1999 PACS

• 1999 PACS Summary of Scheme, 00. - 09.
  There is a brief index of all the PACS numbers at the beginning of this section.
• 1999 PACS Summary of Scheme, 10. - 19.
• 1999 PACS Summary of Scheme, 20. - 29.
• 1999 PACS Summary of Scheme, 30. - 39.
• 1999 PACS Summary of Scheme, 40. - 49.
• 1999 PACS Summary of Scheme, 50. - 59.
• 1999 PACS Summary of Scheme, 60. - 69.
• 1999 PACS Summary of Scheme, 70. - 79.
• 1999 PACS Summary of Scheme, 80. - 89.
• 1999 PACS Summary of Scheme, 90. - 99.

1999 PACS, 00. - 09.

00. SUMMARY OF PACS SCHEME
01. Communication, education, history, and philosophy
02. Mathematical methods in physics
03. Quantum mechanics, field theories, and special relativity
04. General relativity and gravitation
05. Statistical physics and thermodynamics, and nonlinear dynamical systems
06. Metrology, measurements, and laboratory procedures
07. Specific instrumentation and techniques of general use in physics
10. THE PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS
11. General theory of fields and particles
12. Specific theories and interaction models; particle systematics
13. Specific reactions and phenomenology
14. Properties of specific particles
20. NUCLEAR PHYSICS
21. Nuclear structure
23. Radioactive decay and in-beam spectroscopy
24. Nuclear reactions: general
25. Nuclear reactions: specific reactions
27. Properties of specific nuclei listed by mass ranges
28. Nuclear engineering and nuclear power studies
29. Experimental methods and instrumentation for elementary-particle and nuclear physics
30. ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
31. Electronic structure of atoms and molecules: theory
32. Atomic spectra and interactions with photons
33. Molecular spectra and interactions of molecules with photons
34. Atomic and molecular collision processes and interactions
35. Experimentally derived information on atoms and molecules; instrumentation and techniques
36. Studies of special atoms and molecules
40. ELECTROMAGNETISM, OPTICS, ACOUSTICS, HEAT TRANSFER, CLASSICAL MECHANICS, AND FLUID DYNAMICS
41. Electromagnetism; electron and ion optics
42. Optics
43. Acoustics
44. Heat transfer, thermal and thermodynamic processes
45. Classical mechanics of discrete systems
46. Continuum mechanics of solids
47. Fluid dynamics
50. FLUIDS, PLASMAS, AND ELECTRIC DISCHARGES
51. Kinetic and transport theory of fluids; physical properties of gases
52. The physics of plasmas and electric discharges
60. CONDENSED MATTER: STRUCTURE, MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES
61. Structure of solids and liquids; crystallography
62. Mechanical and acoustical properties of condensed matter
63. Lattice dynamics
64. Equations of state, phase equilibria, and phase transitions
65. Thermal properties of condensed matter
66. Transport properties of condensed matter (nonelectronic)
67. Quantum fluids and solids; liquid and solid helium
68. Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties)
70. CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES
71. Electronic structure
72. Electronic transport in condensed matter
73. Electronic structure and electrical properties of surfaces, interfaces, and thin films
74. Superconductivity
75. Magnetic properties and materials
76. Magnetic resonances and relaxations in condensed matter, Mossbauer effect
77. Dielectrics, piezoelectrics, and ferroelectrics and their properties
78. Optical properties and condensed-matter spectroscopy and other interactions of matter with particles and radiation
79. Electron and ion emission by liquids and solids; impact phenomena
80. INTERDISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
81. Materials science
82. Physical chemistry
83. Rheology
84. Electromagnetic technology
85. Electronic and magnetic devices
87. Biophysics and medical physics
89. Topics of general interest to physicists
90. GEOPHYSICS, ASTRONOMY, AND ASTROPHYSICS
91. Solid Earth physics
92. Hydrospheric and atmospheric geophysics
93. Geophysical observations, instrumentation, and techniques
94. Aeronomy and magnetospheric physics
95. Fundamental astronomy and astrophysics; instrumentation, techniques and astronomical observations
96. Solar System
97. Stars
98. Stellar systems; galactic and extragalactic objects and systems; the Universe

01. Communication, Education, History, and Philosophy
01.10.-m Announcements, news, and organizational activities
01.10.Cr Announcements, news, and awards
01.10.Fv Conferences, lectures, and institutes
01.10.Hx Physics organizational activities
01.20.+x Communication forms and techniques (written, oral, electronic, etc.)
01.30.-y Physics literature and publications
01.30.Bb Publications of lectures (advanced institutes, summer schools, etc.)
01.30.Cc Conference proceedings
01.30.Ee Monographs and collections
01.30.Kj Handbooks, dictionaries, tables, and data compilations
01.30.Mm Textbooks for graduates and researchers
01.30.Pp Textbooks for undergraduates
01.30.Rr Surveys and tutorial papers; resource letters
01.30.Tt Bibliographies
01.30.Vv Book reviews
01.30.Xx Publications in electronic media (for the topic of electronic publishing, see 01.20)
01.40.-d Education
01.40.Di Course design and evaluation
01.40.Ej Science in elementary and secondary school
01.40.Fk Physics education research (cognition, problem solving, etc.)
01.40.Gm Curricula; teaching methods, strategies, theory of testing, evaluation
01.40.Jp Teacher training
01.50.-i Educational aids
01.50.Fr Audio and visual aids, films
01.50.Ht Instructional computer use
01.50.Kw Techniques of testing
01.50.Lc Laboratory computer use (see also 01.50.P)
01.50.My Demonstration experiments and apparatus
01.50.Pa Laboratory experiments and apparatus (see also 01.50.L)
01.50.Qb Laboratory course design, organization, and evaluation
01.50.Wg Physics of toys
01.52.+r National and international laboratory facilities
01.55.+b General physics
01.60.+q Biographies, tributes, personal notes, and obituaries
01.65.+g History of science
01.70.+w Philosophy of science
01.75.+m Science and society (for science and government, see 01.78)
01.78.+p Science and government (funding, politics, etc.)
01.80.+b Physics of sports
01.90.+g Other topics of general interest (restricted to new topics in section 01)
02. Mathematical Methods in Physics
02.10.-v Logic, set theory, and algebra
02.10.By Logic and foundations
02.10.Cz Set theory
02.10.Eb Combinatorics
02.10.Gd Order, lattices, and ordered algebraic structures
02.10.Jf General mathematical systems
02.10.Lh Number theory
02.10.Nj Algebraic number theory, field theory, and polynomials
02.10.Pk Commutative rings and algebras
02.10.Rn Algebraic geometry
02.10.Sp Linear and multilinear algebra; matrix theory (finite and infinite)
02.10.Tq Associative rings and algebras
02.10.Vr Nonassociative rings and algebras
02.10.Ws Category theory and homological algebra
02.20.-a Group theory (for algebraic methods in quantum mechanics, see 03.65.F; for symmetries in elementary particle physics, see 11.30)
02.20.Df Finite groups
02.20.Fh Infinite groups
02.20.Hj Classical linear algebraic groups
02.20.Km Abelian groups
02.20.Mp Semigroups
02.20.Nq Topological groups, general
02.20.Qs General properties, structure, and representation of Lie groups
02.20.Rt Discrete subgroups of Lie groups
02.20.Sv Lie algebras of Lie groups
02.20.Tw Infinite-dimensional Lie groups
02.30.-f Function theory, analysis
02.30.Bi Real functions
02.30.Cj Measure and integration
02.30.Dk Functions of a complex variable
02.30.Em Potential theory
02.30.Fn Several complex variables and analytic spaces
02.30.Gp Special functions
02.30.Hq Ordinary differential equations
02.30.Jr Partial differential equations
02.30.Ks Delay and functional equations
02.30.Lt Sequences, series, and summability
02.30.Mv Approximations and expansions
02.30.Nw Fourier analysis
02.30.Px Abstract harmonic analysis
02.30.Qy Integral transforms and operational calculus
02.30.Rz Integral equations
02.30.Sa Functional analysis
02.30.Tb Operator theory
02.30.Wd Calculus of variations and optimal control
02.40.-k Geometry, differential geometry, and topology (see also 04 Relativity and gravitation)
02.40.Dr Euclidean and projective geometries
02.40.Ft Convex sets and geometric inequalities
02.40.Hw Classical differential geometry
02.40.Ky Riemannian geometries
02.40.Ma Global differential geometry
02.40.Pc General topology
02.40.Re Algebraic topology
02.40.Sf Manifolds and cell complexes
02.40.Vh Global analysis and analysis on manifolds
02.50.-r Probability theory, stochastic processes, and statistics (see also 05 Statistical physics)
02.50.Cw Probability theory
02.50.Ey Stochastic processes
02.50.Fz Stochastic analysis
02.50.Ga Markov processes
02.50.Hb Queuing theory
02.50.Kd Foundations of statistics; sufficiency
02.50.Le Decision theory and game theory
02.50.Ng Distribution theory and Monte Carlo studies
02.50.Ph Parametric inference
02.50.Rj Nonparametric inference
02.50.Sk Multivariate analysis
02.50.Vn Linear inference
02.50.Wp Inference from stochastic processes
02.60.-x Numerical approximation and analysis
02.60.Cb Numerical simulation; solution of equations
02.60.Dc Numerical linear algebra
02.60.Ed Interpolation; curve fitting
02.60.Gf Algorithms for functional approximation
02.60.Jh Numerical differentiation and integration
02.60.Lj Ordinary and partial differential equations; boundary value problems
02.60.Nm Integral and integrodifferential equations
02.60.Pn Numerical optimization
02.70.-c Computational techniques
02.70.Bf Finite-difference methods
02.70.Dh Finite-element and Galerkin methods
02.70.Fj Finite-volume methods
02.70.Hm Spectral methods
02.70.Jn Collocation methods
02.70.Lq Monte Carlo and statistical methods
02.70.Ns Molecular dynamics and particle methods
02.70.Pt Boundary-integral methods
02.90.+p Other topics in mathematical methods in physics (restricted to new topics in section 02)
03. Quantum mechanics, field theories, and special relativity (see also 11 General theory of fields and particles)
03.30.+p Special relativity
03.50.-z Classical field theories
03.50.De Classical electromagnetism, Maxwell equations (for applied classical electromagnetism, see 41.20)
03.50.De Maxwell theory: general mathematical aspects (for applied classical electrodynamics, see 41)
03.50.Kk Other special classical field theories
03.65.-w Quantum mechanics (see also 05.30 Quantum statistical mechanics)
03.65.Bz Foundations, theory of measurement, miscellaneous theories (including Aharonov-Bohm effect, Bell inequalities, Berry's phase)
03.65.Ca Formalism
03.65.Db Functional analytical methods
03.65.Fd Algebraic methods (see also 02.20 Group theory)
03.65.Ge Solutions of wave equations: bound states
03.65.Nk Nonrelativistic scattering theory (see also 03.80 General theory of scattering)
03.65.Pm Relativistic wave equations
03.65.Sq Semiclassical theories and applications
03.67.-a Quantum information
03.67.Dd Quantum cryptography
03.67.Hk Quantum communication
03.67.Lx Quantum computation
03.70.+k Theory of quantized fields (see also 11.10 Field theory)
03.75.-b Matter waves
03.75.Be Atom and neutron optics
03.75.Dg Atom and neutron interferometry
03.75.Fi Phase coherent atomic ensembles; quantum condensation phenomena
04. General Relativity and Gravitation (for relativistic cosmology, see 98.80.H)
04.20.-q Classical general relativity (see also 02.40 Geometry and topology)
04.20.Cv Fundamental problems and general formalism
04.20.Dw Singularities and cosmic censorship
04.20.Ex Initial value problem, existence and uniqueness of solutions
04.20.Fy Canonical formalism, Lagrangians, and variational principles
04.20.Gz Spacetime topology, causal structure, spinor structure
04.20.Ha Asymptotic structure
04.20.Jb Exact solutions
04.25.-g Approximation methods; equations of motion
04.25.Dm Numerical relativity
04.25.Nx Post-Newtonian approximation; perturbation theory; related approximations
04.30.-w Gravitational waves: theory
04.30.Db Wave generation and sources
04.30.Nk Wave propagation and interactions
04.40.-b Self-gravitating systems; continuous media and classical fields in curved spacetime
04.40.Dg Relativistic stars: structure, stability, and oscillations (for relativistic astrophysics, see 95.30.S)
04.40.Nr Einstein-Maxwell spacetimes, spacetimes with fluids, radiation or classical fields
04.50.+h Gravity in more than four dimensions, Kaluza-Klein theory, unified field theories, alternative theories of gravity (see also 11.25.M Compactification and four-dimensional models)
04.60.-m Quantum gravity (see also 98.80.H Quantum cosmology)
04.60.Ds Canonical quantization
04.60.Gw Covariant and sum-over-histories quantization
04.60.Kz Lower dimensional models; minisuperspace models
04.60.Nc Lattice and discrete methods
04.62.+v Quantum field theory in curved spacetime
04.65.+e Supergravity (see also 12.60.J Supersymmetric models)
04.70.-s Physics of black holes (for astrophysics of black holes, see 97.60.L)
04.70.Bw Classical black holes
04.70.Dy Quantum aspects of black holes, evaporation, thermodynamics
04.80.-y Experimental studies of gravity
04.80.Cc Experimental tests of gravitational theories
04.80.Nn Gravitational wave detectors and experiments (see also 95.55.Y in Astronomical instrumentation)
04.90.+e Other topics in general relativity and gravitation (restricted to new topics in section 04)
05. Statistical physics, thermodynamics, and nonlinear dynamical systems (see also 02.50 Probability theory, stochastic processes, and statistics)
05.10.-a Computational methods in statistical physics and nonlinear dynamics (see also 02.70 in mathematical methods in physics)
05.10.Cc Renormalization group methods
05.10.Gg Stochastic analysis methods (Fokker-Planck, Langevin, etc.)
05.10.Ln Monte Carlo methods
General theory in fluid dynamics)
05.20.-y Classical statistical mechanics
05.20.Dd Kinetic theory
05.20.Gg Classical ensemble theory
05.20.Jj Statistical mechanics of classical fluids (see also 47.10 05.30.-d Quantum statistical mechanics
05.30.Ch Quantum ensemble theory
05.30.Fk Fermion systems and electron gas
05.30.Jp Boson systems
05.30.Pr Fractional statistics systems (anyons, etc.)
05.40.-a Fluctuation phenomena, random processes, noise, and Brownian motion
05.40.Ca Noise
05.40.Fb Random walks and Levy flights
05.40.Jc Brownian motion
05.45.-a Nonlinear dynamics and nonlinear dynamical systems (see also 45 Classical mechanics of discrete systems)
05.45.Ac Low-dimensional chaos
05.45.Df Fractals (see also 47.53 Fractals in Fluid dynamics)
05.45.Gg Control of chaos, applications of chaos
05.45.Jn High-dimensional chaos
05.45.Mt Semiclassical chaos ("quantum chaos")
05.45.Pq Numerical simulations of chaotic models
05.45.Ra Coupled map lattices
05.45.Tp Time series analysis
05.45.Vx Communication using chaos
05.45.Xt Synchronization; coupled oscillators
05.45.Yv Solitons (see 52.35.S for solitons in Plasma; 42.50.M, 42.65,T, 42.81.D for solitons in Optics)
05.50.+q Lattice theory and statistics (Ising, Potts, etc.) (see also 64.60.C Order-disorder transformations and statistical mechanics of model systems and 75.10.H Classical spin models)
05.60.-k Transport processes
05.60.Cd Classical transport
05.60.Gg Quantum transport
05.65.+b Self-organized systems (see also 45.70 in classical mechanics of discrete systems)
05.70.-a Thermodynamics (see also 64 Equations of state, phase equilibria, and phase transitions, and 65 Thermal properties of condensed matter; for chemical thermodynamics, see 82.60)
05.70.Ce Thermodynamic functions and equations of state
05.70.Fh Phase transitions: general studies
05.70.Jk Critical point phenomena
05.70.Ln Nonequilibrium thermodynamics, irreversible processes (see also 82.20.M Nonequilibrium kinetics, and 82.40.B Oscillations, chaos, and bifurcations in homogeneous and nonequilibrium reactors)
05.70.Np Interface and surface thermodynamics (see also 82.65.D Thermodynamics of surfaces and interfaces in physical chemistry)
05.90.+m Other topics in statistical physics, thermodynamics, and nonlinear dynamical systems (restricted to new topics in section 05)
06. Metrology, Measurements, and Laboratory Procedures
06.20.-f Metrology
06.20.Dk Measurement and error theory
06.20.Fn Units and standards
06.20.Jr Determination of fundamental constants
06.30.-k Measurements common to several branches of physics and astronomy
06.30.Bp Spatial dimensions (e.g., position, lengths, volume, angles, displacements, including nanometer-scale displacements)
06.30.Dr Mass and density
06.30.Ft Time and frequency
06.30.Gv Velocity, acceleration, and rotation
06.60.-c Laboratory procedures
06.60.Ei Sample preparation (including design of sample holders)
06.60.Jn High-speed techniques (microsecond to femtosecond)
06.60.Mr Testing and inspecting procedures
06.60.Sx Positioning and alignment; manipulating, remote handling
06.60.Vz Workshop procedures (welding, machining, lubrication, bearings, etc.)
06.60.Wa Laboratory safety procedures
06.90.+v Other topics in metrology, measurements, and laboratory procedures (restricted to new topics in section 06)
07. Instruments, Apparatus, Components, and Techniques common to several Branches of physics and astronomy
7.05.-t Computers in experimental physics
***** Computers in physics education, see 01.50.H and 01.50.L
***** Computational techniques, see 02.70 - in mathematical methods in physic s
***** Quantum computation, see 03.67.L in quantum mechanics
07.05.Bx Computer systems: hardware, operating systems, computer languages, and utilities
07.05.Dz Control systems
07.05.Fb Design of experiments
07.05.Hd Data acquisition: hardware and software
07.05.Kf Data analysis: algorithms and implementation; data management
07.05.Mh Neural networks, fuzzy logic, artificial intelligence
07.05.Pj Image processing: (see also 42.30.V in optics)
07.05.Rm Data presentation and visualization: algorithms and implementation
07.05.Tp Computer modeling and simulation
07.05.Wr Computer interfaces
07.07.-a General equipment and techniques
07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing
07.07.Hj Display and recording equipment, oscilloscopes, TV cameras, etc.
07.07.Mp Transducers
07.07.Tw Servo and control equipment; robots
07.07.Vx Hygrometers
07.10.-h Mechanical instruments, equipment, and techniques
07.10.Cm Micromechanical devices and systems: (see also 85.42 Nanotechnology)
07.10.Fq Vibration isolation
07.10.Lw Balance systems, tensile machines, etc.
07.10.Pz Instruments for strain, force, and torque
07.20.-n Thermal instruments, apparatus, and techniques
07.20.Dt Thermometry
07.20.Fw Calorimetry
07.20.Hy Furnaces; heaters
07.20.Ka High-temperature techniques and instrumentation; pyrometry
07.20.Mc Cryogenics, refrigerators; low-temperature techniques
07.20.Pe Heat engines; heat pumps
07.30.-t Vacuum apparatus and techniques (see also 47.45 Rarefied gas dynamics)
07.30.Bx Degasification, residual gas
07.30.Cy Vacuum pumps
07.30.Dz Vacuum gauges
07.30.Hd Vacuum testing methods; leak detectors
07.30.Kf Vacuum chambers, auxiliary apparatus, and materials
07.35.+k High-pressure apparatus and techniques; shock tubes; diamond anvil cells
07.50.-e Electrical and electronic components, instruments, and techniques
07.50.Ek Circuits and circuit components: (see also 85.20--in electrical and magnetic devices)
07.50.Hp Electrical noise and shielding, interference
07.50.Ls Electrometers
07.50.Qx Signal processing electronics
07.55.-w Magnetic components, instruments and techniques
07.55.Db Generation of magnetic fields; magnets: (see also 85.70.N--in magnetic devices)
07.55.Ge Magnetometers for magnetic field measurements
07.55.Jg Magnetometers for susceptibility, magnetic moment, and magnetization measurements
07.55.Nk Magnetic shielding in instruments
07.57.-c Infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave and radiowave instruments, equipment and techniques (for infrared and radio telescopes, see 95.55)
07.57.Hm Infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave, and radiowave sources
07.57.Kp Bolometer; infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave, and radiowave receivers and detectors (see also 85.60.G Photodetectors and infrared detectors)
07.57.Pt Submillimeter wave, microwave and radiowave spectrometers; magnetic resonance spectrometers, auxiliary equipment, and techniques
07.57.Ty Infrared spectrometers, auxiliary equipment, and techniques
07.60.-j Optical instruments, equipment, and techniques
***** Optical sources, see 42.72
***** Optical elements, devices, and systems 42.79
***** Optoelecctronic devices 85.60
***** Optical telescopes, see 95.55
07.60.Dq Photometers, radiometers, and colorimeters
07.60.Fs Polarimeters and ellipsometers
07.60.Hv Refractometers and reflectometers
07.60.Ly Interferometers
07.60.Pb Conventional optical microscopes: (for near-field scanning optical microscopes, see 07.79.B)
07.60.Rd Visible and ultraviolet spectrometers
07.60.Vg Fiber-optic instruments (see also 42.81 Fiber optics)
07.64.+z Acoustic instruments, equipment, and techniques: (see also Acoustic Appendix)
07.68.+m Photography, photographic instruments and techniques; xerography
07.75.+h Mass spectrometers and related techniques
07.77.-n Atomic, molecular, and charged-particle sources and detectors
07.77.Gx Atomic and molecular beam sources and detectors
07.77.Ka Charged-particle beam sources and detectors
07.78.+s Electron, positron, and ion microscopes, electron diffractometers, and related techniques
07.79.-v Scanning probe microscopes: components and techniques
07.79.Cz Scanning tunneling microscopes
07.79.Fc Near-field scanning optical microscopes
07.79.Lh Atomic force microscopes
07.79.Pk Magnetic force microscopes
07.79.Sp Friction force microscopes
07.81.+a Electron, ion spectrometers, and related techniques
07.85.-m X- and gamma-ray instruments and techniques
07.85.Fv X- and gamma-ray sources, mirrors, gratings, and detectors
07.85.Jy Diffractometers
07.85.Nc X- and gamma-ray spectrometers
07.85.Qe Synchrotron radiation instrumentation
07.85,Tt X-ray microscopes
07.87.+v Spaceborne and space research instruments, apparatus, and components (satellites, space vehicles, etc.)
07.88.+y Instruments for environmental pollution measurements
07.89.+b Environmental effects on instruments (e.g., radiation and pollution effects)
07.90.+c Other topics in instruments, apparatus, components, and techniques common to several branches of physics and astronomy (restricted to new topics in section 07)

10. THE PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS (for cosmic rays, see 98.40; for experimental methods and instrumentation, see 29)
11. General Theory of Fields and Particles (see also 03.65 Quantum
mechanics, 03.70 Theory of quantized fields, 03.80 General theory of
scattering)
11.10.-z Field theory (for gauge field theories, see 11.15)
11.10.Cd Axiomatic approach
11.10.Ef Lagrangian and Hamiltonian approach
11.10.Gh Renormalization
11.10.Hi Renormalization group evolution of parameters
11.10.Jj Asymptotic problems and properties
11.10.Kk Field theories in dimensions other than four (see also 04.50 Gravity
in more than four dimensions; 04.60.K Lower dimensional models in
quantum gravity)
11.10.Lm Nonlinear or nonlocal theories and models (see also 11.27 Extended
classical solution; cosmic strings, domain walls, texture)
11.10.St Bound and unstable states; Bethe-Salpeter equations
11.10.Wx Finite-temperature field theory
***** Relativistic wave equations, see 03.65.P
11.15.-q Gauge field theories
11.15.Bt General properties of perturbation theory
11.15.Ex Spontaneous breaking of gauge symmetries
11.15.Ha Lattice gauge theory (see also 12.38.G Lattice QCD calculations)
11.15.Kc Classical and semiclassical techniques
11.15.Me Strong-coupling expansions
11.15.Pg Expansions for large numbers of components (e.g., 1/N sub c expansions)
11.15.Tk Other nonperturbative techniques
11.25.-w Theory of fundamental strings
11.25.Db Properties of perturbation theory
11.25.Hf Conformal field theory, algebraic structures
11.25.Mj Compactification and four-dimensional models
11.25.Pm Noncritical string theory
11.25.Sq Nonperturbative techniques; string field theory
11.27.+d Extended classical solutions; cosmic strings, domain walls, texture
(see 98.80.C in cosmology)
11.30.-j Symmetry and conservation laws (see also 02.20 Group theory)
11.30.Cp Lorentz and Poincare invariance
11.30.Er Charge conjugation, parity, time reversal, and other discrete
symmetries
11.30.Fs Global symmetries (e.g., baryon number, lepton number)
11.30.Hv Flavor symmetries
11.30.Ly Other internal and higher symmetries
11.30.Na Nonlinear and dynamical symmetries (spectrum-generating symmetries)
11.30.Pb Supersymmetry (see also 12.60.J Supersymmetric models)
11.30.Qc Spontaneous and radiative symmetry breaking
11.30.Rd Chiral symmetries
11.40.-q Currents and their properties
11.40.Dw General theory of currents
11.40.Ex Formal properties of current algebras (see also 12.39.F Chiral
Lagrangians)
11.40.Ha Partially conserved axial-vector currents
11.55.-m S-matrix theory; analytic structure of amplitudes
11.55.Bq Analytic properties of S matrix
11.55.Ds Exact S matrices
11.55.Fv Dispersion relations
11.55.Hx Sum rules
11.55.Jy Regge formalism (see also 12.40.N in strong interactions)
11.80.-m Relativistic scattering theory
11.80.Cr Kinematical properties (helicity and invariant amplitudes, kinematic singularities, etc.)
11.80.Et Partial-wave analysis
11.80.Fv Approximations (eikonal approximation, variational principles, etc.)
11.80.Gw Multichannel scattering
11.80.Jy Many-body scattering and Faddeev equation
11.80.La Multiple scattering
11.90.+t Other topics in general theory of fields and particles (restricted to new topics in section 11)
12. Specific Theories and Interaction Models; Particle Systematics
12.10.-g Unified field theories and models (see also 04.50-in general relativity and gravitation, 11.25.M Compactification and four- dimensional models)
12.10.Dm Unified theories and models of strong and electroweak interactions
12.10.Kt Unification of couplings; mass relations
12.15.-y Electroweak interactions
***** see also 24.85 Quarks, gluons, and QCS in nuclei and nuclear processes
12.15.Ff Quark and lepton masses and mixing (see also 14.60.P Neutrino mass and mixing)
12.15.Hh Determination of Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements
12.15.Ji Applications of electroweak models to specific processes
12.15.Lk Electroweak radiative corrections (see also 13.40.K Electromagnetic corrections to strong- and weak-interaction processes)
12.15.Mm Neutral currents
12.20.-m Quantum electrodynamics
12.20.Ds Specific calculations
12.20.Fv Experimental tests
12.38.-t Quantum chromodynamics
***** see also 24.85 Quarks, gluons, and QCD in nuclei and nuclear processes
12.38.Aw General properties of QCD (dynamics, confinement, etc.)
12.38.Bx Perturbative calculations
12.38.Cy Summation of perturbation theory
12.38.Gc Lattice QCD calculations (see also 11.15.H Lattice gauge theory)
12.38.Lg Other nonperturbative calculations
12.38.Mh Quark-gluon plasma
12.38.Qk Experimental tests
12.39.-x Phenomenological quark models
12.39.Ba Bag model
12.39.Dc Skyrmions
12.39.Fe Chiral Lagrangians
12.39.Hg Heavy quark effective theory
12.39.Jh Nonrelativistic quark model
12.39.Ki Relativistic quark model
12.39.Mk Glueball and nonstandard multi-quark/gluon states
12.39.Pn Potential models
12.40.-y Other models for strong interactions
12.40.Ee Statistical models
12.40.Nn Regge theory, duality, absorptive/optical models (see also 11.55.J Regge formalism)
12.40.Vv Vector-meson dominance
12.40.Yx Hadron mass models and calculations
12.60.-i Models beyond the standard model
***** see also 12.10 Unified field theories and models
12.60.Cn Extensions of electroweak gauge sector
12.60.Fr Extensions of electroweak Higgs sector
12.60.Jv Supersymmetric models (see also 04.65 Supergravity)
12.60.Nz Technicolor models
12.60.Rc Composite models
12.90.+b Miscellaneous theoretical ideas and models (restricted to new topics in section 12)
13. Specific Reactions and Phenomenology
13.10.+q Weak and electromagnetic interactions of leptons (see also 13.35 Decays of leptons)
13.15.+g Neutrino interactions (for neutrino-lepton interactions, see 13.10)
13.20.-v Leptonic and semileptonic decays of mesons
13.20.Cz Decays of pi mesons
13.20.Eb Decays of K mesons
13.20.Fc Decays of charmed mesons
13.20.Gd Decays of J/psi, Upsilon, and other quarkonia
13.20.He Decays of bottom mesons
13.20.Jf Decays of other mesons
13.25.-k Hadronic decays of mesons
13.25.Cq Decays of pi mesons
13.25.Es Decays of K mesons
13.25.Ft Decays of charmed mesons
13.25.Gv Decays of J/psi, Upsilon, and other quarkonia
13.25.Hw Decays of bottom mesons
13.25.Jx Decays of other mesons
13.30.-a Decays of baryons
13.30.Ce Leptonic and semileptonic decays
13.30.Eg Hadronic decays
13.35.-r Decays of leptons
13.35.Bv Decays of muons
13.35.Dx Decays of taus
13.35.Hb Decays of heavy neutrinos
13.38.-b Decays of intermediate bosoms
13.38.Be Decays of W bosons
13.38.Dg Decays of Z bosons
13.40.-f Electromagnetic processes and properties (see also 13.10 Weak and electromagnetic interactions of leptons)
13.40.Dk Electromagnetic mass differences
13.40.Em Electric and magnetic moments
13.40.Gp Electromagnetic form factors
13.40.Hq Electromagnetic decays
13.40.Ks Electromagnetic corrections to strong- and weak-interaction processes
13.60.-r Photon and charged-lepton interactions with hadrons (for neutrino interactions, see 13.15)
13.60.Fz Elastic and Compton scattering
13.60.Hb Total and inclusive cross sections (including deep-inelastic processes)
13.60.Le Meson production
13.60.Rj Baryon production
13.65.+i Hadron production by electron-positron collisions
13.75.-n Hadron-induced low- and intermediate-energy reactions and scattering (energy <_ 10 GeV) (for higher energies, see 13.85)
13.75.Cs Nucleon-nucleon interactions (including antinucleons, deuterons, etc.) (for N-N interactions in nuclei, see 21.30)
13.75.Ev Hyperon-nucleon interactions
13.75.Gx Pion-baryon interactions
13.75.Jz Kaon-baryon interactions
13.75.Lb Meson-meson interactions
13.85.-t Hadron-induced high- and super-high-energy interactions (energy > 10 GeV) (for low energies, see 13.75)
13.85.Dz Elastic scattering
13.85.Fb Inelastic scattering: two-particle final states
13.85.Hd Inelastic scattering: many-particle final states
13.85.Lg Total cross sections
13.85.Ni Inclusive production with identified hadrons
13.85.Qk Inclusive production with identified leptons, photons, or other nonhadronic particles
13.85.Rm Limits on production of particles
13.85.Tp Cosmic-ray interactions (see also 98.40 Cosmic rays)
13.87.-a Jets in large-Q sup 2 scattering
13.87.Ce Production
13.87.Fh Fragmentation into hadrons
13.88.+e Polarization in interactions and scattering
13.90.+i Other topics in specific reactions and phenomenology of elementary particles (restricted to new topics in section 13)
14. Properties of Specific Particles
14.20.-c Baryons (including antiparticles)
14.20.Dh Protons and neutrons
14.20.Gk Baryon resonances with S=0
14.20.Jn Hyperons
14.20.Lq Charmed baryons
14.20.Mr Bottom baryons
14.20.Pt Dibaryons
14.40.-n Mesons
14.40.Aq Pi, K, and eta mesons
14.40.Cs Other mesons with S=C=0, mass < 2.5 GeV
14.40.Ev Other strange mesons
14.40.Gx Mesons with S=C=B=0, mass > 2.5 GeV (including quarkonia)
14.40.Lb Charmed mesons
14.40.Nd Bottom mesons
14.60.-z Leptons
14.60.Cd Electrons (including positrons)
14.60.Ef Muons
14.60.Fg Taus
14.60.Hi Other charged heavy leptons
14.60.Lm Ordinary neutrinos (nu sub e, nu sub mu, nu sub tau)
14.60.Pq Neutrino mass and mixing (see also 12.15.F Quark and lepton masses and mixing)
14.60.St Non-standard-model neutrinos, right-handed neutrinos, etc.
14.65.-q Quarks
14.65.Bt Light quarks
14.65.Dw Charmed quarks
14.65.Fy Bottom quarks
14.65.Ha Top quarks
14.70.-e Gauge bosons
14.70.Bh Photons
14.70.Dj Gluons
14.70.Fm W bosons
14.70.Hp Z bosons
14.70.Pw Other gauge bosons
14.80.-j Other particles (including hypothetical)
14.80.Bn Standard-model Higgs bosons
14.80.Cp Non-standard-model Higgs bosons
14.80.Hv Magnetic monopoles
14.80.Ly Supersymmetric partners of known particles
14.80.Mz Axions and other Nambu-Goldstone bosons (Majorons, familons, etc.)

20. NUCLEAR PHYSICS
21. Nuclear Structure (for nucleon structure, see 14.20.D Properties of protons and neutrons; 13.40 for electromagnetic processes and properties; 13.60.H for deep-inelastic structure functions)
21.10.-k Properties of nuclei; nuclear energy levels (for properties of specific nuclei listed by mass ranges, see 27)
21.10.Dr Binding energies and masses
21.10.Ft Charge distribution
21.10.Gv Mass and neutron distributions
21.10.Hw Spin, parity, and isobaric spin
21.10.Jx Spectroscopic factors
21.10.Ky Electromagnetic moments
21.10.Ma Level density
21.10.Pc Single-particle levels and strength functions
21.10.Re Collective levels
21.10.Sf Coulomb energies
21.10.Tg Lifetimes
21.30.-x Nuclear forces (see also 13.75.C Nucleon-nucleon interactions)
21.30.Cb Nuclear forces in vacuum
21.30.Fe Forces in hadronic systems and effective interactions
21.45.+v Few-body systems
21.60.-n Nuclear-structure models and methods
21.60.Cs Shell model
21.60.Ev Collective models
21.60.Fw Models based on group theory
21.60.Gx Cluster models
21.60.Jz Hartree-Fock and random-phase approximations
21.60.Ka Monte Carlo models
21.65.+f Nuclear matter
***** Exotic atoms and molecules, see 36.10
21.80.+a Hypernuclei
21.90.+f Other topics in nuclear structure (restricted to new topics in section 21)
23. Radioactive Decay and In-beam Spectroscopy (see also 82.55 Radiochemistry)
23.20.-g Electromagnetic transitions
23.20.En Angular distribution and correlation measurements
23.20.Gq Multipole mixing ratios
23.20.Js Multipole matrix elements
23.20.Lv Gamma transitions and level energies
23.20.Nx Internal conversion and extranuclear effects
23.20.Ra Internal pair production
23.40.-s beta decay; double beta decay; electron and muon capture
23.40.Bw Weak-interaction and lepton (including neutrino) aspects
23.40.Hc Relation with nuclear matrix elements and nuclear structure
23.50.+z Decay by proton emission
23.60.+e Alpha decay
23.70.+j Heavy-particle decay
23.90.+w Other topics in radioactive decay and in-beam spectroscopy (restricted to new topics in section 23)
24. Nuclear Reactions: General
24.10.-i Nuclear-reaction models and methods
24.10.Cn Many-body theory
24.10.Eq Coupled-channel and distorted-wave models
24.10.Ht Optical and diffraction models
24.10.Jv Relativistic models
24.10.Lx Monte Carlo simulations (including hadron and parton cascades and string breaking models)
24.10.Nz Hydrodynamic models
24.10.Pa Thermal and statistical models
24.30.-v Resonance reactions
24.30.Cz Giant resonances
24.30.Gd Other resonances
24.50.+g Direct reactions
24.60.-k Statistical theory and fluctuations
24.60.Dr Statistical compound-nucleus reactions
24.60.Gv Statistical multistep direct reactions
24.60.Ky Fluctuation phenomena
24.60.Lz Chaos in nuclear systems
24.70.+s Polarization phenomena in reactions
24.75.+i General properties of fission
24.80.+y Nuclear tests of fundamental interactions and symmetries
24.85.+p Quarks, gluons, and QCD in nuclei and nuclear processes
24.90.+d Other topics in nuclear reactions: general (restricted to new topics in section 24)
25. Nuclear Reactions: Specific Reactions
25.10.+s Nuclear reactions involving few-nucleon systems
25.20.-x Photonuclear reactions
25.20.Dc Photon absorption and scattering
25.20.Lj Photoproduction reactions
25.30.-c Lepton-induced reactions
25.30.Bf Elastic electron scattering
25.30.Dh Inelastic electron scattering to specific states
25.30.Fj Inelastic electron scattering to continuum
25.30.Hm Positron scattering
25.30.Mr Muon scattering (including the EMC effect)
25.30.Pt Neutrino scattering
25.30.Rw Electroproduction reactions
25.40.-h Nucleon-induced reactions (see also 28.20 Neutron physics)
25.40.Cm Elastic proton scattering
25.40.Dn Elastic neutron scattering
25.40.Ep Inelastic proton scattering
25.40.Fq Inelastic neutron scattering
25.40.Hs Transfer reactions
25.40.Kv Charge-exchange reactions
25.40.Lw Radiative capture
25.40.Ny Resonance reactions
25.40.Qa (p,pi) reactions
25.40.Sc Spallation reactions
25.40.Ve Other reactions above meson production thresholds (energies > 400 MeV)
25.43.+t Antiproton-induced reactions
25.45.-z Sup 2 H-induced reactions
25.45.De Elastic and inelastic scattering
25.45.Hi Transfer reactions
25.45.Kk Charge-exchange reactions
25.55.-e Sup 3 H-, sup 3 He-, and sup 4 He-induced reactions
25.55.Ci Elastic and inelastic scattering
25.55.Hp Transfer reactions
25.55.Kr Charge-exchange reactions
25.60.-t Reactions induced by unstable nuclei
25.60.Bx Elastic scattering
25.60.Dz Interaction and reaction cross sections
25.60.Gc Breakup and momentum distributions
25.60.Je Transfer reactions
25.60.Lg Charge-exchange reactions
25.60.Pj Fusion reactions
25.70.-z Low and intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions
25.70.Bc Elastic and quasielastic scattering
25.70.De Coulomb excitation
25.70.Ef Resonances
25.70.Gh Compound nucleus
25.70.Hi Transfer reactions
25.70.Jj Fusion and fusion-fission reactions
25.70.Kk Charge-exchange reactions
25.70.Lm Strongly damped collisions
25.70.Mn Projectile and target fragmentation
25.70.Pq Multifragment emission and correlations
25.75.-q Relativistic heavy-ion collisions (collisions induced by light ions studied to calibrate relativistic heavy ion collisions, should be classified under both 25.75 and the 13 or 25 category appropriate to the light ions)
25.75.Dw Particle and resonance production
25.75.Gz Particle correlations
25.75.Ld Collective flow
25.80.-e Meson- and hyperon-induced reactions
25.80.Dj Pion elastic scattering
25.80.Ek Pion inelastic scattering
25.80.Gn Pion charge-exchange reactions
25.80.Hp Pion-induced reactions
25.80.Ls Pion inclusive scattering and absorption
25.80.Nv Kaon-induced reactions
25.80.Pw Hyperon-induced reactions
25.85.-w Fission reactions
25.85.Ca Spontaneous fission
25.85.Ec Neutron-induced fission
25.85.Ge Charged-particle-induced fission
25.85.Jg Photofission
25.90.+k Other topics in nuclear reactions: specific reactions (restricted to new topics in section 25)
26. Nuclear Astrophysics (see also 95.30 Fundamental aspects of astrophysics)
26.20.+f Hydrostatic stellar nucleosynthesis (see also 97.10.C Stellar structure, interiors, evolution, nucleosynthesis, ages)
26.30.+k Nucleosynthesis in novae, supernovae and other explosive environments
26.35.+c Big Bang nucleosynthesis (see also 98.80.F Origin, formation, and abundances of the elements)
26.40.+r Cosmic ray nucleosynthesis
26.50.+x Nuclear physics aspects of novae, supernovae, and other explosive environments
26.60.+c Nuclear matter aspects of neutron stars
26.65.+t Solar neutrinos
27. Properties of Specific Nuclei Listed by Mass Ranges (an additional heading must be chosen with these entries, where the given mass number limits are, to some degree, arbitrary)
27.10.+h A <_ 5
27.20.+n 6 <_ A <_ 19
27.30.+t 20 <_ A <_ 38
27.40.+z 39 <_ A <_ 58
27.50.+e 59 <_ A <_ 89
27.60.+j 90 <_ A <_ 149
27.70.+q 150 <_ A <_ 189
27.80.+w 190 <_ A <_ 219
27.90.+b 220 <_ A
28. Nuclear Engineering and Nuclear Power Studies
28.20.-v Neutron physics (see also 25.40 Nucleon-induced reactions)
28.20.Cz Neutron scattering
28.20.Fc Neutron absorption
28.20.Gd Neutron transport: diffusion and moderation
28.41.-i Fission reactors
28.41.Ak Theory, design, and computerized simulation
28.41.Bm Fuel elements, preparation, reloading, and reprocessing
28.41.Fr Reactor coolants, reactor cooling, and heat recovery
28.41.Kw Radioactive wastes, waste disposal
28.41.My Reactor control systems
28.41.Pa Moderators
28.41.Qb Structural and shielding materials
28.41.Rc Instrumentation
28.41.Te Protection systems, safety, radiation monitoring, accidents, and dismantling
28.50.-k Fission reactor types
28.50.Dr Research reactors
28.50.Ft Fast and breeder reactors
28.50.Hw Power and production reactors
28.50.Ky Propulsion reactors
28.50.Ma Auxiliary generators
28.52.-s Fusion reactors (for fusion reactor types, see 52.55)
28.52.Av Theory, design, and computerized simulation
28.52.Cx Fueling, heating, and ignition
28.52.Fa Materials
28.52.Lf Components and instrumentation
28.52.Nh Safety
28.60.+s Isotope separation and enrichment
28.70.+y Nuclear explosions (see also 47.40 Compressional flows; shock and detonation phenomena; for radiation protection from fallout, see 87.52 in biological and medical physics)
28.90.+i Other topics in nuclear engineering and nuclear power studies (restricted to new topics in section 28)
29. Experimental Methods and Instrumentation for Elementary-particle and Nuclear Physics
29.17.+w Electrostatic, collective, and linear accelerators
29.20.-c Cyclic accelerators and storage rings
29.20.Dh Storage rings
29.20.Fj Betatrons
29.20.Hm Cyclotrons
29.20.Lq Synchrotrons
29.25.-t Particle sources and targets
29.25.Bx Electron sources
29.25.Dz Neutron sources
29.25.Lg Ion sources: polarized
29.25.Ni Ion sources: positive and negative
29.25.Pj Polarized and other targets
29.25.Rm Sources of radioactive nuclei
29.27.-a Beams in particle accelerators (for low energy charged-particle beams, see 41.75)
29.27.Ac Beam injection and extraction
29.27.Bd Beam dynamics; collective effects and instabilities
29.27.Eg Beam handling; beam transport
29.27.Fh Beam characteristics
29.27.Hj Polarized beams
29.30.-h Spectrometers and spectroscopic techniques
29.30.Aj Charged-particle spectrometers: electric and magnetic
29.30.Dn Electron spectroscopy
29.30.Ep Charged-particle spectroscopy
29.30.Hs Neutron spectroscopy
29.30.Kv X- and gamma-ray spectroscopy
29.30.Lw Nuclear orientation devices
***** Energy loss and stopping power, see 34.50.B and 61.85
29.40.-n Radiation detectors (for mass spectrometers, see 07.75)
29.40.Cs Gas-filled counters: ionization chambers, proportional, and avalanche counters
29.40.Gx Tracking and position-sensitive detectors
29.40.Ka Cherenkov detectors
29.40.Mc Scintillation detectors
29.40.Rg Nuclear emulsions
29.40.Vj Calorimeters
29.40.Wk Solid-state detectors
29.50.+v Computer interfaces (for electronic circuits, see 84.30)
29.85.+c Computer data analysis
29.90.+r Other topics in elementary-particle and nuclear physics experimental methods and instrumentation (restricted to new topics in section 29)

30. ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS (for physical chemistry, see 82)
31. Electronic Structure of Atoms, Molecules and Their Ions: theory
31.10.+z Theory of electronic structure, electronic transitions, and chemical binding
31.15.-p Calculations and mathematical techniques in atomic and molecular physics (excluding electron correlation calculations) (see also 02.70 computational techniques, in mathematical methods in physics)
31.15.Ar Ab initio calculations
31.15.Bs Statistical model calculations (including Thomas-Fermi and Thomas-Fermi-Dirac models)
31.15.Ct Semi-empirical and empirical calculations (differential overlap Huckel, PPP methods, etc.)
31.15.Dv Coupled cluster theory
31.15.Ew Density-functional theory
31.15.Fx Finite-difference schemes
31.15.Gy Semiclassical methods
31.15.Hz Group theory
31.15.Ja Hyperspherical methods
31.15.Kb Path-integral methods
31.15.Lc Quasiparticle methods
31.15.Md Perturbation theory
31.15.Ne Self-consistent-field methods
31.15.Pf Variational techniques
31.15.Qg Molecular dynamics and other numerical methods
31.15.Rh Valence bond calculations
31.25.-v Electron correlation calculations for atoms and molecules
31.25.Eb Electron-correlation calculations for atoms and ions: ground state
31.25.Jf Electron-correlation calculations for atoms and ions: excited states
31.25.Nj Electron-correlation calculations for diatomic molecules
31.25.Qm Electron-correlation calculations for polyatomic molecules
31.30.-i Corrections to electronic structure
31.30.Gs Hyperfine interactions and isotope effects, Jahn-Teller effect
31.30.Jv Relativistic and quantum electrodynamic effects in atoms and molecules
31.50.+w Excited states
31.70.-f Effects of atomic and molecular interactions on electronic structure (see also 34 Atomic and molecular collision processes and interactions)
31.70.Dk Environmental and solvent effects
31.70.Hq Time-dependent phenomena: excitation and relaxation processes, and reaction rates (for chemical kinetics aspects, see 82.20.R)
31.70.Ks Molecular solids
31.90.+s Other topics in the theory of the electronic structure of atoms, molecules, and their ions (restricted to new topics in section 31)
32. Atomic Properties and Interactions with Photons
32.10.-f Properties of atoms and atomic ions
32.10.Bi Atomic masses, mass spectra, abundances, and isotopes: (for mass spectroscopy, see 07.75)
32.10.Dk Electric and magnetic moments, polarizability
32.10.Fn Fine and hyperfine structure
32.10.Hq Ionization potentials, electron affinities
32.30.-r Atomic spectra
32.30.Bv Radio-frequency, microwave, and infrared spectra
32.30.Dx Magnetic resonance spectra
32.30.Jc Visible and ultraviolet spectra
32.30.Rj X-ray spectra
32.50.+d Fluorescence, phosphorescence (including quenching)
32.60.+i Zeeman and Stark effects
32.70.-n Intensities and shapes of atomic spectral lines
32.70.Cs Oscillator strengths, lifetimes, transition moments
32.70.Fw Absolute and relative intensities
32.70.Jz Line shapes, widths, and shifts
32.80.-t Photon interactions with atoms (see also 42.50 Quantum optics)
32.80.Bx Level crossing and optical pumping
32.80.Cy Atomic scattering, cross sections, and form factors; Compton scattering
32.80.Dz Autoionization
32.80.Fb Photoionization of atoms and ions
32.80.Gc Photodetachment of atomic negative ions
32.80.Hd Auger effect and inner-shell excitation or ionization
32.80.Lg Mechanical effects of light on atoms, molecules, and ions
32.80.Pj Optical cooling of atoms; trapping
32.80.Qk Coherent control of atomic interactions with photons
32.80.Rm Multiphoton ionization and excitation to highly excited states (e.g., Rydberg states)
32.80.Wr Other multiphoton processes
32.80.Ys Weak-interaction effects in atoms
32.90.+a Other topics in atomic properties and interactions of atoms and ions with photons
33. Molecular Properties and Interactions with Photons
33.15.-e Properties of molecules and molecular ions
33.15.Bh General molecular conformation and symmetry; stereochemistry
33.15.Dj Interatomic distances and angles
33.15.Fm Bond strengths, dissociation energies
33.15.Hp Barrier heights (internal rotation, inversion, rotational isomerism, conformational dynamics)
33.15.Kr Electric and magnetic moments (and derivatives), polarizability, and magnetic susceptibility
33.15.Mt Rotation, vibration, and vibration-rotation constants
33.15.Pw Fine and hyperfine structure
33.15.Ry Ionization potentials, electron affinities, molecular core binding energy
33.15.Ta Mass spectra
33.15.Vb Correlation times in molecular dynamics
33.20.-t Molecular spectra
33.20.Bx Radio-frequency and microwave spectra
33.20.Ea Infrared spectra
33.20.Fb Raman and Rayleigh spectra (including optical scattering)
33.20.Kf Visible spectra
33.20.Lg Ultraviolet spectra
33.20.Ni Vacuum ultraviolet spectra
33.20.Rm X-ray spectra
33.20.Sn Rotational analysis
33.20.Tp Vibrational analysis
33.20.Vq Vibration-rotation analysis
33.20.Wr Vibronic, rovibronic, and rotation-electron-spin interactions
33.25.+k Nuclear resonance and relaxation
33.35.+r Electron resonance and relaxation
33.40.+f Multiple resonances (including double and higher-order resonance processes, such as double nuclear magnetic resonance, electron double resonance, and microwave optical double resonance) (see also 76.70 Magnetic double resonances and cross effects in condensed matter)
33.45.+x Mossbauer spectra
33.50.-j Fluorescence and phosphorescence; radiationless transitions, quenching (intersystem crossing, internal conversion) (for energy transfer, see also 34)
33.50.Dq Fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra
33.50.Hv Radiationless transitions, quenching
33.55.-b Optical activity and dichroism; magnetooptical and electrooptical spectra
33.55.Ad Optical activity, optical rotation; circular dichroism
33.55.Be Zeeman and Stark effects
33.55.Fi Other magnetooptical and electrooptical effects
33.60.-q Photoelectron spectra
33.60.Cv Ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet photoelectron spectra
33.60.Fy X-ray photoelectron spectra
33.70.-w Intensities and shapes of molecular spectral lines and bands
33.70.Ca Oscillator and band strengths, lifetimes, transition moments, and Franck-Condon factors
33.70.Fd Absolute and relative line and band intensities
33.70.Jg Line and band widths, shapes, and shifts
33.80.-b Photon interactions with molecules (see also 42.50 Quantum optics)
33.80.Be Level crossing and optical pumping
33.80.Eh Autoionization, photoionization, and photodetachment
33.80.Gj Diffuse spectra; predissociation, photodissociation
33.80.Ps Optical cooling of molecules; trapping
33.80.Rv Multiphoton ionization and excitation to highly excited states (e.g., Rydberg states)
33.80.Wz Other multiphoton processes
33.90.+h Other topics in molecular properties and interactions with photons (restricted to new topics in section 33)
34. Atomic and Molecular Collision Processes and Interactions
34.10.+x General theories and models of atomic and molecular collisions and interactions (including statistical theories, transition state, stochastic and trajectory models, etc.)
34.20.-b Interatomic and intermolecular potentials and forces, potential energy surfaces for collisions
34.20.Cf Interatomic potentials and forces
34.20.Gj Intermolecular and atom-molecule potentials and forces
34.20.Mq Potential energy surfaces for collisions (see also 82.20.K Potential energy surfaces for chemical reactions)
34.30.+h Intramolecular energy transfer; intramolecular dynamics; dynamics of van der Waals molecules
34.50.-s Scattering of atoms, molecules, and ions
34.50.Bw Energy loss and stopping power
34.50.Dy Interactions of atoms, molecules, and their ions with surfaces; photon and electron emission; neutralization of ions
34.50.Ez Rotational and vibrational energy transfer
34.50.Fa Electronic excitation and ionization of atoms (including beam-foil excitation and ionization)
34.50.Gb Electronic excitation and ionization of molecules; intermediate molecular states (including lifetimes, state mixing, etc.)
34.50.Lf Chemical reactions, energy disposal, and angular distribution, as studied by atomic and molecular beams (for atomic and molecular beam reactions, see 82.40.D)
34.50.Pi State-to-state scattering analyses
34.50.Rk Laser-modified scattering and reactions
34.60.+z Scattering in highly excited states (e.g., Rydberg states)
34.70.+e Charge transfer (for charge transfer reactions, see 82.30.F)
34.80.-i Electron scattering
34.80.Bm Elastic scattering of electrons by atoms and molecules
34.80.Dp Atomic excitation and ionization by electron impact
34.80.Gs Molecular excitation and ionization by electron impact
34.80.Ht Dissociation and dissociative attachment by electron impact
34.80.Kw Electron-ion scattering; excitation and ionization
34.80.Lx Electron-ion recombination and electron attachment
34.80.My Fundamental electron inelastic processes in weakly ionized gases
34.80.Nz Spin dependence of cross sections; polarized electron beam experiments
34.80.Pa Coherence and correlation in electron scattering
34.80.Qb Laser-modified scattering
34.85.+x Positron scattering
34.90.+q Other topics in atomic and molecular collision processes and interactions (restricted to new topics in section 34)
36. Studies of Special Atoms, Molecules, and Their Ions; Clusters
36.10.-k Exotic atoms and molecules (containing mesons, muons, and other unusual particles)
36.10.Dr Positronium, muonium, muonic atoms and molecules
36.10.Gv Mesonic atoms and molecules, hyperonic atoms and molecules
36.20.-r Macromolecules and polymer molecules (for polymer reactions and polymerization, see 82.35; for biological macromolecules and polymers, see 87.15)
36.20.Cw Molecular weights, dispersity
36.20.Ey Conformation (statistics and dynamics)
36.20.Fz Constitution (chains and sequences)
36.20.Hb Configuration (bonds, dimensions)
36.20.Kd Electronic structure and spectra
36.20.Ng Vibrational and rotational structure, infrared and Raman spectra
36.40.-c Atomic and molecular clusters: (see also 61.46 Solid clusters and nanoparticles)
36.40.Cg Electronic and magnetic properties of clusters
36.40.Ei Phase transitions in clusters
36.40.Gk Plasma and collective effects in clusters
36.40.Jn Reactivity of clusters
36.40.Mr Spectroscopy and geometrical structure of clusters
36.40.Qv Stability and fragmentation of clusters
36.40.Sx Diffusion and dynamics of clusters
36.40.Vz Optical properties of clusters
36.40.Wa Charged clusters
36.90.+f Other special atoms, molecules, ions, and clusters (restricted to new topics in section 36)
39. Instrumentation and Techniques for Atomic and Molecular Physics
39.10.+j Atomic and molecular beam sources and techniques
39.20.+q Atom interferometry techniques: (see also 03.75.Dg Atom and neutron interferometry)
39.30.+w Spectroscopic techniques (see also 78.47 Time-resolved optical spectroscopies and other ultrafast optical measurements in condensed matter)
39.90.+d Other instrumentation and techniques for atomic and molecular physics (restricted to new topics in section 39)

40. FUNDAMENTAL AREAS OF PHENOMENOLOGY (INCLUDING APPLICATIONS)
40. Electromagnetism, optics, acoustics, heat transfer, classical mechanics, and fluid dynamics
41. Electromagnetism; Electron and Ion Optics
41.20.-q Applied classical electromagnetism 03.50.D Maxwell theory)
41.20.Cv Electrostatics; Poisson and Laplace equations, boundary-value problems
41.20.Gz Magnetostatics; magnetic shielding, magnetic induction, boundary- value problems
41.20.Jb Electromagnetic wave propagation; radiowave propagation (see also 84.40.C Radiowave and microwave propagation; for light propagation, see 42.25.B; for propagation in plasma, see 52.35.H; for ionospheric and magnetospheric propagation, see 94.20.B and 94.30.T)
41.50.+h X-ray beams and x-ray optics (see also 07.85.F in instruments)
41.60.-m Radiation by moving charges
41.60.Ap Synchrotron radiation (for synchrotron radiation instrumentation, see 07.85.Q)
41.60.Bq Cherenkov radiation
41.60.Cr Free-electron lasers (see also 52.75.M Free-electron devices)
41.75.-i Charged-particle beams
41.75.Ak Positive-ion beams
41.75.Cn Negative-ion beams
41.75.Fr Electron and positron beams
41.75.Ht Relativistic electron and positron beams
41.75.Jv Laser-driven acceleration (see also 52.40.N Laser-plasma interactions)
41.75.Lx Other advanced accelerator concepts
41.85.-p Beam optics (see also 07.77 Atomic, molecular, and charged particle sources and detectors, 29.27 Beams in particle accelerators)
41.85.Ar Beam extraction, beam injection
41.85.Ct Beam shaping, beam splitting
41.85.Ew Beam profile, beam intensity
41.85.Gy Chromatic and geometrical aberrations
41.85.Ja Beam transport
41.85.Lc Beam focusing and bending magnets, wiggler magnets, and quadrupoles (see also 07.55.D--in instruments, 85.70.N--in magnetic devices; for superconducting magnets, see 85.25.L)
41.85.Ne Electrostatic lenses, septa
41.85.Qg Beam analyzers, beam monitors, and Faraday cups
41.85.Si Beam collimators, monochromators
41.90.+e Other topics in electromagnetism; electron and ion optics (restricted to new topics in section 41)
42. Optics (for optical properties of gases, see 51.70; for optical properties of condensed matter, see 78)
42.15.-i Geometrical optics
42.15.Dp Wave fronts and ray tracing
42.15.Eq Optical system design
42.15.Fr Aberrations
42.25.-p Wave optics
42.25.Bs Wave propagation; transmission and absorption (for radiowave propagation, see 41.20.J and 84.40.C; for propagation in atmosphere, see 42.68.A; see also 52.40.D, N--in plasma physics)
42.25.Dd Wave propagation in random media
42.25.Fx Diffraction and scattering
42.25.Gy Edge and boundary effects; reflection and refraction
42.25.Hz Interference
42.25.Ja Polarization
42.25.Kb Coherence
42.25.Lc Birefringence
42.30.-d Imaging and optical processing
42.30.Kq Fourier optics
42.30.Lr Modulation and optical transfer functions
42.30.Ms Speckle and moire patterns
42.30.Rx Phase retrieval
42.30.Sy Pattern recognition
42.30.Tz Computer vision; robotic vision
42.30.Va Image forming and processing
42.30.Wb Image reconstruction; tomography
42.40.-i Holography
42.40.Eq Holographic optical elements; holographic gratings
42.40.Ht Hologram recording and read-out methods (see also 42.70.L Holographic recording materials; optical storage media)
42.40.Jv Computer-generated holograms
42.40.Kw Holographic interferometry; other holographic techniques (see also 07.60.L Interferometers)
42.40.Lx Diffraction efficiency, resolution, and other hologram characteristics
42.40.My Applications
42.40.Pa Volume holograms
42.50.-p Quantum optics (for lasers, see 42.55 and 42.60; see also 42.65 Nonlinear optics, 03.65 Quantum mechanics)
42.50.Ar Photon statistics and coherence theory
42.50.Ct Quantum description of interaction of light and matter; related experiments
42.50.Dv Nonclassical field states; squeezed, antibunched, and sub-Poissonian states; operational definitions of the phase of the field; phase measurements
42.50.Fx Cooperative phenomena; superradiance and superfluorescence
42.50.Gy Effects of atomic coherence on propagation, absorption, and amplification of light
42.50.Hz Strong-field excitation of optical transitions in quantum systems; multi-photon processes; dynamic Stark shift (for multiphoton ionization and excitation of atoms and molecules, see 32.80.R, and 33.80.R, respectively)
42.50.Lc Quantum fluctuations, quantum noise, and quantum jumps
42.50.Md Optical transient phenomena: quantum beats, photon echo, free- induction decay, dephasings and revivals, and optical nutation, and self-induced transparency
***** Dynamics of nonlinear optical systems; optical instabilities, optical chaos, and optical spatio temporal dynamics, see 42.65.S
***** Optical solitons; nonlinear guided waves, see 42.65.T
42.50.Vk Mechanical effects of light on atoms, molecules, electrons, and ions (see also 32.80.P and 33.80.P Optical cooling and trapping of atoms and molecules)
***** Optical tests of fundamental laws and forces, see 12.20.F Experimental tests in quantum electrodynamics and 03.65.B Theory of measurements in quantum mechanics
42.55.-f Lasers
42.55.Ah General laser theory
42.55.Ks Chemical lasers (for chemical laser kinetics, see 82.40.T)
42.55.Lt Gas lasers including excimer and metal-vapor lasers
42.55.Mv Dye lasers
42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.55.Rz Doped-insulator lasers and other solid state lasers
42.55.Sa Microcavity and microdisk lasers
42.55.Vc X- and gamma-ray lasers
42.55.Wd Fiber lasers
42.55.Xi Diode-pumped lasers
42.55.Ye Raman lasers (see also 42.65.D Stimulated Raman scattering; CARS)
***** Free-electron lasers, see 41.60.C
42.60.-v Laser optical systems: design and operation
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
42.60.Da Resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings
42.60.Fc Modulation, tuning, and mode locking
42.60.Gd Q-switching
42.60.Jf Beam characteristics: profile, intensity, and power; spatial pattern formation
42.60.Lh Efficiency, stability, gain, and other operational parameters
42.60.Mi Dynamical laser instabilities; noisy laser behavior
42.60.Pk Continuous operation
42.60.Rn Relaxation oscillations and long pulse operation
***** Ultrashort pulse generation, see 42.65.T
***** Dynamics of nonlinear optical systems, see 42.65.S
42.62.-b Laser applications (for LIDAR, see 42.79.Q)
42.62.Be Biological and medical applications
42.62.Cf Industrial applications
42.62.Eh Metrological applications (see also 06.20 Metrology, 06.30 Measurements common to several branches of physics and astronomy)
42.62.Fi Laser spectroscopy
42.65.-k Nonlinear optics
42.65.An Optical susceptibility, hyperpolarizability (see also 33.15.M Electric and magnetic moments, polarizability and magnetic susceptibility of molecules)
42.65.Dr Stimulated Raman scattering; CARS
42.65.Es Stimulated Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering
42.65.Hw Phase conjugation, optical mixing, and photorefractive effect
42.65.Jx Beam trapping, self-focusing, and thermal blooming
42.65.Ky Harmonic generation and frequency conversion (see also 42.79.N Optical frequency converters)
42.65.Pc Optical bistability, multistability, and switching (see also 42.60.G Switching and pulsing; 42.79.T Optical computers, logic elements, interconnects, switches; neural networks)
42.65.Re Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression (see also 42.60.G Switching and pulsing)
42.65.Sf Dynamics of nonlinear optical systems; optical instabilities, optical chaos, and complexity, and optical spatio-temporal dynamics
42.65.Tg Optical solitons; nonlinear guided waves (for solitons in fibers, see 42.81.D)
42.65.Wi Nonlinear waveguides
42.65.Yj Optical parametric oscillators and amplifiers
42.66.-p Physiological optics
42.66.Ct Anatomy and optics of eye
42.66.Ew Physiology of eye; optic-nerve structure and function
42.66.Lc Vision: light detection, adaptation, and discrimination
42.66.Ne Color vision: color detection, adaptation, and discrimination
42.66.Qg Scales for light and color detection
42.66.Si Psychophysics of vision, visual perception; binocular vision
42.68.-w Atmospheric optics
42.68.Ay Propagation, transmission, attenuation, and radiative transfer (see also 92.60.T Interaction of atmosphere with electromagnetic waves; propagation)
42.68.Bz Atmospheric turbulence effects (see also 92.60.E Convection, turbulence, and diffusion)
42.68.Ca Spectral absorption by atmospheric gases (see also 94.10.G Absorption and scattering of radiation)
42.68.Ge Effects of clouds and water (see also 92.60.J Water in the atmosphere, 92.60.N Cloud physics)
42.68.Jg Effects of aerosols (see also 92.60.M Particles and aerosols)
42.68.Kh Effects of air pollution (see also 92.60.S Air quality and air pollution)
42.68.Mj Scattering, polarization (see also 94.10.G Absorption and scattering of radiation)
42.68.Sq Image transmission and formation
42.68.Wt Remote sensing, LIDAR, and adaptive systems
42.70.-a Optical materials (for materials science, see 81; for optical properties of bulk materials, see 78.20)
42.70.Ce Glasses, quartz
42.70.Df Liquid crystals (for structure of liquid crystals, see 61.30)
42.70.Gi Light-sensitive materials
42.70.Hj Laser materials
42.70.Jk Polymers and organics
42.70.Km Infrared transmitting materials
42.70.Ln Holographic recording materials; optical storage media
42.70.Mp Nonlinear optical crystals (see also 77.84 Dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric materials)
42.70.Nq Other nonlinear optical materials; photorefractive and semiconductor materials
42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials
42.72.-g Optical sources and standards (for lasers, see 42.55; see also 07.57.H in instruments)
42.72.Ai Infrared sources
42.72.Bj Visible and ultraviolet sources
42.79.-e Optical elements, devices, and systems (for integrated optics, see 42.82; for fiber optics see 42.81)
***** Optical instruments, equipment and techniques, see 07.60 and 07.57
***** Optical spectrometers, see 07.57.T and 07.60.R
***** Photography, photographic instruments and techniques, see 07.68
***** Magnetooptical devices, see85.70.S
42.79.Ag Apertures, collimators
42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms, and mirrors
42.79.Ci Filters, zone plates, and polarizers
42.79.Dj Gratings (for holographic gratings, see 42.40.E)
42.79.Ek Solar collectors and concentrators (see also 84.60.J Solar cells and arrays)
42.79.Fm Reflectors, beam splitters, and deflectors
42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers (for fiber waveguides and waveguides in integrated optics see 42.81.Q and 42.82.E, respectively)
42.79.Hp Optical processors, correlators, and modulators
42.79.Jq Acousto-optical devices (see also 43.38.Z - in acoustics appendix)
42.79.Kr Display devices, liquid-crystal devices (see also 85.60.P Display systems)
42.79.Ls Scanners, image intensifiers, and image converters (see also 85.60 Photoelectric and optoelectronic devices and systems)
42.79.Mt Schlieren devices
42.79.Nv Optical frequency converters
42.79.Pw Imaging detectors and sensors (see also 85.60.G Photodetectors)
42.79.Qx Range finders, remote sensing devices; laser Doppler velocimeters, SAR, and LIDAR (see also 42.68.W Remote sensing; LIDAR, and adaptive systems)
42.79.Ry Gradient-index (GRIN) devices (for fiber GRIN devices, see 42.81.H)
42.79.Sz Optical communication systems, multiplexers, and demultiplexers
42.79.Ta Optical computers, logic elements, interconnects, switches; neural networks
42.79.Vb Optical storage systems, optical disks (see also 42.40.H Hologram recording and readout methods)
42.79.Wc Optical coatings
42.81.-i Fiber optics
***** Fiber-optic instruments, see 07.60.V 42.81.Bm Fabrication, cladding, and splicing
42.81.Cn Fiber testing and measurement of fiber parameters
42.81.Dp Propagation, scattering, and losses; solitons
42.81.Gs Birefringence, polarization
42.81.Ht Gradient-index (GRIN) fiber devices
42.81.Pa Sensors, gyros
42.81.Qb Fiber waveguides, couplers, and arrays
42.81.Wg Other fiber-optical devices (for fiber lasers, see 42.55.W)
42.82.-m Integrated optics
42.82.Bq Design and performance testing of integrated-optical systems
42.82.Cr Fabrication techniques; lithography, pattern transfer (see also 85.40 Microelectronics: LSI, VLSI, ULSI; integrated circuit fabrication technology)
42.82.Ds Interconnects, including holographic interconnects (see also 42.79.T Optical computers, logic elements, interconnects, switches; neural networks)
42.82.Et Waveguides, couplers, and arrays (for fiber waveguides see 42.81.Q)
42.82.Fv Hybrid systems
42.82.Gw Other integrated-optical elements and systems
42.86.+b Optical workshop techniques
42.87.-d Optical testing techniques
42.87.Bg Phase shifting interferometry (see also 07.60.L Interferometers)
42.88.+h Radiation effects on optical elements, devices, and systems
42.90.+m Other topics in optics (restricted to new topics in section 42)
43. Acoustics (for more detailed headings, see Appendix to 43)
43.20.+g General linear acoustics (see also 03.40.K Waves and wave propagation: general mathematical aspects)
43.25.+y Nonlinear acoustics
43.28.+h Aeroacoustics, atmospheric sound (see also 92.60. Meteorology)
43.30.+m Underwater sound (see also 92.10.V - in physics of oceans)
43.35.+d Ultrasonics, quantum acoustics, and physical effects of sound
***** Phonons in crystal lattices, see 63.20
***** Acoustical properties of rocks and minerals, see 91.60.L
***** Sound waves in plasma, see 52.35.D
***** Low-temperature acoustics and sound in liquid helium, see 67
***** Acoustical properties of solids, see 62.65; for ultrasonic relaxation, see 62.80
***** Acoustic properties of thin films, see 68.60.B
***** Surface waves in liquids and solids, see 68.10 and 68.35.G
***** Acoustoelectric effects, see 72.50 and 73.50.R
***** Magnetoacoustic effects, oscillations, and resonance, see 72.55, 73.50.R, and 75.80
***** Acoustic holography, see 43.60; for acoustooptical effects, see 78.20.H
43.38.+n Transduction; acoustical devices for the generation and reproduction of sound
43.40.+s Structural acoustics and vibration
43.50.+y Noise: its effects and control
43.55.+p Architectural acoustics
43.58.+z Acoustical measurements and instrumentation
43.60.+d Acoustic signal processing
43.64.+r Physiological acoustics
***** Biological effects of sound and ultrasound, see 87.50.K 43.66.+y Psychological acoustics
43.70.+i Speech production
43.71.+m Speech perception
43.72.+q Speech processing and communication systems
43.75.+a Music and musical instruments
43.80.+p Bioacoustics
43.90.+v Other topics in acoustics (restricted to new topics in section 43)
44. Heat transfer
44.05.+e Analytical and numerical techniques
44.10.+i Heat conduction (see also 66.60 and 66.70 in transport properties of condensed matter)
44.15.+a Channel and internal heat flow
44.20.+b Boundary layer heat flow
44.25.+f Natural convection (see also 47.27.T Convection and heat transfer in fluid dynamics)
44.27.+g Forced convection
44.30.+v Heat flow in porous media
44.35.+c Heat flow in multiphase systems
44.40.+a Thermal radiation
44.90.+c Other topics in heat transfer (restricted to new topics in section 44)
45. Classical mechanics of discrete systems
45.05.+x General theory of classical mechanics of discrete systems
45.10.-b Computational methods in classical mechanics (see also 02.70 Computational techniques in mathematical methods in physics)
45.10.Db Variational and optimization methods
45.10.Hj Perturbation and fractional calculus methods
45.10.Na Geometrical and tensorial methods
45.20.-d Formalisms in classical mechanics
45.20.Dd Newtonian mechanics
45.20.Jj Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics
45.30.+s General linear dynamical systems (for nonlinear dynamical systems, see 05.45)
45.40.-f Dynamics and kinematics of rigid bodies
45.40.Cc Rigid body and gyroscope motion
45.40.Gj Ballistics (projectiles; rockets)
45.40.Ln Robotics
45.50.-j Dynamics and kinematics of a particle and a system of particles
45.50.Dd General motion
45.50.Jf Few- and many-body systems
45.50.Pk Celestial mechanics (see also 95.10.C in fundamental astronomy)
45.50.Tn Collisions
45.70.-n Granular systems (see also 05.65 Self-organized systems)
45.70.Cc Static sandpiles; granular compaction
45.70.Ht Avalanches
45.70.Mg Granular flow: mixing, segregation and stratification
45.70.Qj Pattern formation
45.70.Vn Granular models of complex systems; traffic flow
45.80.+r Control of mechanical systems (see also 46.60 Measurement methods and techniques in continuum mechanics of solids)
45.90.+t Other topics in classical mechanics of discrete systems (restricted to new topics in section 45)
46. Continuum mechanics of solids (see also 83.10.F in rheology)
46.05.+b General theory of continuum mechanics of solid
aspects, 95.10.C Celestial mechanics)
46.15.-x Computational methods in continuum mechanics (see also 02.70 Computational techniques in mathematical methods in physics)
46.15.Cc Variational and optimizational methods
46.15.Ff Perturbation and complex analysis methods
46.25.-y Static elasticity
46.25.Cc Theoretical studies
46.25.Hf Thermoelasticity and electromagnetic elasticity (electroeleasticity, magnetoelasticity)
46.32.+x Static buckling and instability
46.35.+z Viscoelasticity, plasticity, viscoplasticity (see also 83.50.B,N in rheology)
46.40.-f Vibrations and mechanical waves (see also 43.40 Structural acoustics and vibration; 62.30 in mechanical properties of solids)
46.40.Cd Mechanical wave propagation (including diffraction, scattering, and dispersion)
46.40.Ff Resonance, damping and dynamic stability
46.40.Jj Aeroelasticity and hydroelasticity
46.50.+a Fracture mechanics, fatigue and cracks (see also 62.20.M in mechanical properties of solids)
46.55.+d Tribology and mechanical contacts (see also 81.40.P Friction, lubrication and wear in materials science; 62.20.Q in mechanical properties of solids)
46.65.+g Random phenomena and media (see also 05.40 in statistical physics, thermodynamics and nonlinear dynamical systems)
46.70.-p Application of continuum mechanics to structures
46.70.De Beams, plates and shells
46.70.Hg Membranes, rods and strings
46.70.Lk Other structures
46.80.+j Measurement methods and techniques in continuum mechanics of solids (see also 07.10 Mechanical instruments, equipment, and techniques)
46.90.+s Other topics in continuum mechanics of solids (restricted to new topics in section 46)
47. Fluid Dynamics (for fluid dynamics of quantum fluids, see 67; see also 83 Rheology)
47.10.+g General theory (see also 83.10 in rheology)
47.11.+j Computational methods in fluid dynamics (see also 83.85.P Flow computation; 02.70 - in mathematical methods in physics)
47.15.-x Laminar flows
47.15.Cb Laminar boundary layers
47.15.Fe Stability of laminar flows
47.15.Gf Low-Reynolds-number (creeping) flows
47.15.Hg Potential flows
47.15.Ki Inviscid flows with vorticity
47.15.Pn Laminar suspensions
47.15.Rq Laminar flows in cavities
47.17.+e Mechanical properties of fluids (see also 62.10 Mechanical properties of liquids)
47.20.-k Hydrodynamic stability
47.20.Bp Buoyancy-driven instability
47.20.Cq Inviscid instability
47.20.Dr Surface-tension-driven instability
47.20.Ft Instability of shear flows
47.20.Gv Viscous instability
47.20.Hw Morphological instability; phase changes (see also 64 Equations of state, phase equilibria, and phase transitions)
47.20.Ky Nonlinearity (including bifurcation theory)
47.20.Lz Secondary instability
47.20.Ma Interfacial instability
47.20.Pc Receptivity
***** Chaotic phenomena, see 47.52 and 05.45
47.27.-i Turbulent flows, convection, and heat transfer
47.27.Ak Fundamentals
47.27.Cn Transition to turbulence
47.27.Eq Turbulence simulation and modeling
47.27.Gs Isotropic turbulence; homogeneous turbulence
47.27.Jv High-Reynolds-number turbulence
47.27.Lx Wall-bounded thin shear flows
47.27.Nz Boundary layer and shear turbulence
47.27.Pa Thick shear flows
47.27.Qb Turbulent diffusion
47.27.Rc Turbulence control
47.27.Sd Noise (turbulence generated)
47.27.Te Convection and heat transfer (see also 44.25 in heat transfer)
47.27.Vf Wakes
47.27.Wg Jets
47.32.-y Rotational flow and vorticity
47.32.Cc Vortex dynamics
47.32.Ff Separated flows
47.35.+i Hydrodynamic waves
47.37.+q Hydrodynamic aspects of superfluidity (see also 67.40.H and 67.57.D - in quantum fluids and solids)
47.40.-x Compressible flows; shock and detonation phenomena (see also 28.70 Nuclear explosions, 52.35.T Shock waves in plasma, 83.50.T--in rheology, 43.25.C, 43.28.M and 43.40.J--in acoustics appendix)
47.40.Dc General subsonic flows
47.40.Hg Transonic flows
47.40.Ki Supersonic and hypersonic flows
47.40.Nm Shock-wave interactions and shock effects
47.45.-n Rarefied gas dynamics
47.45.Dt Free molecular flows
47.45.Gx Slip flows
47.45.Nd Accommodation
47.50.+d Non-Newtonian fluid flows (see also 83.50 Deformation, material flow)
47.52.+j Chaos (see also 05.45 Nonlinear dynamics and nonlinear dynamical systems; 83.50.W Chaotic flows; drag reduction)
47.53.+n Fractals
47.54.+r Pattern selection; pattern formation
47.55.-t Nonhomogeneous flows
47.55.Bx Cavitation
47.55.Dz Drops and bubbles
47.55.Hd Stratified flows
47.55.Kf Multiphase and particle-laden flows
47.55.Mh Flows through porous media (for heat transfer in porous media, see 44.30)
47.60.+i Flows in ducts, channels, nozzles, and conduits (see also 83.10 and 83.50 - in rheology)
***** Biological fluid dynamics, see 87.19.T
47.62.+q Flow control
47.65.+a Magnetohydrodynamics and electrohydrodynamics (for MHD in plasma, see 52.30)
47.70.-n Reactive, radiative, or nonequilibrium flows
47.70.Fw Chemically reactive flows (see also 83.80.J Chemically reactive materials)
47.70.Mc Radiation gas dynamics
47.70.Nd Nonequilibrium gas dynamics
47.75.+f Relativistic fluid dynamics (for astrophysical aspects,see 95.30.L)
47.80.+v Instrumentation for fluid dynamics (see also 83.85 - in rheology; 07.30 Vacuum apparatus and techniques)
47.90.+a Other topics in fluid dynamics (restricted to new topics in section 47)

50. PHYSICS OF GASES, PLASMAS, AND ELECTRIC DISCHARGES: (for flow properties of gases, see 47; for atomic and molecular properties, see 30)
51. Physics of Gases
51.10.+y Kinetic and transport theory of gases
51.20.+d Viscosity, diffusion, and thermal conductivity
51.30.+i Thermodynamic properties, equations of state
51.35.+a Mechanical properties; compressibility
51.40.+p Acoustical properties: (see also 43.28 Aeroacoustics and atmospheric sound)
51.50.+v Electrical properties (ionization, breakdown, electron and ion mobility, etc.): (see also 52.80 Electric discharges)
51.60.+a Magnetic properties
51.70.+f Optical and dielectric properties
***** Sorption, see 82.65.M, and 68.45.D
***** Gas surface interactions, see 82.65.P
***** Gas sensors and detectors, see 07.07.D
51.90.+r Other topics in the physics of gases (restricted to new topics in section 51)
52. Physics of plasmas and electric discharges (for astrophysical plasmas, see 95.30.Q; for physics of the ionosphere and magnetosphere, see 94.20 and 94.30)
52.20.-j Elementary processes in plasma
52.20.Dq Particle orbits
52.20.Fs Electron collisions
52.20.Hv Atomic, molecular, ion, and heavy-particle collisions
52.25.-b Plasma properties
52.25.Dg Plasma kinetic equations
52.25.Fi Transport properties
52.25.Gj Fluctuation phenomena (see also 52.35.R Plasma turbulence)
52.25.Jm Ionization of plasmas
52.25.Kn Thermodynamics of plasmas
52.25.Mq Dielectric properties
52.25.Nr Emission, absorption, and scattering of X and gamma radiation
52.25.Qt Emission, absorption, and scattering of ultraviolet radiation
52.25.Rv Emission, absorption, and scattering of visible and infrared radiation
52.25.Sw Emission, absorption, and scattering of radio-wave and microwave radiation
52.25.Tx Emission, absorption, and scattering of particles
52.25.Ub Strongly-coupled plasmas
52.25.Vy Impurities in plasmas
52.25.Wz Nonneutral plasmas
52.25.Ya Neutrals in plasma
52.25.Zb Dusty plasmas; plasma crystals
52.30.-q Plasma flow; magnetohydrodynamics (see also 47.65-in fluid dynamics; for MHD generators, see 52.75.F)
52.30.Bt MHD equilibria
52.30.Jb Resistive MHD effects
52.35.-g Waves, oscillations, and instabilities in plasma
52.35.Bj Magnetohydrodynamic waves
52.35.Dm Sound waves
52.35.Fp Electrostatic waves and oscillations (e.g., ion-acoustic waves)
52.35.Hr Electromagnetic waves (e.g., electron-cyclotron, Whistler, Bernstein, upper hybrid, lower hybrid)
52.35.Kt Drift waves
52.35.Lv Other linear waves
52.35.Mw Nonlinear waves and nonlinear wave propagation (including parametric effects, mode coupling, ponderomotive effects, etc.)
52.35.Nx Other nonlinear interactions and phenomena (e.g., Brillouin scattering and Rayleigh scattering)
52.35.Py Plasma macroinstabilities (hydromagnetic, e.g., kink, fire-hose, mirror, ballooning, tearing, trapped-particle, flute, Rayleigh-Taylor, etc.)
52.35.Qz Plasma microinstabilities (ion-acoustic, two-stream, loss-cone, beam- plasma, drift, ion- or electron-cyclotron, etc.)
52.35.Ra Plasma turbulence
52.35.Sb Solitons; BGK modes
52.35.Tc Shock waves
52.40.-w Plasma interactions
52.40.Db Electromagnetic (nonlaser) radiation interactions with plasma
52.40.Fd Plasma interactions with antennas; plasma-filled waveguides
52.40.Hf Plasma-wall interactions; boundary layer effects; plasma sheaths
52.40.Mj Particle beam interactions in plasma
52.40.Nk Laser-plasma interactions (e.g., anomalous absorption, backscattering, magnetic field generation, fast particle generation)
52.50.-b Plasma production and heating
52.50.Dg Plasma sources
52.50.Gj Plasma heating (beam injection, radio-frequency and microwave, ohmic, ICR, ECR, and current drive heating)
52.50.Jm Plasma production and heating by laser beams
52.50.Lp Plasma production and heating by shock waves and compression
52.55.-s Magnetic confinement and equilibrium
52.55.Dy General theory and basic studies of plasma lifetime, particle and heat loss, energy balance, etc.
52.55.Ez Z-Pinch, theta pinch, plasma focus and other pinch devices
52.55.Fa Tokamaks
52.55.Hc Stellarators, spheromaks, compact tori, bumpy tori, and other toroidal confinement devices
52.55.Jd Magnetic mirrors
52.55.Lf Astron, cusp, and other magnetic traps
52.55.Pi Fusion products effects (e.g., alpha-particles, etc.)
52.58.-c Nonmagnetic confinement
52.58.Ei Light-ion inertial confinement
52.58.Hm Heavy-ion inertial confinement
52.58.Ns Other inertial confinement (including laser)
52.58.Qv Electrostatic, high frequency, and other nonmagnetic confinement
52.60.+h Relativistic plasma
52.65.-y Plasma simulation
52.65.Cc Particle orbit and trajectory
52.65.Ff Fokker-Planck equation
52.65.Kj Magnetohydrodynamic and fluid equation
52.65.Pp Monte Carlo methods
52.65.Rr Particle-in-cell method
52.65.Tt Gyrofluid and gyrokinetic simulations
52.70.-m Plasma diagnostic techniques and instrumentation
52.70.Ds Electric and magnetic measurements
52.70.Gw Radio-frequency and microwave measurements
52.70.Kz Optical (ultraviolet, visible, infrared) measurements
52.70.La X-ray and gamma-ray measurements
52.70.Nc Particle measurements
52.75.-d Plasma devices and applications (see also 28.52 Fusion reactors; for ion sources, see 29.25.L, N; for plasma sources, see 52.50.D)
52.75.Di Accelerators and propulsion
52.75.Fk Magnetohydrodynamic generators and thermionic convertors; plasma diodes
52.75.Hn Plasma torches
52.75.Kq Plasma switches (e.g., spark gaps)
52.75.Ms Free-electron devices (for free-electron lasers, see 41.60.C)
52.75.Pv High-voltage diodes (see also 84.70 High-current and high-voltage technology)
52.75.Rx Plasma applications in manufacturing and materials processing (etching, surface cleaning, spraying, arc welding, ion implantation, film deposition, etc.)
52.75.Va Devices for generation of coherent radiation
52.80.-s Electric discharges (see also 51.50 Electrical properties in gases)
52.80.Dy Low-field and Townsend discharges
52.80.Hc Glow; corona
52.80.Mg Arcs; sparks; lightning
52.80.Pi High-frequency discharges
52.80.Qj Explosions; exploding wires
52.80.Sm Magnetoactive discharges (e.g., Penning discharges)
52.80.Tn Other gas discharges
52.80.Vp Discharge in vacuum
52.80.Wq Discharge in liquids (for electric breakdown in liquids, see 77.22.J)
52.80.Yr Discharges for spectral sources (including inductively coupled plasma)
52.90.+z Other topics in physics of plasmas and electric discharges (restricted to new topics in section 52)

60. CONDENSED MATTER: STRUCTURE, MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES
61. Structure of Solids and Liquids; Crystallography (for surface structure, see 68.35.B; for thin film structure, see 68.55.J)
61.10.-i X-ray diffraction and scattering (for diffractometers, see 07.85.J)
61.10.Dp Theories of diffraction and scattering
61.10.Eq X-ray scattering (including small-angle scattering)
61.10.Ht X-ray absorption spectroscopy: EXAFS, NEXAFS, XANES, etc.
61.10.Kw X-ray reflectometry (surfaces, interfaces, films)
61.10.Nz Single-crystal and powder diffraction
61.12.-q Neutron diffraction and scattering
61.12.Bt Theories of diffraction and scattering
61.12.Ex Neutron scattering techniques (including small-angle scattering)
61.12.Ha Neutron reflectrometry
61.12.Ld Single-crystal and powder diffraction
61.14.-x Electron diffraction and scattering
61.14.Dc Theories of diffraction and scattering
61.14.Hg Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED)
61.14.Lj Convergent-beam electron diffraction, selected-area electron diffraction, nanodiffraction
61.14.Nm Electron holography
61.14.Qp X-ray photoelectron diffraction
61.16.-d Electron, ion, and scanning probe microscopy (for electron microscopy of crystal defects, see 61.72.F)
61.16.Bg Transmission, reflection and scanning electron microscopy (including EBIC)
61.16.Ch Scanning probe microscopy: scanning tunneling, atomic force, scanning optical, magnetic force, etc.
61.16.Fk Field emission and field-ion microscopy
***** EPR and NMR methods for defect structures, see 61.72.H
61.16.Ms Scanning Auger microscopy, photoelectron microscopy
61.18.-j Other methods of structure determination
61.18.Bn Atom, molecule, and ion scattering
61.18.Fs Magnetic resonance techniques; Moessbauer spectroscopy
61.20.-p Structure of liquids
61.20.Gy Theory and models of liquid structure
61.20.Ja Computer simulation of liquid structure
61.20.Lc Time-dependent properties; relaxation (for glass transitions, see 64.70.P)
61.20.Ne Structure of simple liquids
61.20.Qg Structure of associated liquids: electrolytes, molten salts, etc.
61.25.-f Studies of specific liquid structures
61.25.Bi Liquid noble gases
61.25.Em Molecular liquids
61.25.Hq Macromolecular and polymer solutions; polymer melts; swelling
61.25.Mv Liquid metals and alloys
61.30.-v Liquid crystals (see also 64.70.M Transitions in liquid crystals)
61.30.Cz Theory and models of liquid crystal structure
61.30.Eb Experimental determinations of smectic, nematic, cholesteric, and other structures
61.30.Gd Orientational order of liquid crystals; electric and magnetic field effects on order
61.30.Jf Defects in liquid crystals
61.41.+e Polymers, elastomers, and plastics (for materials synthesis, treatments, testing and analysis see 81.05.L; for rheology of polymers, see 83; for biopolymers, see 87.15)
61.43.-j Disordered solids
61.43.Bn Structural modeling: serial-addition models, computer simulation
61.43.Dq Amorphous semiconductors, metals, and alloys
61.43.Er Other amorphous solids
61.43.Fs Glasses
61.43.Gt Powders, porous materials
61.43.Hv Fractals; macroscopic aggregates (including diffusion-limited aggregates)
61.44.-n Semi-periodic solids
61.44.Br Quasicrystals
61.44.Fw Incommensurate crystals
61.46.+w Clusters, nanoparticles, and nanocrystalline materials (see also 36.40 Atomic and molecular clusters)
61.48.+c Fullerenes and fullerene-related materials
61.50.-f Crystalline state
61.50.Ah Theory of crystal structure, crystal symmetry; calculations and modeling
***** Crystal growth, see 81.10
61.50.Ks Crystallographic aspects of phase transformations; pressure effects (see also 81.30.H)
61.50.Lt Crystal binding; cohesive energy
61.50.Nw Crystal stoichiometry
61.66.-f Structure of specific crystalline solids (for surface structure, see 68.35.B)
61.66.Bi Elemental solids
61.66.Dk Alloys
61.66.Fn Inorganic compounds
61.66.Hq Organic compounds
61.68.+n Crystallographic databases
61.72.-y Defects and impurities in crystals; microstructure (for radiation induced defects, see 61.80; for defects in surfaces, interfaces and thin films, see 68.35.D and 68.55.L; see also 85.40.R Impurity doping, diffusion and ion implantation technology)
61.72.Bb Theories and models of crystal defects
61.72.Cc Kinetics of defect formation and annealing
61.72.Dd Experimental determination of defects by diffraction and scattering
61.72.Ff Direct observation of dislocations and other defects (etch pits, decoration, electron microscopy, x-ray topography, etc.)
61.72.Hh Indirect evidence of dislocations and other defects (resistivity, slip, creep, strains, internal friction, EPR, NMR, etc.)
61.72.Ji Point defects (vacancies, interstitials, color centers, etc.) and defect clusters
61.72.Lk Linear defects: dislocations, disclinations
61.72.Mm Grain and twin boundaries
61.72.Nn Stacking faults and other planar or extended defects
61.72.Qq Microscopic defects (voids, inclusions, etc.)
61.72.Ss Impurity concentration, distribution, and gradients (for impurities in thin films, see 68.55.L; see also 66.30.J Diffusion of impurities)
61.72.Tt Doping and impurity implantation in germanium and silicon
61.72.Vv Doping and impurity implantation in III-V and II-VI semiconductors
61.72.Ww Doping and impurity implantation in other materials
61.72.Yx Interaction between different crystal defects; gettering effect
61.80.-x Physical radiation effects, radiation damage (for radiation chemistry, see 82.50; for biological effects of radiation, see 87.50)
***** Radiation treatments, see 81.40.W 61.80.Az Theory and models of radiation effects
61.80.Ba Ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation effects (including laser radiation)
61.80.Cb X-ray effects
61.80.Ed gamma ray effects
61.80.Fe Electrons and positron radiation effects
61.80.Hg Neutron radiation effects
61.80.Jh Ion radiation effects (for ion implantation, see 61.72.T, V, W)
61.80.Lj Atom and molecule irradiation effects
***** Channeling, blocking, and energy loss of particles, see 61.85
61.82.-d Radiation effects on specific materials
61.82.Bg Metals and alloys
61.82.Fk Semiconductors
61.82.Ms Insulators
61.82.Pv Polymers, organic compounds
61.82.Rx Nanocrystalline materials
61.85.+p Channeling phenomena (blocking, energy loss, etc.)
61.90.+d Other topics in structure of solids and liquids (restricted to new topics in section 61)
62. Mechanical and acoustical properties of condensed matter (for mechanical and acoustical properties of interfaces and thin films, see 68.35.G, 68.45.N and 68.60.B; for mechanical properties related to treatment conditions, see 81.70.J, L, N in material science; for mechanical properties of rocks and minerals, see 91.60)
62.10.+s Mechanical properties of liquids (for viscosity of liquids, see 66.20)
62.20.-x Mechanical properties of solids
62.20.Dc Elasticity, elastic constants
62.20.Fe Deformation and plasticity (including yield, ductility, and superplasticity)
62.20.Hg Creep
62.20.Mk Fatigue, brittleness, fracture, and cracks
62.20.Qp Tribology and hardness (see 46.55 in Continuum mechanics of solids; see also 83.50.L in rheology)
62.30.+d Mechanical and elastic waves; vibrations (see also 43.40 Structural acoustics and vibration; 46.40 in continuum mechanics of solids)
62.40.+i Anelasticity, internal friction, stress relaxation, and mechanical resonances
***** Thermomechanical effects, see 65.70
***** Magnetomechanical effects, see 75.80
***** Piezoelectric effects, see 77.65
***** Elastooptical effects, see 78.20.H
62.50.+p High-pressure and shock-wave effects in solids and liquids (for high pressure apparatus and techniques see 07.35)
62.60.+v Acoustical properties of liquids
***** Lattice dynamics, phonons, see 63
***** Second sound in quantum fluids, see 67.40.P
62.65.+k Acoustical properties of solids
***** Magnetoacoustic effects, see 72.55 and 73.50.R
***** Acoustoelectric effects, see 72.50, 73.50.R, and 77.65.D
***** Acoustooptical effects, see 78.20.H
62.80.+f Ultrasonic relaxation (see also 43.35.F Ultrasonic relaxation processes in liquids and solids in acoustics appendix; for ultrasonic attenuation in superconductors, see 74.25.L)
62.90.+k Other topics in mechanical and acoustical properties of condensed matter (restricted to new topics in section 62)
63. Lattice Dynamics (see also 78.30 Infrared and Raman spectra; for surface and interface vibrations, see 68.35.J and 68.45.K)
63.10.+a General theory
63.20.-e Phonons in crystal lattices (for phonons in superconductors, see 74.25.K)
63.20.Dj Phonon states and bands, normal modes, and phonon dispersion
63.20.Kr Phonon-electron and phonon-phonon interactions
63.20.Ls Phonon interactions with other quasiparticles
63.20.Mt Phonon-defect interactions
63.20.Pw Localized modes
63.20.Ry Anharmonic lattice modes
63.22.+m Phonons in low-dimensional structures and small particles
63.50.+x Vibrational states in disordered systems
63.70.+h Statistical mechanics of lattice vibrations and displacive phase transitions
63.90.+t Other topics in lattice dynamics (restricted to new topics in section 63)
64. Equations of State, Phase Equilibria, and Phase Transitions (see also 82.60 Chemical thermodynamics)
64.10.+h General theory of equations of state and phase equilibria (see also 05.70.C Thermodynamic functions and equations of state)
64.30.+t Equations of state of specific substances
64.60.-i General studies of phase transitions (see also 63.75 Statistical mechanics of displacive phase transitions; for critical phenomena in quantum fluids, in solid surfaces and interfaces, and in magnetism, see 67, 68.35.R, and 75.40, respectively)
64.60.Ak Renormalization-group, fractal, and percolation studies of phase transitions (see also 61.43.H Fractals; macroscopic aggregates)
64.60.Cn Order-disorder transformations; statistical mechanics of model systems
64.60.Fr Equilibrium properties near critical points, critical exponents
64.60.Ht Dynamic critical phenomena
64.60.Kw Multicritical points
64.60.My Metastable phases
64.60.Qb Nucleation (see also 82.60.N Thermodynamics of nucleation)
64.70.-p Specific phase transitions
64.70.Dv Solid-liquid transitions
64.70.Fx Liquid-vapor transitions
64.70.Hz Solid-vapor transitions
64.70.Ja Liquid-liquid transitions
64.70.Kb Solid-solid transitions (see also 61.50.K Crystallographic aspects of polymorphic and order-disorder transformations; 75.30.K and 77.80.B for magnetic and ferroelectric transitions, respectively; 81.30 - in material science)
64.70.Md Transitions in liquid crystals
64.70.Pf Glass transitions
64.70.Rh Commensurate-incommensurate transitions
64.75.+g Solubility, segregation, and mixing; phase separation
(see also 82.60.L Thermodynamics of solutions)
64.90.+b Other topics in equations of state, phase equilibria, and phase transitions (restricted to new topics in section 64)
65. Thermal properties of condensed matter (see also 05.70 Thermodynamics and 44 Heat transfer; for thermodynamic properties of quantum fluids and solids, see 67; for thermal properties of thin films, see 68.60.D; for nonelectronic thermal conduction, see 66.60, 66.70; for thermal properties of rocks and minerals, see 91.60)
65.20.+w Heat capacities of liquids
65.40.+g Heat capacities of solids
(for specific heat of superconductors, see 74.25.B; for specific heat of magnetic systems, see 75.40.C)
65.50.+m Thermodynamic properties and entropy
65.70.+y Thermal expansion and density changes; thermomechanical effects
65.90.+i Other topics in thermal properties of condensed matter (restricted to new topics in section 65)
66. Transport Properties of Condensed Matter (nonelectronic)
66.10.-x Diffusion and ionic conduction in liquids
66.10.Cb Diffusion and thermal diffusion (for osmosis, see also 82.65.F)
66.10.Ed Ionic conduction
66.20.+d Viscosity of liquids; diffusive momentum transport
66.30.-h Diffusion in solids (for surface and interface diffusion, see 68.35.F)
66.30.Dn Theory of diffusion and ionic conduction in solids
66.30.Fq Self-diffusion in metals, semimetals, and alloys
66.30.Hs Self-diffusion and ionic conduction in nonmetals
66.30.Jt Diffusion of impurities
66.30.Lw Diffusion of other defects
66.30.Ny Chemical interdiffusion; diffusion barriers
66.30.Qa Electromigration
66.35.+a Quantum tunneling of defects
66.60.+a Thermal conduction in nonmetallic liquids (for thermal conduction in liquid metals, see 72.15.C)
66.70.+f Nonelectronic thermal conduction and heat-pulse propagation in solids; thermal waves (for thermal conduction in metals and alloys, see 72.15.C and 72.15.E)
66.90.+r Other topics in nonelectronic transport properties of condensed matter (restricted to new topics in section 66)
67. Quantum Fluids and Solids; Liquid and Solid Helium (see also 05.30 Quantum statistical mechanics)
67.20.+k Quantum effects on the structure and dynamics of nondegenerate fluids (e.g., normal phase liquid helium-4)
67.40.-w Boson degeneracy and superfluidity of helium-4
67.40.Bz Phenomenology and two-fluid models
67.40.Db Quantum statistical theory; ground state, elementary excitations
67.40.Fd Dynamics of relaxation phenomena
67.40.Hf Hydrodynamics in specific geometries, flow in narrow channels
67.40.Jg Ions in liquid helium-4
67.40.Kh Thermodynamic properties
67.40.Mj First sound
67.40.Pm Transport processes, second and other sounds, and thermal counterflow; Kapitza resistance
67.40.Rp Films and weak link transport
67.40.Vs Vortices and turbulence
67.40.Yv Impurities and other defects
67.55.-s Normal phase of liquid helium-3
67.55.Cx Thermodynamic properties
67.55.Fa Hydrodynamics
67.55.Hc Transport properties
67.55.Ig Ions in normal liquid helium-3
67.55.Jd Collective modes
67.55.Lf Impurities
67.57.-z Superfluid phase of liquid helium-3
67.57.Bc Thermodynamic properties
67.57.De Superflow and hydrodynamics
67.57.Fg Textures and vortices
67.57.Gh Ions in superfluid helium-3
67.57.Hi Transport properties
67.57.Jj Collective modes
67.57.Lm Spin dynamics
67.57.Np Behavior near interfaces
67.57.Pq Impurities
67.60.-g Mixed systems; liquid helium-3, helium-4 mixtures
67.60.Dm He I - helium-3
67.60.Fp He II - helium-3
67.60.Hr Dilute superfluid helium-3 in He II
67.60.Js Ions in liquid helium-3, helium-4 mixtures
67.65.+z Spin-polarized hydrogen and helium
67.70.+n Films (including physical adsorption)
67.80.-s Solid helium and related quantum crystals
67.80.Cx Structure, lattice dynamics, and sound propagation
67.80.Gb Thermal properties
67.80.Jd Magnetic properties and nuclear magnetic resonance
67.80.Mg Defects, impurities, and diffusion
67.90.+z Other topics in quantum fluids and solids; liquid and solid helium (restricted to new topics in section 67)
68. Surfaces and Interfaces; Thin Films and Whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties)
68.10.-m Fluid surfaces and fluid-fluid interfaces
68.10.Cr Surface energy (surface tension, interface tension, angle of contact, etc.)
68.10.Et Interface elasticity, viscosity, and viscoelasticity
68.10.Gw Interface activity, spreading
68.10.Jy Kinetics (evaporation, adsorption, condensation, catalysis, etc.) (see also 82.65 Surface and interface chemistry)
68.15.+e Liquid thin films
68.18.+p Langmuir-Blodgett films (for methods of film deposition, see 81.15.L)
68.35.-p Solid surfaces and solid-solid interfaces
68.35.Bs Surface structure and topography
68.35.Ct Interface structure and roughness
68.35.Dv Composition; defects and impurities
68.35.Fx Diffusion; interface formation (see also 66.30 Diffusion in solids)
68.35.Gy Mechanical and acoustical properties; adhesion
68.35.Ja Surface and interface dynamics vibrations
68.35.Md Surface energy; thermodynamic properties (see also 82.65.D Thermodynamics of surfaces and interfaces)
68.35.Rh Phase transitions and critical phenomena
68.35.Wm Other nonelectronic properties
68.45.-v Solid-fluid interfaces
68.45.Da Adsorption and desorption kinetics; evaporation and condensation (for chemisorption, see 82.65.M)
68.45.Gd Wetting
68.45.Kg Dynamics; vibrations
68.45.Nj Mechanical and acoustical properties
68.45.Ws Other nonelectronic properties
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology (for methods of thin film deposition, film growth and epitaxy, see 81.15)
68.55.Jk Structure and morphology; thickness
68.55.Ln Defects and impurities: doping, implantation, distribution, concentration, etc. (for diffusion of impurities, see 66.30)
68.55.Nq Composition and phase identification
68.60.-p Physical properties of thin films, nonelectronic
68.60.Bs Mechanical and acoustical properties
68.60.Dv Thermal stability; thermal effects
68.60.Wm Other nonelectronic physical properties
68.65.+g Low-dimensional structure (superlattices, quantum well structures, multilayers): structure, and nonelectronic properties
***** Growth of low-dimensional structures, see 81.15
68.70.+w Whiskers and dendrites (growth, structure, and nonelectronic properties)
68.75.+x Thick films (growth, structure, and non-electronic properties)
68.90.+g Other topics in structure, and nonelectronic properties of surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (restricted to new topics in section 68)

70. CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES
71. Electronic Structure (see also 73.20 Surface and interface electron states)
71.10.-w Theories and models of many electron systems
71.10.Ay Fermi-liquid theory and other phenomenological models
71.10.Ca Electron gas, Fermi gas
71.10.Fd Lattice fermion models (Hubbard model, etc.)
71.10.Hf Non-Fermi-liquid ground states, electron phase diagrams and phase transitions in model systems
71.10.Li Excited states and pairing interactions in model systems
71.10.Pm Fermions in reduced dimensions (anyons, composite fermions, Luttinger liquid, etc.) (for anyon mechanism in superconductors, see 74.20.M)
71.15.-m Methods of electronic structure calculations
71.15.Ap Plane-wave methods (including augmented plane-wave method)
71.15.Cr Scattering methods
71.15.Fv Atomic- and molecular-orbital methods (including tight binding approximation, valence-band method, etc.)
71.15.Hx Pseudopotential method
71.15.La Atomic sphere approximation methods
71.15.Mb Density functional theory, local density approximation
71.15.Nc Total energy and cohesive energy calculations
71.15.Pd Molecular dynamics calculations (Car-Parrinello) and other numerical simulations
71.15.Rf Relativistic effects
71.18.+y Fermi surface: calculations and measurements; effective mass, g factor
71.20.-b Electron density of states and band structure of crystalline solids (for electronic structure of superconductors, see 74.25.J)
71.20.Be Transition metals and alloys
71.20.Dg Alkali and alkaline earth metals
71.20.Eh Rare earth metals and alloys
71.20.Gj Other metals and alloys
71.20.Lp Intermetallic compounds
71.20.Mq Elemental semiconductors
71.20.Nr Semiconductor compounds
71.20.Ps Other inorganic compounds
71.20.Rv Polymers and organic compounds
71.20.Tx Fullerenes and related materials; intercalation compounds
***** Photonic band-gap materials, see 42.70.Q
71.22.+i Electronic structure of liquid metals and semiconductors and their alloys
71.23.-k Electronic structure of disordered solids
71.23.An Theories and models; localized states
71.23.Cq Amorphous semiconductors, metallic glasses, glasses
71.23.Ft Quasicrystals
71.24.+q Electronic str