.M -thin films (conductivity), 73.61.N Integral equations, 02.30.R Integral transforms, 02.30.Q Integrated circuits, 85.40 -superconducting, 85.25.N Integrated optics, 42.82 Integrodifferential equations, 02.60.N Interatomic distances and angles, 33.15.D Interatomic potentials and forces, 34.20.C Intercalation compounds, 71.20.T Interconnects -electrical, 84.32.D -integrated electronics, 85.40.L -integrated optics, 42.82.D -optical, 42.79.T Interdiffusion, chemical, 66.30.N Interfaces -biological membranes, 87.22.B -electron states, 73.20 -electronic transport, 73.40 -fluid-fluid, 68.10 -magnetic properties, 75.70.C -solid-fluid, 68.45 -solid-solid, 68.35 -structure and roughness, 68.35.C -thermodynamic properties, 82.65.D Interfacial flows, 83.50.L Interfacial tension, 68.10.C Interference, optical, 42.25.H Interferometers, 07.60.L Interferometry -in astronomy, 95.55.B, 95.75.K -atomic, 03.75.D -holographic, 42.40.K -neutron, 03.75.D -phase-shifting, 42.87.B Intermediate bosons, decays of, 13.38 Intermediate-valence solids -diamagnetism and paramagnetism, 75.20.H -electron states, 71.28 -magnetic ordering, 75.30.M Intermetallic compounds, electronic structure of, 71.20.L Intermolecular potentials and forces, 34.20.G Internal conversion, nuclei, 23.20.N Internal friction -evidence of dislocations, 61.72.H -mechanical properties of solids, 62.40 International laboratory facilities, 01.52 International programs, geophysics, 93.55 Interplanetary matter, 96.50.D Interpolation, 02.60.E Interstellar matter -external galaxies, 98.38 -Milky Way, 98.38 Interstitials, 61.72.J Intracellular processes (biophysics), 87.22.B Intramolecular dynamics, 34.30 Inverse photoemission spectroscopy, 78.70 Inversion layers, 73.20, 73.40 Inviscid flows, 47.15.K Inviscid instability, 47.20.C Ion-acoustic waves (plasma), 52.35.F, Q Ion beam-assisted deposition, 81.15.J Ion beam epitaxy, 81.15.H Ion-beam lithography, 85.40.H Ion beams -negative, 41.75.C -positive, 41.75.A Ion-cyclotron resonance plasma heating, 52.50.G Ion-cyclotron waves (plasma), 52.35.H, Q Ion emission, secondary, 79.20.R Ion exchange -chromatography, 82.80.B -surface processes, 82.65.F Ion-exchange resins, 83.80 Ion implantation -germanium and silicon, 61.72.T -III-V and II-VI semiconductors, 61.72.V -plasma sources for, 52.75.R -thin films, 68.55.L -VLSI technology, 85.40.R Ion microscopes, 07.78 -structure determination, 61.16.F Ion-molecule collisions, 34.50 Ion-molecule reactions, 82.30.F Ion optics, 41.85 Ion plating, 81.15.J Ion scattering, 61.18.B Ion sources, 07.77.K -in nuclear physics, 29.25.L, N Ion spectrometers, 07.81 Ion-surface impact, 34.50.D, 79.20.R Ion traps, 32.80.P, 33.80.P, 39.10, 42.50.V Ionic conduction -liquids, 66.10.E -nonmetals, 66.30.H -solids, 66.30.D Ionic interactions, atmospheric, 92.60.L Ionization -atoms -by atom, molecule, and ion impact, 34.50.F -by electron impact, 34.80.D -field, 79.70 -molecules -by atom, molecule, and ion impact, 34.50.G -by electron impact, 34.80.G -photochemistry, 82.50 -plasma, 52.25.J Ionization chambers, 29.40.C Ionization potentials -atoms, 32.10.H -molecules, 33.15.R Ionized cluster beam deposition, 81.15.J Ionizing radiations, biological effects of, 87.50.G Ionoluminescence, 78.60.H Ionosphere -Earth, 94.20 -instrumentation for, 94.80 -planets, 96.35.K -polar cap, 94.20.K Ions -atomic -electronic structure (see 31) -atomic, properties of, 32.10 -molecular -electronic structure (see 31) -properties of, 33.15 -photodetachment, 32.80.G -photoionization, 32.80.F -surface neutralization, 34.50.D Iron and its alloys, ferromagnetism of, 75.50.B Irradiation effects -biological, 87.50 -on instruments, 07.89 -on optical devices, 42.88 -in solids, 61.80 Irreducible representations, 02.20.Q Irreversible processes, 05.70.L Ising model -lattice theory, 05.50 -magnetic ordering, 75.10.H Island structure, thin films, 68.55.J Islands, geographical regions, 93.30.K Isobaric analog resonances, 24.30.G Isobaric spin, 21.10.H Isomerism -biomolecules, 87.15.B -macromolecules and polymer molecules, 36.20.E -rotational, 33.15.H Isomerization reactions, 82.30.Q Isostasy -crustal movements, 91.45.P -relations to gravity observations, 91.45.S Isotope effects -atoms and molecules, 31.30.G -chemical reactions, 82.20.T Isotopes, 32.10.B -abundances and evolution, 26.45 -radioactive, sources of, 29.25.R -separation and enrichment, 28.60 Iterative methods, 02.60 J Jahn-Teller effect -atoms and molecules, 31.30 -condensed matter, 71.70.E Jets -galactic, 98.62.N -interstellar matter, 98.38.F, 98.58.F -in large-Q[supon]2[supoff] scattering, 13.87 -oceanic, 92.10.T -turbulent flows, 47.27.W Joining, 81.20.V Josephson devices, 85.25.C Josephson effects, 74.50 Joule-Thomson effect, 51.30 Jovian satellites, 96.30.K Junction breakdown devices, 85.30.M Junction diodes, 85.30.K Jupiter, 96.30.K K Kaluza-Klein theory, 04.50 Kaon-baryon interactions, 13.75.J Kaon decays -hadronic, 13.25.E -leptonic and semileptonic, 13.20.E Kaon-induced reactions and scattering, 25.80.N Kapitza resistance, 67.40.P KDP crystals, 77.84.F Kerr effect, 33.55.F, 78.20.J Kinematics, 03.20 Kinetic theory -gases, 51.10 -plasma, 52.25.D -statistical mechanics, 05.20.D Kink instability, 52.35.P Klystrons, 84.40.F Knight shift, 76.60.C Knock-on reactions, 24.50 (see also 25.40.H, 25.45.H, 25.55.H, 25.60.J, 25.70.H) Knudsen flow, 47.45 Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix, 12.15.H Kondo effect -diamagnetism and paramagnetism, 75.20.H -electronic conduction in metals and alloys, 72.15.Q -electronic transport, theory of, 72.10.F Kondo lattice, 75.30.M Kosterlitz-Thouless transition -liquid crystals, 64.70.M -magnetic systems, 75.30.K Kronig-Penney model, 71.15.A L Labeling (nuclear medicine), 87.59.Q Laboratory -course design, 01.50.Q -demonstration experiments, 01.50.P -procedures, 06.60 Laboratory facilities, national and international, 01.52 Lagrangians -chiral (quark models), 12.39.F -field theory, 11.10.E -general relativity, 04.20.F Laminar flows, 47.15, 83.50 laminar to turbulent transition, 47.15.F, 47.27.C Landau levels, 71.70.D Langmuir-Blodgett films -deposition, 81.15.L -structure and nonelectronic properties, 68.18 Lanthanum-based high-T[subon]c[suboff] superconductors, 74.72.D Laplace equation, 41.20.C Laplace transforms, 02.30 Larson equation, 83.20 Laser ablation, 79.20.D -film deposition, 81.15.F Laser beam annealing, 61.72.C, 61.80.B Laser beam machining, 42.62.C Laser diodes, 42.55.P Laser Doppler velocimeters, 42.79.Q Laser materials, 42.70.H Laser-modified scattering -of atoms and molecules, 34.50.R -of electrons, 34.80.Q Laser operation -continuous, 42.60.P -long-pulse, 42.60.R Laser-produced plasma, 52.50.J Laser radiation -biological effects, 87.50.H -characteristics, 42.60.J -impact phenomena, 79.20.D -interactions in plasma, 52.40.N -propagation (atmospheric optics), 42.68 -surface irradiation effects, 61.80.B Laser range finders, 06.30.G, 42.79.Q Laser spectroscopy, 42.62.F -condensed matter, 78.47 Laser velocimeters, 06.30.G, 42.79.Q Lasers -applications, 42.62 -general theory of, 42.55.A -optical systems, 42.60 -types of, 42.55 Latent heat, 05.70.C, 65.50 Latex rubber, 83.80.D Lattice dynamics -crystals (see 63) -solid helium, 67.80.C Lattice fermion models, 71.10.F Lattice gauge theory, 11.15.H Lattice QCD calculations, 12.38.G Lattice theory and statistics, 05.50 Lava, 91.40.H Laves phases (superconductivity), 74.70.A Leak detectors (vacuum technology), 07.30.H Least square approximation, 02.50 Lectures -announcements, 01.10.F -publications, 01.30.B LEED, 61.14.H Length measurement, 06.30.B Lenses -design, 42.15.E -electrostatic, 41.85.N -gravitational, 95.30.S -optical, 42.79.B Leonov model (rheology), 83.20 Lepton number, 11.30.F Leptons -beta decay, 23.40 -decays, 13.35 -in decays -of baryons, 13.30.C -of mesons, 13.20 -inclusive production in hadronic interactions, 13.85.Q -interactions with hadrons, 13.60 -masses and mixing (electroweak interactions), 12.15.F -nuclear reactions, 25.30 -properties, 14.60 -weak and electromagnetic interactions, 13.10 Level crossing -atoms, 32.80.B -molecules, 33.80.B Level splitting -atoms, 32.60 -molecules, 33.55.B -solids, 71.70 Levitation devices, magnetic, 85.70.R -superconducting, 85.25.L LIDAR, 42.68.W, 42.79.Q Lie algebra, 02.10.S Lie groups, 02.20.T Lifetimes -atomic spectra, 32.70.C -molecular spectra, 33.70.C -nuclear energy levels, 21.10.T Ligand fields, 71.70.C Light -biological effects of, 87.50.H -interaction with matter, 42.50.C -mechanical effects on atoms and molecules, 32.80.L, 42.50.V -underwater, 92.10.P -zodiacal, 96.50.D Light absorption and transmission, 42.25.B -effects of atomic coherence on, 42.50.G Light-emitting diodes, 85.60.J Light pressure, 42.50.V Light scattering -atmospheric optics, 42.68.M, 94.10.G -condensed matter, 78.35 -plasma, 52.25.Q, R -wave optics, 42.25.F Light-sensitive materials, 42.70.G Light sources, 42.72 Lightning, 52.80.M Limiters. electronic, 84.30.Q Limnology, 92.40.N Line shape and width, 32.70.J, 33.70.J Linear accelerators, 29.17 Linear energy transfer (medical physics), 87.50.L Lipid bilayers, 87.22.B Liquid crystals -defects, 61.30.J -dielectric properties, 77.84.N -displays, 42.79.K -optical devices, 42.79.K -optical materials, 42.70.D -orientation, 61.30.G -phase transitions, 64.70.M -rheology, 83.70.J -structure, 61.30.C, E Liquid-glass transitions, 61.20.L Liquid helium (see 67) Liquid-liquid transitions, 64.70.J Liquid metals and alloys -electrical and thermal conduction, 72.15.C -electronic structure, 71.22 -structure, 61.25.M Liquid-phase epitaxy, 81.15.L Liquid semiconductors -conductivity, 72.80.P -electron density of states, 71.22 Liquid-solid transitions, 64.70.D Liquid thin films, 68.15 Liquid-vapor transitions, 64.70.F Liquids -acoustical properties, 62.60 -associated, 61.20.Q -dielectric properties, 77.84.N -diffusion in, 66.10.C -electric discharge in, 52.80.W -heat capacities, 65.20 -heterogeneous, 83.70.H -homogeneous, 83.70.G -infrared spectra, 78.30.C -ionic conduction in, 66.10.E -magnetic, 75.50.M -mechanical properties, 62.10 -molecular, 61.25.E -noble gas, 61.25.B -osmosis, 66.10.C -photoluminescence, 78.55.B -pressure effects, 62.50 -Raman spectra, 78.30.C -structure, 61.20, 61.25 -thermal conduction, 66.60 -ultraviolet spectra, 78.40.D -visible spectra, 78.40.D Lithography -integrated electronics, 85.40.H -integrated optics, 42.82.C Lithosphere, rheology of, 91.10.R Lithotripsy, 87.51 Local-density approximation -atomic and molecular physics, 31.15.E -condensed matter, 71.15.M Local Group, 98.56 Localization -disordered structures, 71.23, 71.55.J -lattice dynamics, 63.20.P -quantum (conductivity in metals and alloys), 72.15.R -superconductivity, 74.40 -surface and interface electron states, 73.20.F Logic, mathematical, 02.10.B Logic devices -optical, 42.79.T -superconducting, 85.25.H Lorentz invariance, 11.30.C Lorentz transformation, 03.30 Loudspeakers, 93.58 Low-dimensional quantum structures -devices, 85.30.V -electrical properties, 73.61 -electron states, 73.20.D -optical properties, 78.66 -structure and nonelectronic properties, 68.65 Low energy electron diffraction (LEED), 61.14.H Low mass nuclear reactions, 25.10 Low temperature techniques, 07.20.M LSI, 85.40 Lubrication -effects of materials treatment, 81.40.P -rheology, 83.50 Luminescence spectra -atoms, 32.50 -biomolecules, 87.15.M -condensed matter, 78.60 -molecules, 33.50 Luminosity -galaxies, 98.62.Q -stellar, 97.10.R Lunar probes, 95.55.P Luttinger liquid, 71.10.P -superconductivity, 74.20.M Lyapunov methods (control theory), 02.30.W M Mach number, 47.40 Machining -materials, 81.20.W -workshop techniques, 06.60.V Macromolecules -biological, 87.15 -properties, 36.20 -solutions, 61.25.H Macroscopic quantum tunneling (magnetic systems), 74.75 Macrosonics, 43.25 Magellanic clouds, 98.56.S Magma (rheology), 83.80.N Magnetic aftereffects, 75.60.L Magnetic anisotropy, 75.30.G Magnetic annealing, 75.60.N Magnetic bubbles, 75.70.K Magnetic circular dichroism -biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.N -condensed matter, 78.20.L -molecules, 33.55.A Magnetic confinement and equilibrium, 52.55 Magnetic cooling -cryogenics, 07.20.M -magnetocaloric effect, 75.30.S Magnetic coordinate systems, 94.30.B Magnetic cores, 85.70 Magnetic devices, 85.70 Magnetic domains, 75.60.C -films, 75.70.K Magnetic fields -astronomical observations, 95.85.S -biological effects, 87.40 -electromagnetism, 41.20 -external galaxies, 98.62.E -generation of, 07.55.D -lunar, 96.20.J -magnetospheric, 94.30.M -measurement of, 07.55.G -Milky Way, 98.35.E -planetary, 96.35.P -solar, 96.60.H -solar wind, 96.50.B -stellar, 97.10.L -terrestrial, 91.25 Magnetic force microscopy, 07.79.P -structure determination, 61.16.C Magnetic heads, 85.70.K Magnetic hysteresis, 76.60.E Magnetic impurity interactions, 75.30.H Magnetic induction, 41.20.G Magnetic instruments, 07.55 Magnetic lenses, 41.85.L Magnetic levitation devices, 85.70.R -superconducting, 85.25.L Magnetic liquids, 75.50.M Magnetic materials, 75.50 Magnetic mirrors, 52.55.J Magnetic moments -atoms, 32.10.D -hadrons, 13.40.E -local, in compounds and alloys, 75.20.H -magnetometers for, 07.55.J -molecules, 33.15.K Magnetic monopoles, 14.80.H Magnetic multilayers, 75.70 Magnetic ordering, 75.10, 75.25 Magnetic permeability measurement, 07.55 Magnetic phase transitions, 75.30.K Magnetic phenomena in gases, 51.60 Magnetic properties -clusters, 36.40.C -condensed matter (see 75) -gases, 51.60 -materials treatment effects on, 81.40.R -rocks and minerals, 91.60.P -solid helium, 67.80.J -superconductors, 74.25.H Magnetic propulsion devices, 85.70.R Magnetic recording devices, 85.70.K, L Magnetic recording materials, 75.50.S Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 87.59.P Magnetic resonance spectra -atoms, 32.30.D -condensed matter (see 76) -molecules, 33.25 Magnetic resonance spectrometers, 07.57.P Magnetic semiconductors -conductivity, 72.20 -magnetic properties, 75.50.P Magnetic shielding, 41.20.G -in instruments, 07.55.N Magnetic storms, 94.30.L Magnetic susceptibility -biological tissues, 87.40 -magnetically ordered materials, 75.30.C -magnetometers for, 07.55.J -molecules, 33.15.K Magnetic tail (magnetosphere), 94.30.E Magnetic thin films -devices, 85.70.K -properties, 75.70 Magnetic traps, 52.55.L Magnetic variables measurement, 07.55 Magnetization -magnetic materials, 75.60.E -magnetometers for, 07.55.J -superconductors, 74.25.H Magnetoacoustic devices, 85.70.E Magnetoacoustic effects -bulk matter, 72.55 -thin films, 73.50.R Magnetoactive discharges, 52.80.S Magnetobiology, 87.40 Magnetocaloric effect, 75.30.S Magnetoelastic effects, 75.80 Magnetoelectric devices, 85.80.J Magnetoelectric effects, 75.80 Magnetoexcitons, 71.35.J Magnetohydrodynamic energy conversion, 52.75.F, 84.60.L Magnetohydrodynamic waves, 52.35.B Magnetohydrodynamics -in astrophysics, 95.30.Q -fluids, 47.65 -plasma flows, 52.30 -plasma simulation, 52.65.K Magnetomechanical effects, 75.80 Magnetometers, 07.55.G, J -superconducting, 85.25.D Magnetooptical devices, 85.70.S Magnetooptical effects, 78.20.L Magnetopause, 94.30.D Magnetoresistance -giant, 75.70.P -metals and alloys, 72.15.G -semiconductors, 72.20.M -thin films, 73.50.J Magnetorheological fluids, 83.80.G Magnetosheath, 94.30.V Magnetosphere -Earth -configuration, 94.30.C -interactions with ionosphere, 94.20.Y -ring currents, 94.30.J -planetary, 96.35.K Magnetostatic devices, 85.70.E Magnetostatics, 41.20.G Magnetostratigraphy, 91.25.P Magnetostriction, 75.80 Magnetostrictive devices, 85.70.E Magnetotelluric effects (geomagnetism), 91.25.Q Magnetothermal devices, 85.80.L Magnetrons, 84.40.F Magnets, 07.55.D -for beam optics, 41.85.L -permanent, 75.50.W -superconducting, 85.25.L Magnons, 75.30.D -photon-magnon interactions (polaritons), 71.36 -scattering by (electronic transport), 72.10.D Majorana-Weyl fields, 04.50 Majorons, 14.80.M Mammography, 87.59.E Manifolds, 02.40.S Manipulators, 06.60.S Mantle, 91.35.G -rheology of, 91.10.R Many-body theory -nuclear reactions, 24.10.C -relativistic scattering theory, 11.80.J Many-electron systems, theories of, 71.10 Marine geology, 91.50 Marine pollution, 92.20.N Markov processes, 02.50.G Mars, 96.30.G Martensitic transformations, 81.30.K Masers, 84.40.I -circumstellar, 97.10.F -interstellar, 98.38.E, 98.58.E Masking -lithography, 42.82.C, 85.40 -psychological acoustics, 43.66.D Mass -galactic, 98.60.F -measurement of, 06.30.D -nuclear, 21.10.D, G -planetary, 96.35.F -stellar, 97.10.N Mass differences, electromagnetic (elementary particles), 13.40.D Mass spectra, 32.10.B, 33.15.T Mass spectrometers, 07.75 Mass spectroscopy, chemical analysis, 82.80.K Material flows, 83.50 -fundamentals, 83.10.H -rock mechanics, 91.60.B -solids, 83.10.H Materials, new: theory, design, and fabrication, 81.05.Z Materials science (see 81) Materials synthesis, specific materials, 81.05 Materials testing and analysis, 81.70 Mathematical methods in physics (see 02) Matrix algebra, 02.10 Matrix theory, 02.10.S Matter waves, 03.75 Maxwell equations, 03.50.D, 41.20.B Maxwell model (rheology), 83.20 Mean free path, electron -bulk matter, 72.15.L -thin films, 73.50.G Measurement theory, 06.20.D Measurement units and standards, 06.20.F Measurements common to several branches of physics and astronomy, 06.30 Mechanical alloying, 81.20.E Mechanical contacts, 46.30.P Mechanical effects of light, 42.50.V Mechanical instruments, 07.10 Mechanical properties -biological tissues, 87.45.B -fluids, 47.17 -fundamentals, 83.10 -gases, 51.35 -liquids, 62.10 -material flows, 83.50 -materials treatment effects, 81.40 -shells, plates, and beams, 46.30 -solid-fluid interfaces, 68.45.N -solid surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.G -solids, 62.20 -superconductors, 74.25.L -thin films, 68.60.B Mechanical resonance, 62.40 Mechanical shock, 43.40, 46.30.M Mechanical testing, 81.70.B Mechanical variables measurement, 07.10 Mechanics -celestial, 95.10.C -classical (see 46) -continuous media, 03.40, 83.10.F -discrete systems, 03.20, 46.10 -quantum, 03.65 -quantum statistical, 05.30 -statistical, 05.20 -structural, 46.30 Mechanoceptions, 87.22.N Medical imaging -equipment, 87.62 -techniques, 87.59 Medical physics (see 87) Meissner effect, 74.25.H Melt-textured superconductors, 74.80.B Melting, 64.70.D Melts -crystal growth from, 81.10.F -film deposition from, 81.15.L -rheology of, 83.70.G Membrane processes -biological, 87.22.B -surface and interface chemistry, 82.65.F Memory devices -magnetic, 85.70 -optical, 42.79.V -superconducting, 85.25.H Mercury-based high-T[subon]c[suboff] superconductors, 74.72.H Mercury (planet), 96.30.D MESFET, 85.30.T Meson-meson interactions, 13.75.L Mesonic atoms and molecules, 36.10.G Mesons -hadronic decays, 13.25 -leptonic decays, 13.20 -production by photons and leptons, 13.60.L -properties, 14.40 -reactions and scattering induced by, 25.80 Mesophase rheology (liquid crystals), 83.70.J Mesoscopic systems, 73.23 Mesosphere, 94.10 Mesozoic period, 91.70.D Metabolism, 87.59.Q Metal-based composites, 81.05.N Metal-insulator-metal structures, 73.40.R Metal-insulator-semiconductor structures, 73.40.Q Metal-insulator transition, 71.30 Metal-metal contacts, 73.40.J Metal-nonmetal contacts, 73.40.N Metal-semiconductor-metal structures, 73.40.S Metal vapor lasers, 42.55.L Metallic glasses -electronic structure, 71.23.C -synthesis, 81.05.K Metallization, integrated circuits, 85.40.L Metallurgy (see 81) Metals -amorphous (transport properties), 72.15.C -band structure, 71.20.B, D, E, G -diamagnetism and paramagnetism, 75.20.E -impurity and defect absorption, 78.40.K -impurity and defect levels, 71.55.A -infrared spectra, 78.30.E -liquid -electrical and thermal conduction, 72.15.C -electronic structure, 71.22 -structure, 61.25.M -phase diagrams, 81.30.B -photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.B -processing, 81.05.B -radiation effects, 61.82.B -Raman spectra, 78.30.E -self-diffusion in, 66.30.F -structure -amorphous, 61.43.D -crystalline, 61.66.B -superconducting, 74.70.A -thin films -electrical conductivity, 73.61.A -optical properties, 78.66.B -transport processes, 72.15 -visible and ultraviolet spectra, 78.40.K Metamagnetism, 75.30.K Metastable phases, 64.60.M Meteorites, 96.50.M -effects of cosmic rays on, 96.40.V Meteorology, 92.60 Meteors, 96.50.K Metrology, 06.20 -laser applications, 42.62.E Microcavity and microdisk lasers, 42.55.S Microdosimetry, 87.53.R Microelectronics, 85.40 -superconducting, 85.25.N -vacuum, 85.45 Microgravity environments -for crystal growth, 81.10.M -materials testing in, 81.70.H Micromechanical devices, 07.10.C Microparticles -magnetic materials, 75.50.T -optical properties, 78.66.V Microphones, 43.58 Microrheology, 83.10, 83.20.D Microscopy -atomic force -in biophysics, 87.64.D -instrumentation, 07.79.L -structure determination, 61.16.C -electron -in biophysics, 87.64.D -dislocation observations, 61.72.F -instrumentation, 07.78 -structure determination, 61.16.B -field-ion -instrumentation, 07.78 -field-ion and field emission -structure determination, 61.16.C -friction force, 07.79.S -magnetic force -instrumentation, 07.79.P -structure determination, 61.16.C -optical -in biophysics, 87.64 -conventional, 07.60.P -near-field scanning, 07.79.F -scanning tunneling -in biophysics, 87.64.D -instrumentation, 07.79.C -structure determination, 61.16.C Microstructure -crystals, 61.72 -liquid crystals, 61.30.C -materials treatment effects, 81.40 -solidification, 81.30 Microwave circuits, 84.40.D -integrated, 84.40.L Microwave optical double resonance spectroscopy, 33.40 Microwave radiation -biological effects, 87.50.J -interactions with condensed matter, 78.70.G -in plasma, 52.25.S -plasma heating by, 52.50.G -receivers and detectors, 07.57.K -sources, 07.57.H -therapy, 87.54 -wave propagation, 41.20.J, 84.40 Microwave spectra -astronomical observations, 95.85.B -atoms, 32.30.B -molecules, 33.20.B Microwave spectrometers, 07.57.P Microwave spectroscopy (chemical analysis), 82.80.C Microwave technology, 84.40 Microwave tubes, 84.40.F Mie scattering, 42.25.F, 42.68.M Milky Way, 98.35 Millimeter wave technology, 84.40 Milling, 81.20.W Mineralogy -geophysical aspects, 91.65 -Moon, 96.20.D Minerals -occurences and deposits, 91.65.R -physical properties, 91.60 Minisuperspace models, 04.60.K Minor planets, 96.30.Y Mirrors -magnetic (plasma), 52.55.J -optical, 42.79.B -design, 42.15.E Mixed conductivity, 72.60 Mixed state (superconductivity), 74.60.E Mixed-valence solids, 71.28, 75.20.H, 75.30.M Mixers, electronic, 84.30.Q Mixtures, 64.75 MOCVD, 81.15.G Mode locking, 42.60.F Moderators (nuclear reactors), 28.41.P Modulation doped field effect transistors (MODFET) Modulation transfer functions -atmospheric optics, 42.68 -eye, 42.66 -imaging and optical processing, 42.30.L Modulators -electronic, 84.30.Q -lasers, 42.60.F -optical, 42.79.H Moire patterns, 42.30.M Moisture -atmosphere, 92.60.J -measurement of, 07.07.V -soil, 92.40.L Molding, 81.20.H Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), 81.15.H Molecular beams -chemical reactions, 34.50.L, 82.40.D -interactions with solids, 79.20.R -sources and detectors, 07.77.G -structural irradiation effects, 61.80.L Molecular biophysics, 87.15 Molecular clouds -in external galaxies, 98.58.D, E -in the Milky Way, 98.38.D, E Molecular clusters, 36.40 Molecular collisions (see 34) Molecular conformation, 33.15.B -biomolecules, 87.15.B -macromolecules and polymers, 36.20.E Molecular dynamics -biomolecules, 87.15.H -correlation times, 33.15.V -macromolecules and polymers, 36.20.E Molecular dynamics calculations -atomic and molecular physics, 31.15.Q -condensed matter, 71.15.D -disordered solids, 61.43.B -liquid structure, 61.20.J -mathematical methods, 02.70.N Molecular electronic devices, 85.65 Molecular flows, 47.45.D Molecular interactions -biomolecules, 87.15.K -fundamentals of astrophysics, 95.30.F Molecular liquids, structure of, 61.25.E Molecular moments, 33.15.K Molecular-orbital methods, 71.15.F Molecular orbitals, 31.15.N Molecular physics (see 30) Molecular solids, 31.70.K Molecular spectra, 33.20 -astrophysics, 95.30.K Molecular states, surface-enchanced, 82.65.P Molecular structure, 33.15 Molecular weights (macromolecules and polymers), 36.20.C Molecule-molecule reactions, 82.30.E Molecules, cooling and trapping of, 33.80.P Molten salts, structure of, 61.20.Q Monochromators -charged-particle, 41.85.S -optical, 42.79.Y Monographs, 01.30.E Monolayers, 68.18 Monolytic integrated circuits, 85.40 Monopoles, magnetic, 14.80.H Monte Carlo method, 02.50.N, 02.70.L -disordered solids, 61.43.B -liquid structure, 61.20.J -nuclear-reaction models, 24.10.L -nuclear structure, 21.60.K -plasma simulation, 52.65 Moon, 96.20 MOS devices, 85.30.T MOSFET, 85.30.T Moessbauer spectroscopy -in biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.P -in chemical analysis, 82.80.E -molecules, 33.45 -solids, 76.80 -structural analysis, 61.18.F Motion sensors, 07.07.D Motors, 84.50 MRI, 87.59.P Muffin-tin potential, 71.15.F Multilayers -electron states, 73.20.D -magnetic ordering, 75.70.C -optical properties, 78.66 -structure and nonelectronic properties, 68.65 -superconductivity, 74.80.D Multiphase flows -fluid dynamics, 47.55.K -rheology, 83.10.L Multiphoton ionization and excitation -atomic spectra, 32.80.R -molecular spectra, 33.80.R -quantum optics, 42.50.H Multiple resonances (molecular spectroscopy), 33.40 Multiple scattering (relativistic theory), 11.80.L Multiplexers, 42.79.S Multivariate analysis, 02.50.S Muon-hadron scattering, 13.60 Muon-induced nuclear reactions, 25.30.M Muon-lepton scattering, 13.10 Muon spin rotation and relaxation, 76.75 Muonic atoms and molecules, 36.10.D Muonium, 36.10.D -chemical reactions, 82.55 Muons -astronomical observations, 95.85.R -capture by nuclei, 23.40 -cosmic rays, 96.40.T -decays, 13.35.B -properties, 14.60.E -scattering, 25.30.M Muscular contraction, 87.22.J Music and musical instruments, 43.75 N (N,d) reactions, 25.40.H (n,p) reactions, 25.40.K (N,t), (N,[supon]3[supoff]He), and (N,alpha) reactions, 25.40.H Nambu-Goldstone bosons, 14.80.M Nanocrystalline materials -electrical conductivity, 73.61.T -magnetic, 75.50.K -optical properties, 78.66.J -radiation effects, 61.82.R -structure, 61.46 Nanodiffraction, 61.14.L Nanoparticles -electronic structure, 71.24 -phonons, 63.22 -structure, 61.46 Nanophase materials, synthesis of, 81.05.Y Nanosecond techniques, 06.60.J Nanostructures (See also Low-dimensional quantum structures) -electron states, 73.20.D -photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.J Nanotechnology -instruments, 07.79 -integrated circuits, 85.40.U -for micromechanical devices, 07.10 Narrow-band semiconductors (electron states), 71.28 National laboratory facilities, 01.52 Near-field scanning optical microscopy -instruments, 07.79.C -surface structure, 61.16.C Nebulae -external galaxies, 98.58 -Milky Way, 98.38 -solar, 96.10 Neel temperature, 75.30.K, 75.40 Negative resistance, 72.20.H, 73.50.F Nematic liquid crystals, 61.30, 64.70.M Neotectonics, 91.45.E Neptune, 96.30.R Nerve conduction, 87.22.J Neural networks, 84.35 -computers, 07.05.M -optical, 42.79.T Neuromagnetism, 87.40 Neurophysiology, 87.22.J Neutral currents, 12.15.M Neutrinos -astronomical observations, 95.85.R -cosmic rays -galactic, 98.70.S -Solar System, 96.40.T -decays, 13.35.H -interactions, 13.15 -mass and mixing, 14.60.P -non-standard-model, 14.60.S -nuclear scattering, 25.30.P -ordinary, 14.60.L -solar, 26.65, 96.60.J Neutron diffraction, 61.12 -biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.B Neutron dosimetry, 87.53.P, Q Neutron-hyperon interactions, 13.75.E Neutron-induced fission, 25.85.E Neutron interferometry, 03.75.D Neutron-kaon interactions, 13.75.J Neutron-meson interactions, 13.75, 13.85 Neutron-neutron interactions, 13.75.C, 13.85 Neutron optics, 03.75.B Neutron physics, 28.20 Neutron-pion interactions, 13.75.G, 13.85 Neutron-proton interactions, 13.75.C, 13.85 Neutron reflectometry, 61.12.H Neutron scattering -elastic, 25.40.D -inelastic -condensed matter, 78.70.N -nuclear reactions, 25.40.F -radiative capture, 25.40.L -spin arrangements determination, 75.25 -structural analysis, 61.12 Neutron spectroscopy, 29.30.H Neutron stars, 97.60.J -nuclear matter aspects of, 26.60 Neutrons -absorption, 28.20.F -diffusion, 28.20.G -distribution in nuclei, 21.10.G -moderation, 28.20.G -properties, 14.20.D -radiation damage by, 61.80.H -sources of, 29.25.D NEXAFS, 61.10.H Nightglow, 94.10.R Niobates -dielectric materials, 77.84.B -superconductors, 74.70.A Nitrides -dielectric materials, 77.84.B -refractories, 81.05.J -superconductors, 74.70.A NMR imaging, 76.60.P Noise -acoustic, 43.50 -electrical circuits, 07.50.H -electronic -bulk matter, 72.70 -thin films, 73.50.T -integrated circuits, 85.40.Q -lasers, 42.60.M -quantum, 42.50.L -superconductivity fluctuations, 74.40 -turbulence-generated, 47.27.S Non-Fermi-liquid ground states, 71.10.H Nondestructive testing -materials, 81.70 Nonequilibrium processes -chemical reaction kinetics, 82.20.M -chemical reactors, 82.40.B -fluid flows, 47.70 -superconductivity, 74.40 -thermodynamics, 05.70.L Nonhomogeneous flows, 47.55 Nonlinear acoustics, 43.25 Nonlinear differential equations, 02.30 Nonlinear dynamical systems, 05.45 Nonlinear fluids, 47.20.K, 83.10.J Nonlinear guided waves, 42.65.T Nonlinear (nonlocal) field theory, 11.10.L Nonlinear optics, 42.65 -materials for, 42.70.M, N Nonlinear symmetries, 11.30.N Nonlinear waveguides, 42.65.W Nonneutral plasmas, 52.25.W Non-Newtonian fluid flows, 47.50, 83.50 Nonradiative transitions, 32.50.H, 33.50, 78.55 North America, 93.30.H Notes (biographical, historical, and personal), 01.60 Novae, 97.30.Q, 97.80.G -nucleosynthesis in, 26.30 Nozzle flow, 47.60 Nuclear astrophysics (See 26) Nuclear binding energy, 21.10.D Nuclear charge, 21.10.F Nuclear chemistry, 82.55 Nuclear collective resonances, 24.30.C, G Nuclear coulomb effects, 21.10.S Nuclear data analysis, 29.85 Nuclear decay (see 23) Nuclear deformation, 21.10.G Nuclear emulsions, 29.40.R Nuclear energy levels, 21.10 Nuclear engineering (see 28) Nuclear explosions, 28.70 Nuclear fission, 24.75 -reactions, 25.85 -reactors -theory, design, and technology, 28.41 -types of, 28.50 Nuclear forces, 21.30 Nuclear form factors, 13.40, 21.10.F, G Nuclear g-factors, 21.10.K Nuclear giant resonances, 24.30.C Nuclear hole states, 21.10.P Nuclear instrumentation (see 29) Nuclear magnetic resonance -biophysics, 87.64.H -condensed matter, 76.60 -defect structure determinations, 61.72.H -medical imaging, 87.59.P -molecules, 33.25 -solid helium, 67.80.J -structural analysis, 61.18.F -superconductors, 74.25.N Nuclear mass, 21.10.D Nuclear materials safety, 28.41.T Nuclear matter, 21.65 Nuclear medicine, 87.59 Nuclear models, 21.60 Nuclear moments, 21.10.K Nuclear orientation devices, 29.30.L Nuclear Overhauser effect, 33.35 Nuclear parity, 21.10.H Nuclear physics (see 20) Nuclear power (see 28) Nuclear processes (astrophysics), 95.30.C Nuclear properties, 21.10 -specific nuclei (see 27) Nuclear quadrupole resonance -condensed matter, 76.60.G -molecules, 33.25 Nuclear reactions (see 24, 25) Nuclear reactors -fission type, 28.41, 28.50 -fusion type, 28.52, 52.55 -safety, 28.41.T, 28.52.N Nuclear shell model, 21.60.C Nuclear tests of fundamental interactions and symmetries, 24.80 Nucleation -chemical thermodynamics, 82.60.N -crystal growth, 81.10.A -phase transitions, 64.60.Q -thin films, 68.55.J Nuclei (see 20) Nucleon decays, 13.30, 14.20.D Nucleon-hyperon interactions, 13.75.E Nucleon-induced reactions, 25.40 Nucleon-kaon interactions, 13, 75.J Nucleon-meson interactions, 13.75.G, 13.85, J Nucleon-nucleon interactions, 13.75.C, 13.85 Nucleon-pion interactions, 13.75.G, 13.85 Nucleons, 14.20.D Nucleosynthesis -Big Bang, 26.36 -cosmic rays, 26.40 -cosmological, 98.80.F -stellar, 97.10.C -hydrostatic, 26.20 -novae, supernovae and other explosive environments, 26.30 Nucleus, compound -heavy-ion reactions, 25.70.G -nuclear reactions, 24.60.D Number theory, 02.10.L, N Numerical methods, 02.60 O Observatories, 95.45 Occultations, 95.10.G Ocean biology, 92.20.J Ocean bottom processes, 91.50.E Ocean chemistry, 92.20.C Ocean/Earth/atmosphere interaction, 91.10.V Oceanic crust seismology, 91.30.Y Oceanographic regions, 93.30 Oceanography, 92.10 Oceans -fine structure and microstructure, 92.10.N -global changes, 92.70.J -thermohaline structure and circulation, 92.10.M ODMR, 76.70.H Ohmic contacts, 73.40.C Ohmmeters, 07.50.Y Oils, rheology of, 83.70 Omega mesons, 14.40.E One-dimensional conductivity, 72.15.N One-meson exchange models, 12.40.V Opalescence, 78.20 Operational calculus, 02.30.Q Operator theory, 02.30.T Ophthalmic optics, 42.66.C Optic nerve, 42.66.E Optical absorption -in atmosphere, 42.68.A, 94.10.G -in condensed matter, 78.20.C -in plasma, 52.25.Q, R -wave propagation, 42.25.B Optical activity -condensed matter, 78.20.E -molecules, 33.55.A Optical beam splitters, 42.79.F Optical bistability, 42.65.P Optical coatings, 42.79.W Optical collimators, 42.79.A Optical communication systems, 42.79.S Optical computers, 42.79.T Optical constants, 78.20.C Optical cooling and trapping -atoms, 32.80.P -molecules, 33.80.P Optical correlation, 42.30 Optical correlators, 42.79.H Optical couplers -fiber-optical, 42.81.Q -integrated-optical, 42.82.E -non-fiber-optical, 42.79.G Optical design, 42.15.E Optical devices, 42.79 Optical disks, 42.79.V Optical elements, 42.79 Optical fibers, 42.81 Optical filters, 42.79.C Optical frequency converters, 42.79.N Optical instabilities (quantum optics), 42.65.S Optical instruments, 07.60 Optical materials, 42.70 Optical methods in rheology, 83.85.E Optical mixing, 42.65.H, K Optical models (nuclear reactions), 24.10.H Optical modulators, 42.79.H Optical nutation, 42.50.M Optical processors, 42.79.H Optical properties -bulk materials and thin films, 78.20 -clusters, 36.40.V -gases, 51.70 -materials treatment effects on, 81.40.T -plasma, 52.70.K -rocks and minerals, 91.60.M -specific thin films, surfaces and low-dimensional structures, 78.66 Optical pumping -atoms, 32.80.B -molecules, 33.80.B Optical radars, 42.79.Q Optical scanners, 42.79.L Optical sensors, 07.07.D, 42.79.P Optical storage -devices, 42.79.V -media, 42.70.L Optical switches, 42.65.P, 42.79.T Optical systems, 42.79 -design, 42.15.E Optical testing, 42.87 Optical tomography, 42.30.W Optical transfer function, 42.30.L Optical waveguides -fiber, 42.81.Q -integrated-optical, 42.82.E -non-fiber, 42.79.G -nonlinear, 42.65.W Optical workshop techniques, 42.86 Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR), 76.70.H Optics (see 42) Optoelectronic devices, 85.60 Optogalvanic spectroscopic methods, 82.80.K Orbits (astronomy) -determination of, 95.10.E -planetary, 96.35.F Order-disorder transitions, 64.60.C, 64.70.K, 81.30.H -crystallographic aspect, 61.50.K -materials science aspects, 81.30.H -surfaces, 68.35.R Ordinary differential equations, 02.30.H Organic compounds -absorption and reflection spectra, 78.40.M -dielectric properties, 77.84.J -electronic structure, 71.20.R -EPR spectra, 76.30 -fabrication, 81.05.L -infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.J -optical materials, 42.70.J -photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.F -photoluminescence, 78.55.K -radiation effects, 61.82.P -structure, 61.66.H -superconductivity, 74.70.K -thin films -conductivity, 73.61.P -optical properties, 78.66.Q Organic semiconductors, 72.80.L Oscillating flow, 47.35 Oscillations -laser, 42.60.R -plasma, 52.35 -seismological, 91.30.K -solar, 96.60.L -stellar, 97.10.S Oscillator strengths -atomic spectra, 32.70.C -molecular spectra, 33.70.C Oscillators -electronic, 84.30.N -optical parametric, 42.65.Y Oscilloscopes, 07.07.H Osmosis -films and membranes, 82.65.F -liquid transport, 66.10.C Osteodensitometry, 87.59.L Oxidation (materials), 81.65.M Oxidative phosphorylation, 87.22.F Oxides -dielectric properties, 77.84.B -refractories, 81.05.J Ozone layer -atmospheric chemistry, 82.40.W Ozone layers -global change, 92.70.C P p-n junctions, 73.40 (p,n) reactions, 25.40.K (p,pi) reactions, 25.40.Q Pacific Ocean, 93.30.P Pair production, 23.20.R Pairing interactions (electronic structure), 71.10.L Paleomagnetism, 91.25.N Paleozoic period, 91.70.F Parallaxes (stellar), 97.10.V Paramagnetic resonance, 76.30 Paramagnetism, 75.20 Parametric oscillators and amplifiers, optical, 42.65.Y Parity -nuclear properties, 21.10.H -symmetry (fields and particles), 11.30.E Partial differential equations, 02.30.J Partially conserved currents, 11.40.H Particle beams (see Charged-particle beams) Particle correlations, relativistic collisions, 25.75.G Particle-in-cell method (plasma simulation), 52.65.R Particle orbits -plasma, 52.20.D -plasma simulation, 52.65.C Particle production, relativistic collisions, 25.75.D Particle-theory models (Early Universe), 98.80.C Passivation, 81.65 Pastes, 83.70.H Path-integral methods (atomic physics), 31.15.K Pattern formation (chemical kinetics), 82.40.C Pattern recognition -optics, 42.30.S Pattern selection (fluid dynamics), 47.54 Pattern transfer techniques -integrated electronics, 85.40.H -integrated optics, 42.82.C Peierls instability -electronic conduction, 72.15.N -metal-insulator transitions, 71.30 Pendulum, 07.10.Y Penetration depth (superconductivity), 74.25.H Penning discharges, 52.80.S Perception -speech, 43.71 -visual, 42.66.S Percolation (phase transitions), 64.60.A Periodic flows, 83.50.B Permanent magnets, 75.50.W Permittivity, 77.22.C Perovskites (superconductivity), 74.72, 74.76.B Persistent current (mesoscopic systems), 73.23.P Personal notes, 01.60 Perturbation theory -atomic physics, 31.15.M -electronic structure of solids, 71.15 -gauge field theories, 11.15.B -quantum chromodynamics, 12.38.B, C PET, 87.59.V Petrology -geophysical aspects, 91.65 -Moon, 96.20.D PH measurement, 82.80.Y Phase, of electromagnetic field, 42.50.D Phase coherence, atomic ensemble -matter waves optics, 03.75.D -quantum optics, 42.50.G Phase conjugation, 42.65.H Phase diagrams (see also Phase transitions) -electrons, 71.10.H -metals and alloys, 81.30.B -nonmetallic systems, 81.30.D -superconductors, 74.25.D Phase equilibria (see 64) Phase identification (thin films), 68.55.N Phase retrieval (optics), 42.30.R Phase separation, 64.75 -heterogeneous liquids, 83.70.H Phase transitions, 05.70.F, 64.60, 64.70 -chemical thermodynamics, 82.60.F -clusters, 36.40.E -crystallographic aspects, 61.50.K -displacive, 63.70 -excitonic, 71.35.L -ferroelectric, 77.80.B -magnetic, 75.30.K -rocks and minerals, 91.60.H -solid-solid, 81.30 -at surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.R Phonon-exciton interactions, 63.20.L Phonon-magnon interactions, 63.20.L Phonon-phonon interactions, 63.20.K Phonons -crystal lattices, 63.20 -low-dimensional structures, 63.22 -photon-phonon interactions (polaritons), 71.36 -scattering by, 72.10.D Phosphorescence -atoms, 32.50 -condensed matter, 78.55 -molecules, 33.50.D Phosphorescence microwave double resonance, 33.40 Phosphorylation, 87.22.F Photoacoustic spectroscopy, 82.80.K -chemical analysis, 82.80.K -materials testing, 81.70.C Photocathodes, 85.60.H Photochemistry, 82.50 -biomolecules, 87.15.M, R -oceanography, 92.20.K Photochromism, 78.20.W Photoconductivity -bulk matter, 72.40 -thin films, 73.50.P Photodetachment -atomic negative ions, 32.80.G -molecules, 33.80.E Photodetectors -in astronomy, 95.55.A -optoelectronics, 85.60.G Photodiodes, 85.60.D Photodissociation -biomolecules, 87.15.M -molecules, 33.80.G -photochemical reactions, 82.50.F Photoelasticity, 78.20.H Photoelectrets, 77.22.E Photoelectric energy conversion, 84.60.J Photoelectron microscopy, 61.16.M Photoelectron spectroscopy -biophysics, 87.64.L -chemical analysis, 82.80.P -condensed matter, 79.60 -molecules, 33.60 Photoemission, 79.60 Photofission, 25.85.J Photogrammetry, 91.10.L Photography, 07.68 -astronomical applications, 95.75.D Photoionization -atoms, 32.80.F -inner-shell ionization, 32.80.H -multiphoton ionization, 32.80.R -biomolecules, 87.15.M -molecules, 33.80.E -multiphoton ionization, 33.80.R -photochemical reactions, 82.50.F Photolithography, 85.40.H Photoluminescence, 78.55 Photolysis, 82.50.F Photometers, 07.60.D -in astronomy, 95.55.Q, 95.75.D Photomultipliers, 85.60.H -nuclear physics, 29.40 Photon-atom interactions, 32.80 -coherent control of, 32.80.Q Photon counting and statistics, 42.50.A Photon echo, 42.50.M Photon-hadron scattering, 13.60 Photon-molecule interactions, 33.80 Photon statistics, 42.50.A Photon-stimulated desorption, 79.20.L Photonic band gap materials, 42.70.Q Photonic bandgap materials, 42.70.Q Photonic switching, 42.65.P, 42.79.S, T Photons -inclusive production, 13.85.Q -interactions with hadrons, 13.60 -nonclassical states, 42.50.D -photon-magnon interactions, 71.36 -properties, 14.70.B -solar, 96.40.F Photonuclear reactions, 25.20 Photoproduction -baryons, 13.60.R -mesons, 13.60.L -nuclear, 25.20.L Photoreflectance, 78.20.W Photorefractive effect -nonlinear optics, 42.65.H -optical materials, 42.70.N Photoresistors, 84.32.F, 85.60.D Photoresists, 85.40.H Photosphere -solar, 96.60.M -stellar, 97.10.E Photosynthesis, 87.22.F -oceanography, 92.20.L Photothermal effect, 78.20.N Phototransistors, 85.60.D Phototubes, 85.60.H Photovoltaic conversion, 84.60.J Photovoltaic effect -bulk matter, 72.40 -thin films, 73.50.P Physical chemistry (see 82) Physics literature and publications, 01.30 Physiological acoustics, 43.64 Physiological optics, 42.66 Pick-up reactions, 24.50 (see also 25.40.H, 25.45.H, 25.55.H, 25.60.J, 25.70.H) Picosecond techniques, 06.60.J, 42.65.R, 78.47 Piezoelectric devices, 85.50 Piezoelectric fields, strain-induced, 77.65.L Piezoelectric materials, 77.84 Piezoelectricity, 77.65 Piezooptical effects, 78.20.H Piezoreflectance, 78.20.H Piezoresistance -semiconductors and insulators, 72.20.F -thin films, 73.50.D Pinch effect and pinch devices, 52.55.E Pinning (superconductivity), 74.60.G Pion absorption and capture, 25.80.G, L Pion decays, 13.20.C, 13.25.C Pions -astronomical observations, 95.85.R -detectors (astronomy), 95.55.V -pion-baryon reactions, 13.75.G -pion-induced nuclear reactions, 25.80 Pipe flow, 47.60 Pitch, 43.66.H Plane-wave method, 71.15.A Planetary nebulae, 98.38.L, 98.58.L Planetary rings, 96.30.W Planets -extrasolar, 97.82 -formation, 96.35.C -interaction with solar wind, 96.50.E -probes, 95.55.P -properties, 96.35 -Solar System, 96.30 Plankton, 92.20.R Plasma -astrophysical, 95.30.Q -diagnostics, 52.70 -elementary processes, 52.20 -ionosphere, 94.20.W -macroinstabilities, 52.35.P -magnetohydrodynamics, 52.30 -magnetosphere, 94.30.F, G -microinstabilities, 52.35.Q -neutrals in, 52.25.Y -production and heating, 52.50 -properties, 52.25 -quark-gluon, 12.38.M -relativistic, 52.60 -sheaths, 52.40.H -solid-state -bulk matter, 72.30 -thin films, 73.50.M Plasma antennas, 52.40.F Plasma applications -film deposition, 52.75.R, 81.15.G -materials processing, 52.75.R, 81.65 Plasma-assisted CVD, 52.75.R, 81.15.G Plasma confinement -magnetic, 52.55 -nonmagnetic, 52.58 -electrostatic, 52.28.Q -high-frequency, 52.58.Q -inertial, 52.58.E, H, N Plasma density, 52.25 Plasma devices, 52.75 Plasma diodes, 52.75.F Plasma etching, 52.75.R Plasma-filled waveguides, 52.40.F Plasma flow, 52.30 Plasma focus devices, 52.55.E Plasma heating, 52.50 Plasma impurities, 52.25.V Plasma instability, 52.35.P Plasma reactions, 82.40.R Plasma shock waves, 52.35.T Plasma simulation, 52.65 Plasma sources, 52.50.D Plasma spraying, 81.15.R Plasma switches, 52.75.K Plasma torches, 52.75.H Plasma turbulence, 52.35.R Plasma-wall interactions, 52.40.H Plasma waves, 52.35 Plasmapause, 94.20.P Plasmasphere, 94.20.M Plasmons -bulk matter, 71.45.G -clusters, 36.40.G -surfaces and interfaces, 73.20.M Plasticity -materials treatment effects on, 81.40.L -mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.F -rheology, 83.50 Plastics, 83.80 -preparation, 81.05.L -structure, 61.41 Plate tectonics, 91.45.D Plates, structural mechanics of, 46.30 Pleochromism, 78.20.F Pluto, 96.30.S Pluton emplacement, 91.45.Y Plutonium generation, 28.50.F Pneumodynamics, 87.45.H Pockels effect, 78.20.J Poincare invariance, 11.30.C Point contact devices, 85.30.H Point contacts, superconducting, 74.80.F Point defects, 61.72.J Poiseuille flow, 83.50 Poisson equation, 41.20.C Poisson ratio -mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.D -treatment of materials, 81.40.J Polar cap ionosphere, 94.20.K Polar regions, 93.30.S Polar wobble, 91.10.N Polarimeters, 07.60.F -in astronomy, 95.55.Q, 95.75.H Polaritons, 71.36 Polarizability -atoms, 32.10.D -molecules, 33.15.K Polarization -atmospheric optics, 42.68.M -dielectric, 77.22.E -DNMR, 76.70.F -in nuclear reactions, 24.70 -optical fibers, 42.81.G -particle interactions, 13.88 -starlight, 97.10.L -wave optics, 42.25.J Polarized beams (accelerators), 29.27.H Polarized ion sources, 29.25.L Polarized targets, 29.25.P Polarizers, optical, 42.79.C Polaron theory of superconductivity, 74.20.M Polarons, 71.38 Polishing, 42.86, 81.65, 81.65.P Pollution -atmospheric, 92.60.S -effects on instruments, 07.89 -instruments for measurement of, 07.88 -marine, 92.20.N -radioactive (medical physics), 87.50.N, P Polyatomic molecules, electron correlation in, 31.25.Q Polymer films, 61.41, 61.P, 73, 78.66.Q Polymer melts, 61.25.H Polymer molecules, 36.20 Polymer reactions, 82.35 Polymer solutions, 61.25.H Polymerization, 82.35 Polymers -absorption and reflection spectra, 78.40.M -chemical reactions, 82.35 -dielectric properties, 77.84.J -electrical conductivity, 72.80.L -electronic structure -condensed matter, 71.20.R -molecules, 36.20.K -infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.J -melts and solutions, 61.25.H -optical materials, 42.70.J -photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.F -preparation, 81.05.L -radiation effects, 61.82.P -reinforced, 81.05.Q -rheology, 83.10.N, 83.80 -structure -condensed phase, 61.41 -molecular, 36.20 -thin films -electrical properties, 73.61.P -optical properties, 78.66.Q Polymorphic transformations -crystallographic aspects, 61.50.K -materials science aspects, 81.30.H Polynomials, 02.10.N Pomeranchuk poles, 11.55.J, 12.40.H Population inversion, 32.80.B, 33.80.B, 42.50 Porous materials -flow through, 47.55.M -heat transfer in, 44.30 -photoluminescence, 78.55.M -preparation, 81.05.R -structure, 61.43.G Position-sensitive detectors, 29.40.G Positron annihilation, 78.70.B Positron-atom interactions, 34.80 Positron emission, 79.20.M Positron emission tomography (PET), 87.59.V Positron microscopes, 07.78 Positron-molecule interactions, 34.80 Positron scattering, 25.30.H Positronium, 36.10.D -chemical reactions, 82.55 Positrons -properties, 14.60.C -radiation damage by, 61.80.F -states, 71.60 Post-Newtonian approximation (general relativity), 04.25.N Potential energy surfaces -chemical kinetics, 82.20.K -molecular collisions, 34.20.M Potential flows, 47.15.H Potential models, 12.39.P Potential theory (mathematics), 02.30.E Potentials -atom-molecule, 34.20.G -interatomic, 34.20.C -intermolecular, 34.20.G Potentiometers, 07.50.Y Potts model, 75.10.H Powder diffraction -neutron, 61.12.L -x-ray, 61.10.N Powder metallurgy, 81.20.E Powder spraying, 81.15.R Powders -materials preparation, 81.20.E -spray coating, 81.15.R -structure, 61.43.G -superconducting, 74.80.B Power electronics, 84.30.J Power lines, biological effects of, 87.50.J Power reactors, 28.50.H Power supply circuits, 84.30.J Power transmission lines, 84.70 Precambrian period, 91.70.H Precipitation -hydrology, 92.40.E -materials synthesis, 81.20.F -meteorology, 92.60.J -particle (ionospheric), 94.20.Q -phase transformations, 81.30.M -in solidification, 81.30.M Precipitation hardening, 81.40.C Predissociation, 33.80.G Pressure effects -crystal structure, 61.50.K -mechanical properties of solids, 62.50 -rocks and minerals, 91.60.G -superconductors, 74.62.F Pressure sensors, 07.07.D Pressure treatment, 81.40.V Prisms, 42.79.B Probability theory, 02.50.C Probes, lunar and planetary, 95.55.P Projection systems, 42.79 Projective geometries, 02.40.D Prominences, solar, 96.60.S Propellants, 83.70 Proportional counters, 29.40.C Propulsion -magnetic devices, 85.70.R -plasma, 52.75.D -reactors, 28.50.K Proteins, 36.20, 87.15 Protogalaxies, 98.65.D Proton absorption, 25.40.L Proton dosimetry, 87.53.P, Q Proton-hyperon interactions, 13.75.E, 13.85 Proton-kaon interactions, 13.75.J, 13.85 Proton-meson interactions, 13.75.G, 13.85, J Proton-neutron interactions, 13.75.C, 13.85 Proton-nucleus reactions, 25.40 Proton-pion interactions, 13.75.G, 13.85 Proton-proton interactions, 13.75.C, 13.85 Proton radiative capture, 25.40.L Proton scattering (nuclear reactions) -elastic, 25.40.C -inelastic, 25.40.E Protons, properties of, 14.20.D Protostars, 97.21 Proximity effects, 74.50 Pseudopotential method, 71.15.H Psychological acoustics, 43.66 Publications, 01.30 Pulsars, 97.60.G Pulsatile flows, 83.50.B Pulse circuits, 84.30.S Pulse compression (optical), 42.65.R Pulse generators, 84.30.N Pumps, vacuum, 07.30.C Purification, materials, 81.20.Y Pyroelectric devices, 85.50 Pyroelectric effects, 77.70 Pyrolysis, 82.30.L Pyrometry, 07.20.K PZT ceramics, 77.84.D Q Q-switching, 42.60.G Quadrupole magnets, 41.85.L Quadrupole moments, 21.10.K, 33.15.K Quadrupole resonance, 76.60.G Quantization -canonical, 04.60.D -covariant and sum-over-history, 04.60 Quantized fields, 03.70 Quantized spin models, 75.10.J Quantum acoustics, 43.35 Quantum beats, 42.50.M Quantum biology, 87.10 Quantum chromodynamics, 12.38 -in nuclei, 24.85 Quantum cosmology, 98.80.H Quantum crystals, 67.80 Quantum dots -devices, 85.30.V -electrical conductivity, 73.61 -electron states, 73.20.D Quantum electrodynamics, 12.20 Quantum ensemble theory, 05.30.C Quantum field theory, 03.70, 11.10 Quantum fluctuations, 42.50.L Quantum fluids (see 67) Quantum gravity, 04.60 Quantum Hall effect, 73.40.H Quantum interference devices -semiconductor, 85.30.S -superconducting, 85.25.D Quantum jumps, 42.50.L Quantum localization -metals and alloys, 72.15.R -surfaces and interfaces, 73.20.F Quantum mechanics, 03.65 Quantum noise, 42.50.L Quantum optics, 42.50 Quantum statistical mechanics, 05.30 Quantum tunneling of defects, 66.35 Quantum wells -devices, 85.30.V -electrical conductivity, 73.61 -electronic structure, 73.20.D -magnetic, 75.70.C -optical properties, 78.66 -structure and nonelectronic properties, 68.65 Quantum wires -devices, 85.30.V -electrical conductivity, 73.61 -electron states, 73.20.D Quark confinement, 12.38.A Quark-gluon plasma, 12.38.M Quark models, 12.39 Quarkonia -decays -hadronic, 13.25.G -leptonic and semileptonic, 13.20.G -properties -mass 2.5 GeV, 14.40.G Quarks, 14.65 -in nuclei, 24.85 -masses and mixing, 12.15.F Quartz, optical material, 42.70.C Quartz resonator, 77.65.F Quasars, 98.54.A Quasicrystals -electronic structure, 71.23.F -magnetic materials, 75.50.K -structure, 61.44.B Quasiparticle methods (atomic physics), 31.15.L Quenching (fluorescence) -atoms, 32.50 -condensed matter, 78.55 -molecules, 33.50.H Quenching (thermal), 81.40.G Queuing theory, 02.50.H R Radar, 84.40.X Radiation belts, 94.30.H Radiation chemistry, 82.50 Radiation detectors, 07.57.K, 29.40, 85.25.P Radiation effects -biological, 87.50 -on instruments, 07.89 -on optical elements, devices and systems, 42.88 -in solids, 61.80 Radiation fields, 04.40.N Radiation hardening, 81.40.X Radiation-induced luminescence, 78.60.Y Radiation pressure, 32.80.P, 33.80.P Radiation protection, 87.50.N, P Radiation therapy -equipment, 87.56 -ionizing radiations, 87.53 -non-ionizing radiations, 87.54 Radiation treatment, 81.40.W Radiative capture of nucleons, 25.40.L Radiative corrections -atoms and molecules, 31.30.J -electromagnetic, 13.40.K -electroweak, 12.15.L Radiative flows, 47.70 Radiative recombination, 78.60 Radiative transfer -astrophysics, 95.30.J -in atmosphere, 42.68.A -heat transfer, 44.40 -stellar, 97.10.E Radio-frequency spectra -atoms, 32.30.B -molecules, 33.20.B Radio galaxies, 98.54.G Radio telescopes, 95.55.J Radioactive dating, 93.85 Radioactive pollution, 89.60 Radioactive sources, 29.25.R Radioactive wastes, 28.41.K Radioactivity (see 23) -oceanic, 92.20.T Radioastronomy techniques, 95.75 Radiobiology, 87.50.G Radiochemical activation analysis, 82.80.J Radiochemistry, 82.55 Radiogalaxies, 98.54.G Radiography, 07.85.Y, 87.59.B Radioimmunotherapy, 87.53.N Radioisotopes (nuclear medicine), 87.59.Q Radiolysis, 82.50.G Radiometers, 07.60.D Radiosurgery, 87.53.L Radiotelescopes, 95.55.J Radiowave radiation -astronomical observations, 95.85.B -biological effects of, 87.50.J -interactions with condensed matter, 78.70.G -in plasma, 52.25.S -plasma diagnostics, 52.70.G -plasma heating, 52.50.G -sources, galactic and extragalactic, 98.70.D -wave propagation, 41.20.J, 84.40 Radiowave receivers and detectors, 07.57.K Radiowave sources, 07.57.H Radiowave spectrometers, 07.57.P Radiowave technology, 84.40 Rain, 92.60.J Raman lasers, 42.55.Y Raman spectra -condensed matter, 78.30 -macro- and polymer molecules, 36.20.N -molecules, 33.20.F Raman spectroscopy -biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.J -CARS, 42.65.D -chemical analysis, 82.80.C Random-phase approximations -collective effects, 71.45 -nuclear-structure models, 21.60.J Random processes, 05.40 Range finders, optical, 42.79.Q Rare earth metals and alloys -electric conductivity, 72.15.E -electronic structure, 71.20.E Rarefied gas dynamics, 47.45 Rate constants (chemical kinetics), 82.20.P Ray tracing -optical, 42.15.D Rayleigh scattering -condensed matter, 78.35 -molecules, 33.20.F -nonlinear optics, 42.65.E -plasma, 52.35.N Rayleigh-Taylor instability, 52.35.P Reaction kinetics, chemical, 82.20, 82.40 Reaction rate constants, 82.20.P Reactive flows, 47.70 Reactor materials -fission reactors, 28.41.Q -fusion reactors, 28.52.F Reactor safety, 28.41.T Reactors -chemical, 82.40.B -nuclear (see 28) Recombination -radiative, 78.60 -semiconductors, 72.20.J -thin films, 73.50.G Recording media -holographic, 42.40.H -magnetic, 85.70.K, L Recrystallization -in crystal growth, 81.10.J -materials treatment effects, 81.40.E Red shift, 98.62.P Reflection coefficients, 78.20.C Reflection electron microscopy, 61.16.B Reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), 61.14.H Reflection spectra, 78.40 Reflectometers, 07.60.H Reflectors, optical, 42.79.F Refraction, 42.25.G Refractive index, 78.20.C Refractometers, 07.60.H Refractories, fabrication and testing of, 81.05.J, M Refrigeration, 07.20.M Regge theory -S-matrix theory, 11.55.J -strong interactions, 12.40.N Reinforced materials -composites, 81.05.N -polymers, 81.05.Q Relativistic astrophysics, 95.30.S Relativistic corrections -atomic structure, 31.30.J -band structure, 71.15.R Relativistic electron beams, 41.75.H Relativistic fluid dynamics, 47.75 Relativistic heavy-ion collisions, 25.75 Relativistic mechanics, 03.30 Relativistic models (nuclear reactions), 24.10.J Relativistic plasma, 52.60 Relativistic scattering theory, 11.80 Relativistic stars, 04.40.D Relativistic wave equations, 03.65.P Relativity -general -approximation methods, equations of motion, 04.25 -classical, 04.20 -special, 03.30 Relaxation processes -chemical kinetics, 82.20.R -dielectrics, 77.22.G -electron spin resonance, 76.30 -electronic conduction in metals and alloys, 72.15.L -helium-4, 67.40.F -muon spin rotation, 76.75 -nuclear magnetic resonance, 33.25, 76.60 -quantum optics, 42.50.H Relays, 84.32.D Remote sensing, 07.07.D -in astronomy, 95.75.R -atmospheric optics, 42.68.W -optical devices, 42.79.Q -radar, 84.40.X Renner-Teller effects, 33.20.W Renormalization -field theory, 11.10.G, 11.10.H -phase transitions, 64.60.A Reptation, 83.20.F Resins, rheology of, 83.70 Resistance measurement, 84.37 Resistors, 84.32.F Resists, 85.40.H Resonance reactions, nucleon-induced, 25.40.N Resonances -baryon, 14.20.G -heavy-ion induced, 25.70.E -nuclear reactions, 24.30 -relativistic heavy-ion collisions, 25.75.G Resonant tunneling, 73.40.G Resonant tunneling devices, 85.30.M Resonating valence bond model, 74.20.M Resonators -lasers, 42.60.D -optical, 42.79.Y Resource letters, 01.30.R Reversals, 91.25.M Reviews, 01.30.R Reynolds number, 83.10 -high, 47.27.J -low, 47.15.G RHEED, 61.14.H Rheology (see 83) -body fluids, 87.45.F -lithosphere and mantle, 91.10.R RHO MESONS Riemannian geometries, 02.40.K Ring currents (magnetosphere), 94.30.J Ring galaxies, 98.52.S Ring lasers, 42.55.W Rings -algebraic, 02.10 -planetary, 96.30.W Rivers, 92.40.F Robotic vision, 42.30.T Rocks -physical properties, 91.60 -rheology, 83.80.N Room acoustics, 43.55 Rotation, measurement of, 06.30.G Rotational constants, molecular, 33.15.M Rotational energy transfer, 34.50.E Rotational flows, 47.32 Rotational isomerism, 33.15.H Rotational levels -macromolecules, 36.20.N -molecules, 33.20.S -nuclei, 21.10.R Rovibronic states, 33.20.W Rubber, 81.05.L Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, 61.85 Rydberg states -excitation and ionization -atoms, 32.80.R -molecules, 33.80.R -scattering in, 34.60 S S-matrix theory, 11.55 Safety -fission reactor, 28.41.T -fusion reactor, 28.52.N -laboratory, 06.60.W -laser systems, 42.60.B -medical physics, 87.50.N, P Sagnac effect, fiber gyros, 42.81.P Sample preparation, 06.60.E Satellites -artificial, 07.87 -Earth, 95.40 -lunar and planetary probes, 95.55.P -orbits of, 91.10.S -communication, 84.40.U -interaction with solar wind, 96.50.E -planetary, 96.30 Saturn, 96.30.M SAW devices, 85.50 Scaling phenomena (field theory), 11.10.J Scanners, optical, 42.79.L Scanning Auger microscopy, 61.16.M Scanning electron microscopy, 61.16.B Scanning probe microscopes, 07.79 Scanning tunneling microscopy -biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.D -instrumentation, 07.79.C -surface structure, 61.16.C Scattering -Brillouin -condensed matter, 78.35 -nonlinear optics, 42.65.E -plasma waves, 52.35.N -elastic -atomic and molecular, 34.50 -pion-nucleus, 25.80.D -electron -atomic and molecular collisions, 34.80 -in magnetic structure determinations, 75.25 -nuclear reactions, 25.30 -structure determination, 61.14 -in electronic transport -metals and alloys, 72.15.Q -semiconductors and insulators, 72.20.D -thin films, 73.50.B -hadron-induced -high-energy, 13.85 -low-energy, 13.75 -hyperon-induced, 25.80.P -inelastic -atomic and molecular, 34.50 -neutron, 25.40.F -pion, 25.80.E -laser-modified, 34.50.R, 34.80.Q -muon-nucleus, 25.30.M -neutrino-nucleus, 25.30.P -neutron, 28.20.C -structural analysis, 61.12 -nonrelativistic theory, 03.65.N -by phonons and magnons, 72.10.D -pion inclusive, 25.80.L -positron-nucleus, 25.30.H -relativistic theory, 11.80 -x-ray -condensed matter, 78.70.C -plasma, 52.25.N -structure determination, 61.10 Scattering matrix, 11.55 Scattering methods (electronic structure), 71.15.C Scattering theory, 03.80 Schlieren devices, 42.79.M Schottky barrier diodes, 85.30.H, K Schottky barriers, 73.30 Schottky defects, 61.72.J Schroedinger equation, 03.65.G Science -in elementary and secondary school, 01.40.E -history of, 01.65 -philosophy of, 01.70 Scintillation detectors, 29.40.M Sea level, 92.10.H Seafloor spreading, 91.25.J Seas, regional, 93.30.R Seawater -optical properties, 92.10.P -physical properties, 92.10.B Second harmonic generation, 42.65.K Second sound (quantum fluids), 67.40.P Secondary electron emission, 79.20.H Secondary-ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), 61.72.S, 81.70.J, 82.80.M Sediment transport, oceanic, 92.10.W Sedimentary petrology, 91.65.T Sedimentation, 83.70.H -hydrology, 92.40.G -marine geology, 91.50.J Segregation, 64.75 Seiches, 92.10.J Seismology, 91.30 Selected-area electron diffraction, 61.14.L Selenodesy, 96.20.J Self-consistent field calculations -atoms and molecules, 31.15.N -nuclear structure, 21.60.J -solids, 71.15.M Self-diffusion -in metals and alloys, 66.30.F -in nonmetals, 66.30.H Self-focusing, 42.65.J Self-gravitating systems, 04.40 Self-induced transparency, 42.50.M Self-organized criticality, 64.60.L Semiclassical theories -atomic physics, 31.15.G -gauge fields, 11.15.K -quantum mechanics, 03.65.S Semiconductor detectors -for nuclear physics, 29.40.W -optoelectronic, 85.60 Semiconductor devices, 85.30 Semiconductor lasers, 42.55.P Semiconductors -absorption and reflection spectra, 78.40.F -amorphous (conductivity), 72.80.N -thin films, 73.61.J -band structure, 71.20.M, N -conductivity, 72.20 -doping, 61.72 -fabrication, 81.05.C, D, E, G, H -impurity levels, 71.55 -infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.A, F -liquid -conductivity of, 72.80.P -electronic structure, 71.22 -magnetic, 75.50.P -nonlinear optical materials, 42.70.N -photoemission, 79.60.E -photoluminescence, 78.55 -radiation effects, 61.82.F -semiconductor-electrolyte contacts, 73.40.M -semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor structures, 73.40.T -semiconductor-metal-semiconductor structures, 73.40.V -semiconductor-to-insulator structure, 73.40.Q -semiconductor-to-semiconductor contacts, 73.40 -thin films -optical properties, 78.66 -transport processes, 73.50, 73.61 Semiconductors, elemental -band structure, 71.20.M -conductivity, 72.80.C -impurity and defect levels, 71.55.A -infrared and Raman spectra, 78.55.A -photoluminescence, 78.55.A -processing, 81.05.C -thin films -conductivity, 73.61.C -optical properties, 78.66.D -photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.B Semiconductors, II-VI -doping and ion implantation, 61.72.V -electrical conductivity, 72.80.E -fabrication, 81.05.E -impurity and defect levels, 71.55.G -infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.F -photoluminescence, 78.55.C -thin films and layered structures -electrical properties, 73.61.G -optical properties, 78.66.H Semiconductors, III-V -doping and ion implantation, 61.72.V -electrical conductivity, 72.80.E -fabrication, 81.05.D -impurity and defect levels, 71.55.E -infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.F -photoluminescence, 78.55.E -thin films and layered structures -electrical properties, 73.61.E -optical properties, 78.66.F Semimetals -electronic structure, 71.20.G -impurity and defect absorption, 78.40.K -impurity and defect levels, 71.55.A -processing, 81.05.B -self-diffusion in, 66.30.F -visible and ultraviolet spectra, 78.40.K Sensors, 07.07.D -fiber-optical, 42.81.P -optical, 42.79.P, Q -in rheology, 83.85.G Septa (beam optics), 41.85.N Sequences and series, 02.30.L, M SERS, 82.65.P, 82.80.C Servo devices, 07.07.T Set theory, 02.10.C Seyfert galaxies, 98.54.C Shape memory effects, 62.20.F, 64.70.K, 81.30.K Shear flows -instability, 47.20.F -steady (rheology), 83.50.A -thick, 47.27.P -thin wall-bounded, 47.27.L Shear modulus, 62.20.D, 81.40.J Shear stress, 83.10 Shear turbulence, 47.27.N Shelf processes, 91.50.C Shell model (nuclear structure), 21.60.C Shells, structural mechanics of, 46.30 Shielding (nuclear technology), 28.41.Q Shock tubes, 07.35 Shock waves -chemical reaction kinetics, 82.40.F -fluid dynamics, 47.40.N -interplanetary, 96.50.F -in plasma, 52.35.T -plasma production and heating by, 52.50.L -rheology, 83.50.T -seismology, 91.30.M -in solids, 62.50 -structural mechanics, 46.30.M Short-range order -amorphous materials, 61.43 -magnetically ordered materials, 75.40 Shutters, optical, 42.79.A Signal processing -in acoustics, 43.60 -electronic circuits for, 07.50.Q -in optics, 42.79.S, T Silicon, doping and ion implantation of, 61.72.T Single-electron devices, 85.30.W Single-electron tunneling, 73.23.H Single-photon emission computed-tomography (SPECT), 87.59.T Sintering (materials preparation), 81.20.E Size effects -bulk matter, 72.30 -thin films, 73.50.M Skin effect, 72.30 Skyrmions, 12.39.D Slip (evidence of dislocations), 61.72.H Slip flows, 47.45.G -rheology, 83.50.L Slug flow, 47.55.K Slurries, 83.70.H Small-angle scattering -neutron, 61.12.E -x-ray, 61.10.E Snow, 92.40.R Soil moisture, 92.40.L Sol-gel processing, 81.20.F Sol-gel transition, 83.80.J Solar absorbers, 42.79.E Solar cells and arrays, 84.60.J Solar collectors and concentrators, 42.79.E Solar flares, 96.60.R Solar instruments, 95.55.E Solar nebula, 96.10 Solar neutrinos, 26.65, 96.60.J Solar particles and photons, 96.40.F Solar physics, 96.60 Solar pulsations, 96.60.L Solar streamers, 96.60.P Solar system (see 96) Solar waves, 96.60.L Solar wind, 96.60.V -electric and magnetic fields, 96.50.B -interaction with magnetosphere, 94.30.V -interactions with planets, satellites and comets, 96.50.E Soldering, 06.60.V Solenoids, 84.32.H Solid-fluid interfaces, 68.45 Solid helium, 67.80 Solid-liquid transitions, 64.70.D Solid-phase epitaxy and growth, 81.15.N Solid-solid interfaces, 68.35 Solid-solid transitions, 64.70.K -phase diagrams, 81.30 Solid-solution hardening, 81.40.C Solid-state lasers, 42.55.P, R Solid-state plasma -bulk matter, 72.30 -thin films, 73.50.M Solid-vapor transitions, 64.70.H Solidification, 64.70.D, 81.30.F Solitons -optical, 42.65.T -optical fibers, 42.81.D -in plasma, 52.35.S Sols, 82.70.G -rheology, 83.70.H Solubility, 64.75 Solutions (mixtures), 83.70.G -biomolecules, 87.15.D -macromolecular and polymer, 61.25.H -solubility, segregation and mixing, 64.75 -thermodynamics of, 82.60.L Solvent effects, 31.70.D Sonography (rheological technique), 83.85.E Sonoluminescence, 78.60.M Sorption, kinetics of, 68.45.D Sound -atmospheric, 43.28 -biological effects, 87.51 -generation and reproduction devices, 43.38 -physical effects, 43.35 -in plasma, 52.35.D -in quantum crystals, 67.80.C -underwater, 43.30 Soundings, ionospheric, 94.20.T South America, 93.30.J Southern Ocean, 93.30.Q Southern Oscillation, 92.10, 92.60 Space charge effects (dielectric materials), 77.50 Space charge-limited devices, 85.30.F Space environment (biological effects), 87.65 Space geodetic surveys, 91.10.F Space groups (crystal symmetry), 61.50.A Space vehicles, 07.87 Spaceborne and space-research instruments, 07.85, 95.55 Spacetime -curved -classical fields in, 04.40 -quantum field theory in, 04.62 -Einstein-Maxwell, 04.40.N -with fluids, 04.40.N -topology, 04.20.G Spacetime topology, 04.20.G Spallation breeder reactors, 28.50.F Spallation reactions, 25.40.S Spark gaps (plasma switches), 52.75.K Sparks, 52.80.M Spatial dimensions, measurement of, 06.30.B Spatial filters, 42.79.C Special relativity, 03.30 Specific heat -liquids, 65.20 -magnetic materials, 75.40 -solids, 65.40 -superconductors, 74.25.B Speckles, 42.30.M SPECT, 87.59.T Spectral analysis, 82.80.C Spectral classification, stellar, 97.10.R Spectral filters, 42.79.C Spectral lines -intensity, 32.70.F, 33.70.F -shape and shift, 32.70.J, 33.70.J Spectral methods (computational techniques), 02.70.H Spectral sources, electric-discharge, 52.80.Y Spectrochemical analysis, 82.80.C Spectrometers -electron, 07.81 -gamma-ray, 07.85.N -infrared, 07.57.T -ion, 07.81 -magnetic resonance, 07.57.P -microwave and radiowave, 07.57.P -for nuclear physics, 29.30 -visible and ultraviolet, 07.60.R -x-ray, 07.85.N Spectrophotometry -astronomical techniques, 95.75.F -chemical analysis, 82.80.C Spectroscopy -in astronomy, 95.55.Q, 95.75.F -in atomic and molecular physics, 39.30 -chemical analysis, 82.80 -in-beam (see 23) -laser, 42.62.F -optical, 07.60.R -time-resolved, 78.47 Speech -perception, 43.71 -processing, 43.72 -production, 43.70 Spheromak, 52.55.H Spicules, 96.60.N Spin-density waves, 75.30.F Spin diffusion, 75.40.G Spin echo, 76.60.L Spin fluctuations (superconductivity), 74.20.M Spin-glass models, 75.10.N Spin glasses, magnetic properties of, 75.50.L Spin Hamiltonians, 75.10.D Spin-lattice relaxation, 76.60.E Spin-orbit coupling (condensed matter), 71.70.E Spin ordering, 75.25 Spin-polarized hydrogen and helium, 67.65 Spin waves, 75.30.D -at magnetic critical points, 75.40.G -resonance, 76.50 Spinodal decomposition, 64.75, 81.30 Spinor structure, 04.20.G Spiral galaxies, 98.52.N, 98.56.N Spontaneous fission, 25.85.C Spontaneous symmetry breaking -gauge symmetries, 11.15.E -other symmetries, 11.30.Q Sports, physics of, 01.80 Spray coating techniques, 52.75.R, 81.15.R Sputtering -atom, molecule, and ion impact, 79.20.R -etching, 81.65.C -film deposition, 81.15.C Squeezed states, 42.50.D SQUID devices, 85.25.D Stacking faults, 61.72.N Standards -frequency (astronomical), 95.55.S -metrology, 06.20.F -optical, 42.72 -in physiological optics, 42.66.Q Stark effect -atoms, 32.60 -condensed matter, 71.70.E -molecules, 33.55.B Stark shift, dynamic, 42.50.H Stars -binary and multiple, 97.80 -characteristics and properties, 97.10 -formation, 97.10.B -late stages of evolution, 97.60 -normal, 97.20 -relativistic, 04.40.D -variable and peculiar, 97.30 State-to-state scattering analysis, 34.50.P Static electrification, 41.20.C, 73.40 Statistical mechanics, 05.20 -displacive phase transitions, 63.70 -lattice vibrations, 63.70 -phase transitions in model systems, 64.60.C -quantum, 05.30 Statistical models -atomic physics, 31.15.B -nuclear reactions, 24.10.P -strong interactions, 12.40.E Statistical physics (see 05) Statistical theories -atomic and molecular collisions, 34.10 -chemical kinetics, 82.20.D -foundations of, 02.50.K -nuclear reactions, 24.60 -strong interactions, 12.40.E Statistics, 02.50 Stellar clusters and associations, 98.20 Stellar motion, 97.10 Stellar seismology, 97.10.S Stellar systems, 98.52 Stellar winds, 97.10.M Stellarators, 52.55.H Stereochemistry -biomolecules, 87.15.B -molecular physics, 33.15.B Stereotactic radiosurgery, 87.53.L Stimulated emission -condensed matter, 78.45 -laser theory, 42.55.A Stimulated scattering -Brillouin and Rayleigh, 42.65.E -Raman, 42.65.D Stochastic analysis, 02.50 Stochastic models -atomic and molecular collisions, 34.10 -chemical kinetics, 82.20.F Stochastic processes, 05.40 Stoichiometry, 61.50.N Stokes flow, 83.10 Stopping power, 34.50.B, 61.85 Storage rings, 29.20.D Storage tubes, 84.47 Storms, 92.60.Q Strain-induced level splitting, 71.70.F Strain-induced piezoelectricity, 77.65.L Strains -measurement of, 07.10.P -solids, 62.20 -thin films, 68.60.B Strange particles, 14.20.J, 14.40 Stratified flows, 47.55.H Stratosphere, 94.10.D Streamflow, 92.40.F Stress corrosion cracking, 62.40.M Stress measurement, 07.10.L Stress relaxation, 62.40, 81.40.J, 83.50.B Stress-strain relations, 46.30, 62.20.F, 81.40.J Strings -cosmic, 98.80.C -extended classical solutions, 11.27 -fundamental, 11.25 Strip lines, 84.40.A Strong-field excitation (quantum optics), 42.50.H Strong interactions -electromagnetic corrections, 13.40.K -models, 12.40 -quantum chromodynamics, 12.38 -quark models, 12.39 -in unified theories, 12.10.D Strongly correlated electron systems, 71.27 Structural acoustics, 43.40 Structural mechanics (shells, plates, and beams), 46.30 Structure -amorphous metals and semiconductors, 61.43.D -biomolecules, 87.15.B -clusters, 36.40.M, 61.46 -crystalline solids, 61.66 -dendrites, 68.70 -disordered solids, 61.43 -fractals, 61.43 -fullerenes, 61.46 -galaxies, 98.62.L -glasses, 61.43.F -irradiation effects on, 61.80 -liquid crystals, 61.30 -liquids, 61.20, 61.25 -multilayers, 68.65 -nanoparticles, 61.46 -quantum crystals, 67.80.C -quasicrystals, 61.44 -solid surfaces, 68.35.B -stellar, 97.10.C -superlattices, 68.65 -thin films, 68.55.J -whiskers, 68.70 SU groups -nuclear physics, 21.60.F -particle physics, 11.30.H, L Sublimation, 64.70.H Submillimeter wave receivers and detectors, 07.57.K Submillimeter wave sources, 07.57.H Subsonic flows, 47.40.D Sum rules, 11.55.H Summer schools, 01.30.B Sun -characteristic and properties, 96.60 -cosmic rays, 96.40.K -radiation (meteorology), 92.60.V Sunspots, 96.60.Q Superconducting cables, 84.70 Superconducting devices, 85.25 Superconducting films, 74.76 Superconducting integrated circuits, 85.25.N Superconducting junctions (SN and SNS), 74.80.F Superconducting magnets, 85.25.L Superconducting materials, 74.70, 74.72 Superconducting wires, fibers, and tapes, 85.25.K Superconductivity (see 74) Superconductor-insulator transitions, 74.20.M Supercooling (see 64) Superexchange interactions, 75.30.E Superfluidity -helium-3, 67.57 -helium-4, 67.40 -hydrodynamic aspects, 47.37 -mixed systems, 67.60 Superfluorescence, 42.50.F Supergiant stars, 97.20.P Supergravity, 04.65 Superheavy elements -properties, 27.90 -reactions and scattering, 25.70, 25.75 Superionic conducting materials, 66.30.H Superlattices -electron states, 73.20.D -magnetic properties, 75.70.C -optical properties, 78.66 -photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.J -structure and nonelectronic properties, 68.65 -superconductivity, 74.80.D Supermagnetism, 75.50.V Supernova remnants -external galaxies, 98.38.M -Milky Way, 98.58.M Supernovae, 97.60.B -evolution, nuclear aspects of, 26.50 -nucleosynthesis, 26.30 Superplasticity, 62.20.F Superradiance, 42.50.F Supersaturation measurement, 82.20 Supersonic flows, 47.40.K Supersymmetric models, 12.60.J Supersymmetric partners of known particles, 14.80.L Supersymmetry, 11.30.P Surface acoustic wave devices, 85.50 -superconducting, 85.25.Q Surface acoustic waves -piezoelectrics, 77.65.D -surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.G Surface barrier devices, 85.30.H Surface cleaning, 81.65.C Surface collisions, 34.50.D, 79.20.R Surface conductivity, 73.25 Surface diffusion, 68.35.F Surface double layers, 73.30 Surface dynamics, 68.35.J Surface-enchanced Raman scattering (SERS), 82.65.P, 82.80.C Surface energy -fluids, 68.10.C -solids, 68.35.M Surface flows, 83.50.L Surface hardening, 81.65.L Surface magnetism, 75.30.P Surface patterning, 81.65.C Surface phase transitions, 68.35.R Surface plasmons, 73.20.M Surface reactions, 82.65.J, Y Surface sheath (superconductivity), 74.60.E Surface states, 73.20 Surface structure, 68.35.B Surface tension, 68.10.C Surface treatments, 81.65 Surface waves -oceanography, 92.10.H -seismology, 91.30.F Surfaces (see 68) -grinding (optical elements), 42.86 -optical properties, 78.66 -reactions, 82.65.J -thermodynamics, 82.65.D Surfactants, 83.70 Surveys, 01.30.R Susceptibility, magnetic, 75.40.C -biological tissues, 87.40 -at magnetic critical points, 75.40.G -magnetic materials, 75.30.C Susceptibility, optical, 42.65.A Suspensions, 82.70.K -dielectric properties, 77.84.N -fluid flows, 47.15.P, 47.55.K -rheology, 83.70.H Swelling, polymers, 61.25.H Switches -electrical, 82.32.D -optical, 42.79.T -plasma, 52.75.K Switching -nonlinear optics, 42.65.P -piezoelectrics, 77.80.F Symmetry -crystal, 61.50.A -molecular, 33.15.B -in nuclear processes, 24.80 -nuclear tests of, 24.80 -theory of fields and particles, 11.30 Symmetry breaking, 11.30.Q -gauge field theory, 11.15.E Synaptic transmission, 87.22.J Synchrocyclotrons, 29.20.M Synchrotron radiation -instrumentation, 07.85.Q -by moving charges, 41.60.A -in spin-arrangement determinations, 75.25 Synchrotrons, 29.20.L Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), 84.40.X T T-J model, 74.20 Tandem mirrors (magnetic fusion confinement), 52.55.J Tantalates, 77.84.D Taus -decays, 13.35.D -properties, 14.60.F Teacher training, 01.40.J Teaching methods, 01.40.G Technicolor models, 12.60.N Technological research and development, 89.20 Tectonics, 91.45 Tektites, 96.50.M Telecommunications, 84.40.U Telemetry, 84.40.X Telescopes, astronomical, 95.55 Television cameras, 07.07.H Temperate regions, 93.30.T Temperature -atmospheric, 94.10.D -measurement of, 07.20.D -stellar, 97.10.R Tensile machines, 07.10.L Tensile strength -materials treatment, 81.40.L -solids, 62.20.F Tension measurement, 07.10.L Terrestrial atmosphere, 92.60, 94 Terrestrial electricity, 91.25.Q Terrestrial heat, 91.35.D Terrestrial magnetism, 91.25 Tetrahedrally bonded nonmetals -impurity and defect levels, 71.55 -photoluminescence, 78.55 -structure, 61.43 -visible and ultraviolet spectra, 78.40.F Textbooks, 01.30.M, P Texture -materials treatment, 81.40.E -superconductors, 74.80.B -superfluid helium-3, 67.57.F -thin films, 68.55.J TGS crystals, 77.84.F Thallium-based high-T[subon]c[suboff] superconductors, 74.72.F Thermal analysis, 81.70.P Thermal blooming, 42.65.J Thermal conduction -amorphous and liquid metals and alloys, 72.15.C -crystalline metals and alloys, 72.15.E -gases, 51.20 -nonelectronic, in solids, 66.70 -nonmetallic liquids, 66.60 -superconductors, 74.25.F Thermal diffusion -gases, 51.20 -liquids, 66.10.C Thermal expansion, 65.70 Thermal imaging (biomedical diagnostics), 87.59.W Thermal instruments and techniques, 07.20 Thermal models, nuclear reactions, 24.10.P Thermal properties -matter, 44.50 -quantum crystals, 67.80.G -rocks, 91.60.K Thermal stability (thin films), 68.60.D Thermal waves, 66.70 Thermally stimulated currents -dielectrics, 77.22.E -thin films, 73.50.G Thermionic emission, 79.40 Thermionic energy conversion, 52.75.F, 84.60.N Thermistors, 84.32.F Thermocouples, 07.20.D Thermodynamic properties -condensed matter, 65.50 -gases, 51.30 -liquid helium-3, normal phase, 67.55.C -plasma, 52.25.K -solutions, 82.60.L -superconductors, 74.25.B -superfluid helium-3, 67.57.B -superfluid helium-4, 67.40.K -surfaces and interfaces (physical chemistry), 68.35.M, 82.65.D Thermodynamics, 05.70 -astrophysics, 95.30.T -black holes, 04.70.D -chemical, 82.60 -nonequilibrium, 05.70.L -nucleation, 82.60.N Thermoelasticity, 46.30.C, 62.20.D, 81.40.J Thermoelectrets, 77.22.E Thermoelectric devices, 85.80.F Thermoelectric effects -metals and alloys, 72.15.J -semiconductors and insulators, 72.20.P -superconductors, 74.25.F -thin films, 73.50.L Thermoelectric energy conversion, 84.60.R Thermoelectromagnetic devices, 85.80 Thermoforming, 83.50 Thermography, 87.59.W Thermogravimetric analysis, 81.70.P Thermohaline structure, 92.10.M Thermoluminescence, 78.60.K Thermoluminescent dosimeters, 87.56 Thermomagnetic effects -metals and alloys, 72.15.J -semiconductors and insulators, 72.20.P -thin films, 73.50.J Thermomechanical effects, 65.70 Thermomechanical treatment of materials, 81.40.G Thermometry, 07.20.D Thermonuclear technology, 28.52 Thermooptical effects, 78.20.N Thermopiles, 07.20.D Thermoplastic polymers, 83.80.B Thermoreflectance, 78.20.N Thermoreversible gels, 83.70.H Thermorheological properties, 83.50.S Thermosetting polymers, 83.80.C Thermosphere, 94.10 Thermostats, 07.20.Y Thermotherapy, 87.54.B Thickening flows, 83.50.Q Thin films -conductivity of specific films, 73.61 -deposition methods, 81.15 -devices, magnetic, 85.70.K -dielectric, 77.55 -growth, structure, and epitaxy, 68.55 -integrated optics, 42.82 -liquid, 68.15 -magnetic, 75.70 -optical properties, 78.66 -photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.D -superconducting, 74.76 -transport phenomena, 73.50 Thixotropy, 83.50.Q Thomas-Fermi-Dirac model, 31.15.B Thomas-Fermi model -atoms and molecules, 31.15.B -electron gas, 71.10.C -nuclear structure, 21.60 Thyristors, 85.30.R Tides -atmospheric -aeronomy, 94.10.J -meteorology, 92.60.D -Earth, 91.10.T -oceanography, 92.10.H Tight binding approximation, 71.15.F Time, measurement of, 06.30.F Time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, 07.75, 39.30 Time-resolved spectroscopy, 39.90, 78.47 Titanates, 77.84.D Tokamaks, 52.55.F Tomography -computerized, 87.59.F -Earth's interior, 91.35.P -optical, 42.30.W -PET, 87.59.V -plate tectonics, 91.45.T -SPECT, 87.59.T Topography -Earth, 91.10.J -Moon, 96.20.D -planets, 96.35.G Topological groups, 02.20.N Topology -algebraic, 02.40.R -general, 02.40.P Toroidal confinement devices, 52.55.H Torque, measurement of, 07.10.P Total energy calculations, 71.15.N Townsend discharge, 52.80.D Toys, physics of, 01.50.W Tracer reactions, 82.55 Tracer techniques (nuclear medicine), 87.59.Q Trajectory models -atomic and molecular collisions, 34.10 -chemical kinetics, 82.20.F Transducers -acoustics, 43.38 -biophysics, 87.22.F -general instrumentation, 07.07.M Transfer functions, optical, 42.30.L Transfer reactions -deuterium-induced, 25.45.H -heavy-ion-induced, 25.70.H -induced by unstable nuclei, 25.60.J -nucleon-induced, 25.40.H Transformers, 84.30.Y Transient phenomena -deformation, 83.50.B -quantum optics, 42.50.M Transistors -bipolar, 85.30.P -field effect, 85.30.T Transition-metal compounds, electrical conductivity of, 72.80.G Transition metals and alloys -electric conductivity, 72.15.E -electronic structure, 71.20.B Transition probabilities -atomic, 32.70.C -molecular, 33.70.C -nuclear, 23.20 Transition state theories (chemical kinetics), 82.20.D Transition temperature (superconductivity), 74.62 Transits, astronomical, 95.10.G Transmembrane processes, 87.22.F Transmission coefficients, optical, 78.20.C Transmission electron microscopy, 61.16.B Transmission lines, 84.40.A Transonic flows, 47.40.H Transport processes -gases, 51.10 -helium-3 -normal phase, 67.55.H -superfluid, 67.57.H -helium-4, superfluid, 67.40.P -interfaces, 73.40 -membranes (biological), 87.22.F -metals and alloys, 72.15 -neutron, 28.20.G -nonelectronic (see 66) -plasma, 52.25.F -semiconductors and insulators, 72.20 -specific materials, 72.80 -superconductors, 74.25.F -theory, 05.60 -thin films, 73.50, 73.61 Transportation, 89.40 Trapped particles (magnetosphere), 94.30.H Trapping, charge carriers -bulk matter, 72.20.J -thin films, 73.50.G Traps, ion, 39.10 Traveling-wave tubes, 84.40.F Treatment planning, 87.53.T Triboelectricity, 41.20.C Tribology -rheology, 83.50.L -solids, 62.20.Q -structural mechanics, 46.30.P Triboluminescence, 78.60.M Triple points, 64.60.K Triplet state, 31.50, 33.50 Triton-induced reactions, 25.55 Tritons, 27.10 Tropical regions, 93.30.V Troposphere, 94.10.D Tsunamis, 91.30.N Tube flow, 47.60 Tumbling flows, 83.20, 83.70.J Tunnel junction devices, 85.30.M Tunneling -defects, 66.35 -interface structures, 73.40.G -macroscopic, in magnetic systems, 75.45 -superconductors, 74.50 Turbidity currents (marine geology), 91.50.J Turbulence -aeronomy, 94.10.L -atmospheric optics, 42.68.B -fluid dynamics, 47.27 -meteorology, 92.60.E -oceanography, 92.10.L -plasma, 52.35.R -quantum fluids, 67.40.V Turbulence generated noise, 47.27.S Turbulent diffusion, 47.27.Q Tutorial papers, 01.30.R 21-cm lines (hydrogen) -external galaxies, 98.58.G -Milky Way, 98.38.G Twin boundaries, twinning, 61.72.M U ULSI, 85.40 Ultrafast processes -chemical reactions, 82.40.J -nonlinear optics, 42.65.R -time-resolved spectra, 78.47 Ultrasonic attenuation (superconductors), 74.25.L Ultrasonic holography, 43.35.S Ultrasonic imaging, 43.35.W, 43.35.Z Ultrasonic relaxation, 62.80 Ultrasonic testing, 81.70.C Ultrasonic velocity measurement, 43.35.A, B, C Ultrasonography, 87.59.M Ultrasound, 43.35 -bioacoustics, 43.80 -biological effects, 87.51 -diagnostic imaging, 87.59.M Ultraviolet detectors, 42.79.P, 85.60.G Ultraviolet radiation -astronomical observations, 95.85 -biological effects, 87.50.G -in plasma, 52.25.Q -surface irradiation effects, 61.80.B Ultraviolet spectra -atoms, 32.30.J -molecules, 33.20.L, N -solids and liquids, 78.40 Ultraviolet spectroscopy -chemical analysis, 82.80.C -instruments, 07.60.R Underwater -acoustics, 43.30, 92.10.V -light and radiation, 92.10.P -morphology, 91.50.G Undulator radiation, 41.60 Unified field theories, 04.50, 12.10 -gravity in more than four dimensions, 04.50 -models beyond the standard models, 12.60 Units of measurement, 06.20.F Universe -Early, 98.80.C -origin and formation, 98.80.B Upsilon mesons, 14.40.N Uranus, 96.30.P Urban planning and development, 89.50 V Vacancies, in crystals, 61.72.J Vacuum chambers, 07.30.K Vacuum deposition, 81.15.E Vacuum gauges, 07.30.D Vacuum microelectronics, 85.45 Vacuum production, 07.30 Vacuum tubes, 84.47 Valence-band method, 71.15.F Valence bond calculations, 31.15.R Valence fluctuation -diamagnetism and paramagnetism, 75.20.H -magnetically ordered materials, 75.30.M van der Waals molecules, 34.30 Vapor deposited coatings, 68.55, 81.15 Vapor-liquid transitions, 64.70.F Vapor phase epitaxy, 81.15.K Vapor-solid transitions, 64.70.H Variable stars (including novae), 97.30 Variational principles -elementary particles, 11.80.F -general relativity, 04.20.F Variational techniques (atomic physics), 31.15.P Varistors, 84.32.F Velocimeters, laser Doppler, 42.79.Q Velocity, measurement of, 06.30.G Veneziano model, 11.55.J, 12.40.N Venus, 96.30.E Very large scale integration (VLSI), 85.40 Vibration isolation, 07.10.F Vibration measurement, 07.10, 46.30.R Vibration-rotation constants, 33.15.M Vibration-rotational analysis, 33.20.V Vibrational constants, molecular, 15.M, 33 Vibrational energy transfer, 34.50.E Vibrational levels -macromolecules, 36.20.N -molecules, 33.20.T -nuclear, 21.60.E Vibrations -crystal lattices, 63.70 -disordered systems, 63.50 -mechanical, 46.30.M -mechanical properties of solids, 62.30 -solid-fluid interfaces, 68.45.K -solid surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.J Vibronic interactions, 33.20.W Video coding, 42.30.V Viscoelasticity -fluid interfaces, 68.10.E -rheology, 83.50.E, G Viscometers, 47.80 Viscometry, 83.85.J Viscoplasticity, 83.50.N Viscosity -fluid interfaces, 68.10.E -gases, 51.20 -liquids, 66.20 Viscous instability, 47.20.G Visible and ultraviolet spectrometers, 07.60.R Visible radiation -astronomical observations, 95.85.K -biological effects, 87.50.H -medical imaging, 87.59.W -in plasma, 52.25.R -surface irradiation effects, 61.80.B Visible spectra -atoms, 32.30.J -molecules, 33.20.K -solids and liquids, 78.40 Vision -computer, 42.30.T -physiological, 42.66 Visual perception, 42.66.S Vitroceramics, 81.05.P Vlasov equation, 52.20, 52.25.F VLSI, 85.40 Voids (crystal defects), 61.72.Q Volcano seismology, 91.30.T Volcanology, 91.40 Voltage measurement, 84.37 Voltmeters, 07.50.Y Volume measurement, 06.30.B Vortices-diffusion systems (chemical kinetics), 82.40.C Vorticity -helium-3, 67.57.F -helium-4, 67.40.V -laminar flows, 47.15.K -rotational flows, 47.32.C W Wakes, 47.27.V Water cycles, global, 92.70.L Water pollution, 89.60 Water resources and quality, 92.40.Q Wattmeters, 07.50.Y Wave equations -quantum mechanics (solutions of), 03.65.G -relativistic, 03.65.P Wave fronts, 42.15.D Wave optics, 42.25 Waveguides -optical (See Optical waveguides) -plasma-filled, 52.40.F -radiowave and microwave, 84.40.A Weak interactions -atoms, 32.80.Y -beta decay, 23.40.B -electromagnetic corrections, 13.40.K -leptons, 13.10 -models of, 12.15 Weak links -superconductivity, 74.50 -superfluidity, 67.40.R Wear -materials treatment, 81.40.P -mechanics, 46.30.P Weather analysis and prediction, 92.60.W Weighing, 06.30.D Weightlessness, biological effects of, 87.65 Weinberg-Salam model, 12.15 Weissenberg effect, 83.50.E Welding, 81.20.V -workshop techniques, 06.60.V Westheimer method, 31.15.C Wetting -fluid surfaces and fluid-fluid interfaces, 68.10 -solid-fluid interfaces, 68.45.G Whiskers, 68.70 Whistler waves -magnetosphere, 94.30.T -plasma, 52.35.H White dwarfs, 97.20.R Wiberg method, 31.15.C Wiggler magnets, 41.85.L Windows, optical, 42.79.C Winds -aeronomy, 94.10.J -meteorology, 92.60.G Wiring, 84.32.H Wood (rheology), 83.80.L Work function, 73.30 Work hardening, 81.40.E Workshop techniques -laboratory, 06.60.V -optical, 42.86 X X-ray absorption spectroscopy, 78.70.D -structural analysis, 61.10.H X-ray binary stars, 97.80.J X-ray crystallography, 61.10 X-ray detectors, 07.85.F X-ray diffraction -biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.B -crystal structure, 61.10.N -defect structure, 61.72.D X-ray diffractometers, 07.85.N X-ray dosimetry, 87.53.B, D X-ray emission spectra, 78.70.E X-ray fluorescence, 78.70.E X-ray gratings, 07.85.F X-ray lasers, 42.55.V X-ray lithography, 85.40.H X-ray microscopy, 07.85.Y X-ray mirrors, 07.85.F X-ray monochromators, 07.85.Y X-ray photoelectron diffraction, 61.14.Q X-ray photoelectron spectra -molecules, 33.60.F -surface analysis, 79.60 X-ray radiation effects, 61.80.C X-ray radiography, 87.59.B -digital, 87.59.H X-ray reflectometry, 61.10.K X-ray scattering, 78.70.C -defect structure, 61.72.D -structural analysis, 61.10.E X-ray sources -galactic and stellar, 97.80.J, 98.70.Q -instrumentation, 07.85.F X-ray spectra -astronomical observations, 95.85.N -atoms, 32.30.R -molecules, 33.20.R X-ray spectrometers, 07.85.N X-ray spectroscopy -biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.F -chemical analysis, 82.80.E -nuclear physics, 29.30.K X-ray telescopes, 95.55.K X-ray topography (crystal defects), 61.72.F X rays -beam optics, 41.50 -biological effects, 87.50.G -emission, absorption, and scattering in plasma, 52.25.N -plasma diagnostics, 52.70.L -radiation damage by, 61.80.C -spin arrangement determinations, 75.25 XANES, 61.10.H Xerography, 07.68 Y Yang-Mills fields, 12.10, 12.15 Yield strength, 62.20.F, 83.50.N Young's modulus, 62.20.D, 81.40.J Yrast states, 21.10.R Yttrium-based high-T[subon]c[suboff] superconductors, 74.72.B Z Zeeman effect -atoms, 32.60 -condensed matter, 71.70.E -molecules, 33.55.B Zener diodes, 85.30.M Zeolites, 83.80.P Zero gravity experiments, 81.70.H, 87.65 Zero sound (see 67) Zodiacal light, 96.50.D Zone melting and refining, 81.10.F Zone plates, 42.79.C